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., 172, 050012, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan 2Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of chemistry and chemical technology, Department of chemical physics and material science, al-Farabi avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan *meruert82@mail.ru Keywords: porous carbon, soot, oil sludge, carbon nanotubes, CVD method.
Synthesis CVD is a multi-parametric process, however, the main effect on the structure, properties and yield of carbon material is exerted by a catalyst [5].
A well-developed catalytic chemistry of nickel as well as variety of carbon materials with a wide range of properties allowed to create a large set of metallic catalysts on carbon carriers [7].
The gradient of carbon concentration on different surfaces of a catalytic nanoparticle results in diffusion of carbon, and upon reaching supersaturation, in formation of tubular structures in a solid phase.
Raman spectra of the initial porous carbon material (а) and CNT obtained by CVD method at 650 0C (b), 700 0С (c), 750 0С (d), 800 0С (e) With the increase in the relation of I(D)/I(G) the defectiveness of the structure of the obtained carbon nanotubes increases.

Zhu 3 1 Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2School of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100037, China 3 Organic Solid Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China kzwang@bnu.edu.cn ¶ Corresponding author Keywords: Self-Assembled film; Ferrocene; Polyoxometalate Abstract.
In this paper, we report on the fabrication of stable ultrathin film of lanthanide polyoxometalate K13[Nd(SiW9Mo2O39)2]·25H2O and a biferrocenyl derivative with donor-π-accepter structure whose analogue complexes have potential applications for second-order nonlinear optics [14]. 2.
Experimental 2.1 Materials The polyoxometalate K13[Nd(SiW9Mo2O39)2]·25H2O (shortly hereafter as Nd(SiW9Mo2)2) [15] and Fe(C5H5)2L [16] (its molecular structure is shown in Fig. 1) were synthesized according to literature methods.
Molecular structure of Fe(C5H5)2L 2.2 Instrumentation X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of the film on glass slide were measured on an Axis Ultra X-ray photoelectron spectrometer of Kratos Co.

It can be seen from the figures that the nano composite coating has a structure of thin and even needles and a surface without microcracks.
This kind of structure will facilitate the imbedding of nano C particles into it and so act as solid lubricant.
As observed, the nano-composite coating has multi-phase structures of Cr-Fe alloy compound (Cr1.36Fe0.52) and polycrystalline Cr with C particles.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2003, 78: 574-580
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2004, 86: 5-10.

Introduction ZSM-48 is firstly synthesized by Chu in 1983 and has been used as a effective catalyst for many reaction due to its unique framework structure that uninterpenetrating linear 10-membering ring channels (0.53nm×0.56nm)[1, 2].
Sample ZSM-48(0) shows the typical diffractgram corresponding to the ZSM-48 structure.
A B Fig. 2 N2 absorbtion-desorption isotherms of HZSM-48 zeolites (A) and BJH pore size distribution derived from the adsorption branch (B) Table. 1 Pore structure properties of HZSM-48 zeolites Sample SBET Smesoa Smicroa Vp Vmesob Vt-microb m2/g m2/g m2/g cm3/g cm3/g cm3/g ZSM-48(0) 288 76 212 0.24 0.08 0.16 ZSM-48(5) 373 175 198 0.35 0.21 0.14 ZSM-48(10) 417 236 181 0.44 0.31 0.13 a t-plot method. b BJH method.
Morales, et al., Chemistry of Materials. 21 (2009) 641-654
Escola, et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry. 18 (2008) 4210–4218

