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Online since: October 2013
Authors: Do Wan Cha, Sung Nam Oh, Keun Ha Choi, Kab Il Kim, Soo Hyun Kim, Kyung Soo Kim
Introduction A lower extremity exoskeleton enables an operator to walk with a load using a shadow walking assistance mechanism or assists the operator by allowing a reduction in the with muscle force means of a precedence walking assistance mechanism [1].
The UTRCEXO utilises harmonic drives with a gear reduction ratio of 233:1.
Type Length (mm) Weight (kg) D.O.F Reduction Gear Ratio DC Motor (w) Higher limb Arms 700 8 Shoulder /Elbow 4 Harmonic Drive 233:1 90 Body 750 3.5 Lower limb Legs 900 18 Hip /Knee 4 Harmonic Drive 233:1 150 Whole 1650 29.5 8 Table 1 Specification of the UTRCEXO Fig. 3 Movement algorithm for the shadow walking assistance mechanism of the UTRCEXO Fig. 3 shows the movement algorithm for the shadow walking assistance mechanism of the UTRCEXO.
With these data sets, (1) (2) where, z and x are the coordination value of the UTRCEXO’s toe.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Zhao Lei Ding, Feng Tong Li, Chang Feng Zhang
The method of data fitting is applied in this paper,and the formula of polytropic exponent has been derived based on experiment.The mass flow rate of the refrigerant(Gc) is mainly influenced by suction specific volume(υin), capacity of the compressor(Vth) and volumetric efficiency of the compressor(ηυ).
When the return water temperature of condenser raises from 22℃ to 40℃ and capacity of the compressor is respectively 25%, 50% , 75% and 100%, the cooling capacity reduces 17kw, 34kw, 51kw and 68kw and the reduction rate is 15.3%, 15.6%, 15.9% and 16.2%. 2.2Influence of return water temperature of condenser(Tw1) on Wel with different capacities of the compressor.
When the return water temperature of condenser raises, the increase rate of the power consumption is higher than the reduction rate of the cooling capacity . 2.The cooling capacity and the power consumption are sensitive to the return water temperature of condenser.
The temperature difference between day and night in summer is great, so the cooling capacity in the day time is lower than that at night and the increase rate of the power consumption in the day time is higher than the reduction rate of the cooling capacity, thus widening the gap between the cop of day and night.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Jing Shun Duanmu, Hua Ping Li, Xu Sheng Gan
Gray method is fit for the safety data with tendency information, especially the safety data with exponential law.
In the method, PCA method is mainly used to extract the feature of the historical data.
BP neural network is applied to modeling the propocessed data.
Fig. 2 Original data series of fight mishap 10000-Hour-Rate It was not hard to see that some sample data show the downward trend to some degree, so the first-order differential transform can be carried out to the original series data, shown in Fig. 2.
After the differential data is predicted, the prediction value need to reduce, shown in Table 2.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Vasile Danut Cojocaru, Doina Raducanu, Ion Cinca, T. Gloriant, Isabelle Thibon, Cristina Mariana Tabirca, Doina Margareta Gordin, Cătălin Iulică Nae, Andreea Caprarescu
Data concerning alloys component phases, average coherent crystallite size and internal average micro-strain was obtained.
The present study investigates the microstructures and the mechanical properties of a Ti-29Nb-9Ta-10Zr (wt.%) alloys in order to investigate structural changes occurred during recrystallization treatment of 90 % cold rolled using X-ray diffraction, in order to determine data concerning alloys component phases, average coherent crystallite size and internal average micro-strain.
The as-cast alloy was processed by cold-rolling deformation with a 90% total thickness reduction, followed by a recrystallization heat treatment.
Data concerning alloys component phases, average coherent crystallite size and internal average micro-strain was obtained.
By applying an intense cold-rolling (reduction up to 90%) deformation processing a nanometrical microstructure, consisting in a mixture of β-Ti and α″-Ti phases is obtained; this nanometrical microstructure is retained also after the recrystallization treatments.
Online since: May 2018
Authors: Elisa Maria Ruiz-Navas, Elena Gordo Odériz, Leandro Bolzoni
Furthermore, as most of the thermal energy supplied was primarily used in diffusion for homogenisation, in agreement with the shrinkage data of Figure 2, the densification of the samples was quite limited.
From the data of the density and porosity shown in Figure 4, it seems that there is a proportionality between the sintering temperature and the physical properties of the alloys.
Density data show that the Ti-7.1S alloy has higher density than the Ti-5.1S alloy.
However, this is primarily due to the greater amount of alloying contemplated in the alloy composition, whose density is higher than that of Ti, as the porosity data reveal that the two alloys have comparable residual porosity with possibly the exception of the alloys sintered at 1300ºC.
Consistently with the data plotted in Figure 4, the hardness of the low-cost Fe-bearing PM Ti-5.1S and Ti-7.1S alloys increases with the sintering temperature as the residual porosity is reduced and the composition of the material becomes more homogeneous.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Karl Thydén, Rasmus Barfod, Yi Lin Liu
After the treatment microstructural analysis is performed and correlated to the acquired conductivity data.
Since no difference could be seen from samples treated with/without constant current no specific data is presented concerning the experiments without current.
