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Online since: October 2013
Authors: Do Wan Cha, Sung Nam Oh, Keun Ha Choi, Kab Il Kim, Soo Hyun Kim, Kyung Soo Kim
Introduction
A lower extremity exoskeleton enables an operator to walk with a load using a shadow walking assistance mechanism or assists the operator by allowing a reduction in the with muscle force means of a precedence walking assistance mechanism [1].
The UTRCEXO utilises harmonic drives with a gear reduction ratio of 233:1.
Type Length (mm) Weight (kg) D.O.F Reduction Gear Ratio DC Motor (w) Higher limb Arms 700 8 Shoulder /Elbow 4 Harmonic Drive 233:1 90 Body 750 3.5 Lower limb Legs 900 18 Hip /Knee 4 Harmonic Drive 233:1 150 Whole 1650 29.5 8 Table 1 Specification of the UTRCEXO Fig. 3 Movement algorithm for the shadow walking assistance mechanism of the UTRCEXO Fig. 3 shows the movement algorithm for the shadow walking assistance mechanism of the UTRCEXO.
With these data sets, (1) (2) where, z and x are the coordination value of the UTRCEXO’s toe.
The UTRCEXO utilises harmonic drives with a gear reduction ratio of 233:1.
Type Length (mm) Weight (kg) D.O.F Reduction Gear Ratio DC Motor (w) Higher limb Arms 700 8 Shoulder /Elbow 4 Harmonic Drive 233:1 90 Body 750 3.5 Lower limb Legs 900 18 Hip /Knee 4 Harmonic Drive 233:1 150 Whole 1650 29.5 8 Table 1 Specification of the UTRCEXO Fig. 3 Movement algorithm for the shadow walking assistance mechanism of the UTRCEXO Fig. 3 shows the movement algorithm for the shadow walking assistance mechanism of the UTRCEXO.
With these data sets, (1) (2) where, z and x are the coordination value of the UTRCEXO’s toe.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Siti Aslina Hussain, Nur Sofuwani Zainul Abidin, Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal
Fouling leads to rise in pressure drop across the heat exchanger (with reduction of flow-rate).
Lactose was removed by 10KDa molecular weight cut off (MCWO)-sized ultrafiltration membrane corresponds to a nominal pore diameter 10 – 100 nm. 2.3 Performances of the membranes The performances of the membrane can be determined based on permeate flux, volume reduction factor (VRF), and recovery rate (RR) which can represent with these equations: i) Permeate flux (L/m2.hr) a) Effect of pressure on flux b) Effect of flow-rate on flux ii) Volume Reduction Factor VRF=V0Vf
The data below was obtained from analysis using MilkoScan FT2 by the researcher.
Lactose was removed by 10KDa molecular weight cut off (MCWO)-sized ultrafiltration membrane corresponds to a nominal pore diameter 10 – 100 nm. 2.3 Performances of the membranes The performances of the membrane can be determined based on permeate flux, volume reduction factor (VRF), and recovery rate (RR) which can represent with these equations: i) Permeate flux (L/m2.hr) a) Effect of pressure on flux b) Effect of flow-rate on flux ii) Volume Reduction Factor VRF=V0Vf
The data below was obtained from analysis using MilkoScan FT2 by the researcher.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Dan Yu Jiang, Qiang Li, Cai Xia Li, Qing Lv
Most researches have focused on transition metal-layered materials and objects with strong reduction.
By constrast, there are few studies on the layered materials of SnS2 with CdI2 morphology and organic amine of weak reduction [3].
Among Ethylenediamine molecules, there is no shared electron on nitrogen atoms, so they can show a certain reduction.
In the Fig.1.a, all of the diffraction peaks of the SnS2 are clearly observed in this figure and the XRD pattern is indexed as the pure hexagonal SnS2 structure in good agreement with the reported data (PDF card 23-0677).
By constrast, there are few studies on the layered materials of SnS2 with CdI2 morphology and organic amine of weak reduction [3].
Among Ethylenediamine molecules, there is no shared electron on nitrogen atoms, so they can show a certain reduction.
In the Fig.1.a, all of the diffraction peaks of the SnS2 are clearly observed in this figure and the XRD pattern is indexed as the pure hexagonal SnS2 structure in good agreement with the reported data (PDF card 23-0677).
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Qing Hua Chang, Die Peng, Xiao Yu Chen, Yu Ting Bai, Zhen Zhen Chang
Magnesium alloy has high specific strength and specific stiffness, damping and noise reduction and performance advantages for electromagnetic interference shielding, and absorption of shock and vibration energy intensity, in the aviation, aerospace, automotive, instrumentation, electronics and other industries are widely used.
NaBH4 uses the strong reduction of BH4 – in strong alkali solution to make Ni + reduction, and the reaction process will produce H +, it brings about that the PH of plating solution decreases and plating speed also decreases, so we should add NaOH to keep the stability of the pH.
From the data available we can obtain that, when the sodium hydroxide concentration is low, deposition rate increases with the growing of concentration.
