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China 3 State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.
Veneering porcelain and liner materials are traditionally used outside of zirconia framework to mask the natual color of zirconia and reproduce the selected shade.
Dental Materials J 2008;27(3):448-454 [3] Aboushelib MN, Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ.
Shanghai Journal of Stomatology 2010;19(4):427-430 [7] Johnston WM, Kao EC.
Rare Metal Materials and Engineering 2009;38(2):859-862 [12] Huang H, Zhang FQ, Sun J, Gao L.

To solve this difficult problem, engineering technologists and researchers of many institutions have carried on long-term and large amount research and exploration work on construction technology, concrete admixtures, concrete mixture ratio, raw materials for concrete and many other aspects and made many achievements and gained valuable experience].
Table 1 Concrete materials proportion No.
We research the subway station constructed in winter, detailed summary the concrete crack situation of the subway station constructed in winter, select 5 typical stations to describe, and the concrete construction materials proportion of the investigated stations is on Table 1.
After the concrete cracks were found in former sections, we have adopted appropriate and adjusted the materials proportion reasonably, and then continue to observe concrete construction of the later sections.
Chandler， International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 41 (2004)

It is widely used in high-performance composite materials, coatings and adhesives and has many reports about epoxy-modified polyurethane[4].
The siloxane is often used modifing polymer material, which can improve the overall properties the material effectively[5], such as, heat resistance, water resistance, aging resistance.
But the excessive amount of MAPTMS added, the MAPTMS which is not reaction will increase the free volume for molecular movement, which will reduce the Tp or Tg of materials.
Zhao: Chemical Progress & Polymeric Materials, 7, 22-25 (2009) [2] J.V.
Mitra: Chemical Engineering Journal, 162 (1), 322-330 (2010) [5] F.L.

The main influencing factors of the durability of urban reinforced concrete bridges in Hebei province According to the environment for work of the urban bridge in Hebei province, as well as the domestic and foreign research on the durability of concrete structure, specially research urban bridges, analysis the influence factors of city bridge durability. 1 The environment for work Concrete materials and the environment for work determines its durability interactionally.
If the water solution contains components which corrodes concrete (compound interacting with concrete component ions, which influence the strength of concrete ), so the pores of porous material -- the adsorption process on the inner surface of porous material or the chemical reactions between the components dissolved in water and materials of the pore wall, must upset this balance. 2.2 Resistance to freezing and thawing Resistance to freezing and thawing is the ability of concrete resisting to freezing and thawing cycles .
As the result, the ability of concrete resistance to frost and resistance to intrusion of corrosive chemicals materials drops further.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The financial support of the Science and Technology Pepartment’s guiding project of Hebei province of China(10215622D) is gratefully acknowledged.
（In chinese） [3] Peiguo LI, Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Bridge, Journal of Langfang Teachers, Vol.10,Feb.2010,91-92.

Experimental materials and procedure Experimental materials.
Advanced Materials Research, 2013, 634: 2804-2807
Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2010, 32(6): 122-129
Engineering Material Mechanics Performance[M].
Science Press, Beijing, 2004

Structural Evolution Upon Annealing of Multi-layer Si/Fe thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering Xiaona Li1, a , Bing Hu 1 , Chuang Dong1 , Xin Jiang1, 2 1 State Key Lab. of Materials Modification, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 2 Chair of Surface and Materials Technology Institute of Materials Engineering University Siegen Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11 57076 Siegen a email: lixiaona@dlut.edu.cn Keywords: β-FeSi2; Magnetron sputtering; TEM; Semiconductor; Metallic silicide Abstract.
Introduction β-FeSi2, as an environmental-friendly material (abundant and non-toxic elements), has high optical absorption coefficient and abundant element resources on the earth.
Acknowledgements This project is supported by the Dalian Foundation of Science and Technology (No. 2005J22JH043).
Suzuki: Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Vol. 90, (2006), p276-282 [3] Z.
Dubowik: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 226-230, (2001), p1790-1791 [12] L.T.

Fig. 2 shows the temperature trends of the HP with different tank wall materials when the volume flow rate of the leaking water is 1% of that of the inlet cold water.
The available water ratio of different tank wall materials are calculated.
During the hot water supplying process, the outlet temperature of the hot water decreases due to the increase of the thermal conductivity of the tank wall materials or the increase of the water leaking.
International Journal of Refrigeration. 2004, 27: 415-421
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2008

Effect of Substrate Temperature on One-Step Magnetron-Sputtered Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films for Solar Cells Guishan Liua, Haona Lib, Xiaoyue Shenc, Zhiqiang Hud, Hongshun Haoe Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of New Materials and Material Modification, Institute of New Energy Materials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China agshanliu@dlpu.edu.cn, blihaona2008@163.com, cxiaoyue0706@163.com, dhzq@dlpu.edu.cn, ebeike1952@163.com Keywords: One-step Magnetron Sputtering, CIGS thin film, Substrate Temperature Abstract.
Introduction Copper indium gallium selenium, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS), thin-film solar cells as a renewable energy source have been taken as one of the most promising third-generation solar cells due to a lot of advantages, such as high efficiency, stability, low cost, strong radiation resistance, effective use of raw materials and short energy payback time[1-2].
Sci. 3(2010), p. 1600 [3] Information on http://www.zsw-bw.de/en/topics/pv-materials-research/pv-materials.html [4] I.
Hashimoto: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 67(2001), p. 331 [11] O.
Appl: Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133(2011), p. 11072

The Effect of Al Micro-Alloying on Corrosion and Thermal Properties of Sn-Zn Alloy Nordarina JUMALI1,a, Nurwahida MOHD ZAINI1,b, Nur Syamira SA’DON1,c, Ahmad Azmin MOHAMAD2,d, and Muhammad Firdaus MOHD NAZERI1,e,* 1Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia 2School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
Materials and Methods The first step was to prepare master alloy of 5Al-Zn by melting pure Al and Zn (Sigma-Aldrich).
No new phases detected due to low solubility limit of materials each other.
Firdaus, Corrosion Properties of Sn-9Zn Solder in Acidic Solution, in: Materials Science Forum, Trans Tech Publ, 2017, pp. 365-372
Suganuma, Ti addition to enhance corrosion resistance of Sn–Zn solder alloy by tailoring microstructure, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 644 (2015) 113-118

The result of this process is the continuous improvement of the ecological environment, enrichment in material goods , more advanced science and technology, more robust political legal system and more perfect social management.
（III）the evaluation of material product value.
For material products, its value of existence is justifiable.
Economic science press, April 2005
Journal of hubei institute for nationalitiesl (philosophy and social edition) 2000.