No difference could be seen between samples treated with/without constant current and therefore only data from samples treated under constant current is presented.
Data presented for the reference sample is an average from 3 samples.
However the density of percolated Ni particles is similar for both samples when data from SEM-CC is considered.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Carlos José de Araújo, Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima, Suédina Maria L. Silva, Artur S.C. Leal
An increase in Tg of nanocomposites epoxy/clay was observed by Kaviratna [3], while Massam [4] observed a reduction in Tg of the material.
These considerations make XRD data only a useful approximation to the nanostructure.
These results are consistent with the literature [5,12], where the authors have shown that there is a direct correlation between the data and the XRD data with transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
The data are shown in Table 2 and Figure 4.
These results can be attributed to a high aspect ratio of clay dispersion in polymer matrix that can act as physical crosslinker whereas the epoxy resin was intercalated in the galleries of the clay forming a predominantly exfoliated structure, as indicated by XRD data shown in Figure 3.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Li Bai, Jia Rui Chu, Zhao Chen
Table 1 Materials of enclosure structure and thermal engineering parameters Standard 50% Energy-saving 65% Energy-saving standard Names of enclosure structure Materials of enclosure structure Parameters for heat transfer [W/m²•K] Materials of enclosure structure Parameters for heat transfer [W/m²•K] Exterior wall Concrete wall + Polystyrene board insulation 0.56 Ferroconcretewall + EPSInsulation board 0.50 Exterior window Standard exterior window 2.50 Inert gas + low-e membrane clothing 2.00 Inner wall ceramsite concrete inner wall 1.35 Concrete hollow block 1.20 Roofing Aerated concrete insulation roofing 0.50 Lightweight steel frame 0.45 Floorslab Ferroconcrete floorslab 3.06 Extruded polystyrene insulation board 1.11 3.2 The Setting up of Parameters for Calculation We separately set the parameters of the tow calculating modes carrying out respectively “50% energy-saving standard” and “65% energy-saving standard.Meteorological data used in calculation are all data
Results from calculation 4.1 Analysis of Energy-saving Ability Analytical data of energy-saving ability and economy from the two operating modes are shown in table 3.
From data from table 3 we know that when implementing “50% energy-saving standard”, building 3 has a annual coal consumption for heating of 28.55kg / m2; after implementing “65% energy-saving standard”, the annual coal consumption for heating is lowered to 22.75kg/ m2,which means that for every meter we can save 5.8kg coal.
Analysis of emission reduction.
[5] Bai Li etc, Analysis of Emission Reduction of Heat Pump Air Conditioning System with Sewage Source [J], Power Demand Side Management, 2008(3):p33-36.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Jin Tong, Jin Bo Zhang, Yun Hai Ma
Reduction of working resistance of subsoiler can decrease output power of tractor and then further reduce the cost of subsoiling operation.
Introduction Serious soil compaction, caused by random traffic or repetitive tillage, can result in several problems such as reduction of organic content and permeability of soil, weak water retention ability, decrease of development space of crop root and reduction of crop yield eventually [1-3].
Meanwhile, in order to get more reliable experimental data, another 10m in front of tillage region was used for debugging experimental equipment.
At the same time, forward moving velocity was kept constant of 0.5m/s or1.0m/s, and then tillage resistance began to be measured ensuring experimental data was successfully collected.
Slower velocity of soil particles meant less impulsive force generated by contacting with subsoilers, which lead to a reduction of subsoiling resistance.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Ján Stebila, Alena Očkajová, L'uboš Krišták, Marek Rybakowski, Tomasz Rogozinski, Jana L'uptáková
Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland 4Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, T.G.Masaryka 24, 96053 Zvolen, Slovak Republic aAlena.Ockajova@umb.sk, bJan.Stebila@umb.sk, cm.rybakowski@eti.uz.zgora.pl, dtrogoz@up.poznan.pl, ekristak@tuzvo.sk, fjana.luptakova@tuzvo.sk Keywords: Sanding of wood and wood-based materials, types of sanders, wood dust, granularity, reduction of dust.
The first precondition to solve this problem is the knowledge of basic characteristics of dust particles such as size, shape and quantity of arising particles depending on changing factors in the interaction of machine – tool – workpiece which, to a considerable degree, decide on their dangerousness but also possible ways of their reduction.
The aim of the article is to compare the granulometric composition of wood sanding dust – the proportion of particles ≤ 80 µm in diameter depending on a type of the used sander (wide belt sander, narrow belt sander, hand belt sander, and hand disk sander), when sanding economically the most used broadleaved tree in the Slovak Republic Fagus silvatica and wood-based materials (MDF and particleboard) and point to possible technical safety measure for solving the reduction of this harmful factor in the operation.
On the basis of the data we can state that the particles caught on the sieve with the dimension of the opening 0.032 μm predominate as for the wide belt sander and narrow belt sander.
Thus, a starting point for an employer is the reduction of the harmful factor in the working environment through the collective protection equipment (HSE, 2012) [3, 22, 23], i.e. to use possibilities of various technical measures, organizational measures or others, and only finally to start with individual protection solving the problem through personal protective work equipment.
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