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Electric towing vehicles are widely used for flexible material handling.
They are generally used for moving amounts of materials between major collection area (warehouse) and distribution areas (production).
Mourao, (2007) ‘Axiomatic Design as Support for Decision-Making in a Design for Manufacturing Context: A Case Study’, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 109, pp. 81–89
Altshuller, (1988) ‘Creativity As An Exact Science’, Gordon and Breach, New York
Cochran, (2000) ‘Reviewing TRIZ from the perspective of Axiomatic Design’, Journal of Engineering Design, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 79-94

This method has been successfully applied in many areas, such as vendor selection, material selection evaluation, project investment, significantly increased the scientific, accuracy and operability in multi-objective decision analysis [12].
References [1] Cunxin Tao and Dingfang Chen: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Transportation Science & Engineering), Vol.30 (2006): p. 892 [2] Pu LV, Wang Yang and Fengwei Xu: submitted to China Market (2009) [3] Yubing Yu, Youhui Cao and Yanhong Cao: submitted to Logistics Sci-Tech (2008), p. 88 [4] Pingji He， Xiaohui Zhang，Cunmei Wang: Logistics Engineering and Management.
Vol.32, (2009): p.1 [5] Liang Yuan, Zhihong Qian: submitted to Ecological Economy (2009) [6] Li Li and Yinying Tang: Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University.
Vol.31,(2008): p.95 [7] Wei Liao: submitted to Railway Freight (2008) [8] Xiuping Shi, Zhiying Liu and Zhimin Guan: submitted to Metallurgy Economy and Management (2004) [9] Jianmin Dang, Meihua Zhou and Xiaozhen Wang: submitted to Enterprise Management and Technology (2009) [10] Nianwei Wu and Yihong Ru: submitted to Logistics Technology (2010) [11] Haibin Wu and Yan Yue: submitted to Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University (2008) [12] Linggui Hu: submitted to Logistics science and technology (2005)

It has the following material properties [3]: ρ = 7.92 g/cm2, ¯M = 55.39 g/mol, csolid = 143.0 mol/L, csat = 5.1 mol/L and D = 0.85 x 10−5cm2/sec.
Coussy, Propagation fronts during calcium leaching and chloride penetration, Journal of Engineering Mechanics (ASCE) 126 (3) 250-257 (2000)
Journal of Computational Physics 135, 8-29 (1997)
Journal of Computational Physics 124, 449-464 (1996)
Newman, Pit growth studies in stainless steel foils - II: effect of temperature chloride concentration and sulphate addition, Corrosion Science 44 (5) 943-954 (2002).

The buffers are designed to lighten the critical impact on system performance and are often treated as reliable and available space between consecutive processes in which material may be easily stored and retrieved.
* This project is supported by Important National Science & Technology Specific Projects of China(No. 2009zx04001-015) and Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, China (No. 096RJZA099).
References [1] Dallery Y, Gershwin S B, Manufacturing flow line systems: a review of models and analytical results, Queueing System, 1992, 12: 3-94 [2] Sethi Suresh P, Zhang Hanqin, Zhang Qing, Hierarchical production control in a stochastic N-machine flowshop with limited buffers, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 2000, 246: 28-57 [3] Takashi Nagatani, Stability and transition in multiple production lines.
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Alden, Throughput analysis of production systems: recent advances and future topics, International Journal of Production Research, 2009, 47(14): 3823–3851

Common engineering material (inorganic medium) was employed to improve soil in this study.
Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials The test materials include soil, pebble, blast furnace slag and sand.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the State Science and Technology Special Project for Water Pollution Control and Management, Grant No. 2008ZX07317-001).
Biofiltration as an odour abatement strategy,Biochemical Engineering Journal 5 (2000) 231-242
Evaluation of the odour reduction potential of alternative cover materials at a commercial landfill.

Study on Particle Characteristics of Cement by Vertical Roller Mill Finish Grinding Weihua Liu1,a, Ruiying Bai1,b and Jiwei Cai1,3,c 1Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, 063009, China 2Jidong Development Group Co., Ltd., Tangshan, Hebei, 063031, China 3Institute of Material and Structure Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China alwh0315@163.com, bbairuiying@126.com, ccaijw1-12@yahoo.com Keywords: Vertical Roller Mill Finish Grinding, Particle Size Distribution, Circularity, Slenderness Ratio.
Materials & test methods Seven samples were selected in this test in which 4 vertical roller mill cements from same productions line (No.1-4) and 3 roller press-ball mill combined grinding cements (No.5-7).
[3] Ding Li: Fujian Building Materials, Vol. 01 (2006), p.20-24, in Chinese
[5] Xin Wang, Xianming Bai, Chen Liu, etc, Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, Vol 32(4) (2004), p.448-453, in Chinese.

The most interesting from the point of view of science and the most multipurpose element of this systems is an air layer or an air gap.
Tarasova: Increase of energy efficiency for educational institution building, Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 941-944 (2014) pp 905-920
Kazimirova, K.N.Gureev: Increase of energy efficiency of the building of kindergarten, Advanced Materials Research, 953-954 (2014) pp. 1537-1544
Tarasova: The energy-efficient heat insulation thickness for systems of hinged ventilated facades (Advanced Materials Research, Switzerland 2014)
Radovic: Fast urban development of Cetinje – old royal capital of Montenegro (Applied Mechanics and Materials, Switzerland 2014).

Though the addition of free cutting elements can increase the steel impurity, the mechanical properties of materials is lower than that of matrix, which is difficult to meet the requirements of strength, toughness used in the field of carbon steels for machine structural purposes.
More important, the grain size of graphite is fine and distribution is uniformly, the fine dispersed graphite particles can fully play the role of lubrication and notch effect in cutting, which will greatly improve the cutting performance of materials.
Materials Review, 2005,19(12),68-71(in Chinese) [2] Tian shusheng, Zhou xiaoli, Shu ruijun.
Research and development of the sulfur series easily cutting steel.Metat Materials and Metallurgy engineering.. 2008,36(6),17-20(in Chinese) [3] Bernsmann G, Bleymeh M, Ehl R, et al.
Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2003,25(4),312(in Chinese) [6] Zhang yongjun, Han jingtao, Wang quanli, et al. research and development of graphitized hypoeutectoid fre cutting steel.

Introduction High alloy Cr-Ni and Cr-Ni-Mn carbide precipitation hardened austenitic steels are a promising group of materials for use at elevated temperatures.
The heat treated material was then used for making cylindrical, threaded M14 specimens for fatigue tests, diameter d0 = 10 mm and measuring length l0 = 30 mm.
Kawahara, Strengthening and toughening of Cr-Ni-Mn-V austenitic hot work tool steels, Journal of Heat Treating 2 (1982) 321-330
Sourmail, Precipitation in creep resistant austenitic stainless steels, Materials Science and Technology 17 (2001) 1-14
Ducki, Research of the microstructure and precipitation strengthening in a high-temperature Fe-Ni superalloy, IOP Conference Series - Materials and Engineering 35 (2012) 012007

The bigger area it is, the higher energy the materials in failure absorbed.
Thus the toughness index R is usually defined as the area of the material’s stress-strain curve in engineering [4].
The higher toughness index represents more remarkable effects of toughness reinforced by fiber and also means the materials could absorb more energy in failure.
Acknowledgements This research reported in this paper is part of the Project 50878141 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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