The carburizing of this steel followed by direct quenching cause its change in a pseudo-composite material characterized by a sequence of structures such as superior and inferior bainites or mixtures of bainites with martensite, each of these including alloying elements carbides and retained austenite and up to sorbitic perlite in the core.
The Ce, as well as the rare earths such as Nd, La and Y, retards the nucleation of the allotriomorphic ferrite at the level of the austenitic grains surfaces in a greater extent than that of bainite, phenomenon that allow to steels containing rare earths to attain fully bainitic structures during continuous cooling from the austenitic stability range [1].
a) b) Fig.1 Microstructure of carburized and quenched layer of 21NiCrMo2 steel: (a) carburized at 900°C/30 min in paste; (b) carburized at 900°C/30 min in paste+10%Ce (magnification:x100, Etching reagent: nital2%) The presence of carbides precipitated in the carburized layers (observed by Xray diffraction) causes a decreasing carbon content in austenite [2-3] and thus by rapid cooling (quenching) a fine bainitic structure (as shown in figure 1) together with Ce and alloying elements carbides was obtained; further morphological aspects of bainite can be observed in the SEM images of the carburized layer (Fig.2).
[2] M.F.Yan, Study on absorbtion and transport of carbon in steel during gas carburising with rare-earth addition, Materials Chemistry and Physics 70 (2001) 242-244
[3] M.F.Yan, Z.R.Liu, Study on microstructure and microhardness in surface layer of 20CrMnTi steel carburised at 880oC with and without RE, Materials Chemistry and Physics 72 (2001) 97-100

The Fronius system produced parts with a fine, uniform, columnar grain structure, leading to more isotropic mechanical properties.
The grain structure appears relatively uniform, with minimal evidence of secondary phase formations or grain boundary defects.
Fronius produced a finer, more uniform structure, achieving better isotropy.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 285:126144, June 2022
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 294:126988, January 2023

The structures and compositions of Cu-ZnO were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra.
However, polyester fiber is generally unable to kill bacteria, which is conducive to the microbial adhesion and spread bacteria with the porous structure.
For Cu-ZnO molar ratios (0.02:1, 0.05:1, 0.08:1, 0.1:1) it was observed that with increasing the Cu concentration, the intensity of diffraction peaks corresponding to face centered cubic structure of Cu (marked with ‘◆’) increased, while compared to pure ZnO with hexagonal wurtzite structure (JCPDS card# 36-1451, a=3.25 Å and c=5.21 Å).
Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 177(2004) 1425-1430
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 215(2014) 839-850

The structure and gas-sensing properties were investigated.
The results show that the structure of CNTs-Ag-LaFeO3 is of orthogonal perovskite.
The structure of the sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The structure of the powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction.
Rishpon: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 491 (2000), p.182

Effects of pH Value on the Structures and Optical Properties of Bi2S3 Thin Films Huang Jian-Feng1, a, Wang Yan 1, Cao Li-Yun1, Zhu Hui1 and Zeng Xie-Rong2 1 Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710021, China 2 Shenzhen Key Laboratories of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen 518086, China a huangjf@sust.edu.cn Keywords: Bi2S3; Thin films; Electrodeposition; Optical properties Abstract.
The effects of solution pH values on the structures and optical properties of the thin films were particularly investigated.
The influences of solution pH value on the structures and optical properties of the thin films were particularly investigated.
As known [9], Bi2S3 has inherent lamellar structure, which makes crystallites rapidly grow along one direction under certain conditions.
This feature of Bi2S3 may lead to oriented growth of Bi2S3 films with laminar structure during the electrodeposition process.

Low temperature synthesis of nano-carbon materials using a water-soluble catalyst support by chemical vapor deposition Leishan Chen1,a and Cunjing Wang1,b College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China aemail: chenleishan@yahoo.cn; bemail: wangcunjing@126.com Keywords: Sodium chloride; Acetylene; Chemical vapor deposition; Nano-carbon materials Abstract.
When the reaction temperature was 420 ℃, carbon nanotubes with a structure of rope and low graphitization degree were obtained.
Figure. 3(b) displays the HRTEM image of an individual carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticle, revealing that the nanoparticle had a typical structure of NOLFs encapsulating metallic cores and the metallic core was encapsulated by 16 concentric graphitic layers with an inter-shell distance of 0.348 nm.
Figure. 4 shows the HRTEM images of CNTs at 420 ℃, from which it can be seen that the CNTs with low graphitization degree were multi-walled and had a structure of rope.
When the reaction temperature was 420 ℃, CNTs with diameters in the range 10-40nm and a structure of rope were the main product.