NaBH4 uses the strong reduction of BH4 – in strong alkali solution to make Ni + reduction, and the reaction process will produce H +, it brings about that the PH of plating solution decreases and plating speed also decreases, so we should add NaOH to keep the stability of the pH.
From the data available we can obtain that, when the sodium hydroxide concentration is low, deposition rate increases with the growing of concentration.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Zhao Lei Ding, Feng Tong Li, Chang Feng Zhang
The method of data fitting is applied in this paper,and the formula of polytropic exponent has been derived based on experiment.The mass flow rate of the refrigerant(Gc) is mainly influenced by suction specific volume(υin), capacity of the compressor(Vth) and volumetric efficiency of the compressor(ηυ).
When the return water temperature of condenser raises from 22℃ to 40℃ and capacity of the compressor is respectively 25%, 50% , 75% and 100%, the cooling capacity reduces 17kw, 34kw, 51kw and 68kw and the reduction rate is 15.3%, 15.6%, 15.9% and 16.2%. 2.2Influence of return water temperature of condenser(Tw1) on Wel with different capacities of the compressor.
When the return water temperature of condenser raises, the increase rate of the power consumption is higher than the reduction rate of the cooling capacity . 2.The cooling capacity and the power consumption are sensitive to the return water temperature of condenser.
The temperature difference between day and night in summer is great, so the cooling capacity in the day time is lower than that at night and the increase rate of the power consumption in the day time is higher than the reduction rate of the cooling capacity, thus widening the gap between the cop of day and night.
When the return water temperature of condenser raises from 22℃ to 40℃ and capacity of the compressor is respectively 25%, 50% , 75% and 100%, the cooling capacity reduces 17kw, 34kw, 51kw and 68kw and the reduction rate is 15.3%, 15.6%, 15.9% and 16.2%. 2.2Influence of return water temperature of condenser(Tw1) on Wel with different capacities of the compressor.
When the return water temperature of condenser raises, the increase rate of the power consumption is higher than the reduction rate of the cooling capacity . 2.The cooling capacity and the power consumption are sensitive to the return water temperature of condenser.
The temperature difference between day and night in summer is great, so the cooling capacity in the day time is lower than that at night and the increase rate of the power consumption in the day time is higher than the reduction rate of the cooling capacity, thus widening the gap between the cop of day and night.
Online since: February 2020
Authors: Ionuţ Daniel Geonea, Laurenţiu Racilă, Adrian Sorin Rosca, Paul Rinderu, Valeriu Ionică
[4] Rahman, Roslan Abd, Mohd Nasir Tamin, and Ojo Kurdi, Stress analysis of heavy duty truck chassis as a preliminary data for its fatigue life prediction using FEM, Jurnal Mekanikal 26.2 (2008)
[6] Jean-François Audet, Programme de réduction du poids des autobus urbains phase 1, Centre des Matériaux composites de Saint-Jérôme, TP 13423 F, 1999
[7] Martec Limited, Intercity Bus Weight Reduction Program Montreal, Transportation Development Centre, TP 13560E, 2000
[9] Martec Limited, Intercity bus weight reduction program: Phase 2 - A design investigation for lightweight intercity bus roof and floor components", TP 14243E, 2003 [10] Kenji Karita, Yoichiro Kohiyama, et al., Development of Aluminum Frame for Heavy-Duty Trucksé, N.I5 (Technical review), pp 81-84, 2003
[6] Jean-François Audet, Programme de réduction du poids des autobus urbains phase 1, Centre des Matériaux composites de Saint-Jérôme, TP 13423 F, 1999
[7] Martec Limited, Intercity Bus Weight Reduction Program Montreal, Transportation Development Centre, TP 13560E, 2000
[9] Martec Limited, Intercity bus weight reduction program: Phase 2 - A design investigation for lightweight intercity bus roof and floor components", TP 14243E, 2003 [10] Kenji Karita, Yoichiro Kohiyama, et al., Development of Aluminum Frame for Heavy-Duty Trucksé, N.I5 (Technical review), pp 81-84, 2003
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Ajai Kumar Pathak
Some of the other waste reduction techniques are, zero defects, setup reduction, and line balancing.
Kanban mainly focus on the reduction of over production.
This even may be a sophisticated electronic data exchange process.
Ø Preventive maintenance Ø Corrective maintenance Ø Maintenance prevention Advantages of lean manufacturing Lean manufacturing is often used with the terms like benefits, cost reduction, lead time reduction etc.
Kanban mainly focus on the reduction of over production.
This even may be a sophisticated electronic data exchange process.
Ø Preventive maintenance Ø Corrective maintenance Ø Maintenance prevention Advantages of lean manufacturing Lean manufacturing is often used with the terms like benefits, cost reduction, lead time reduction etc.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Xiao Guang Lei, Ao Yin
The annual power generation of LongTan Hydropower Station is 18,700,000,000 kW·h, which is equivalent to the reduction of thermal power electricity generation and coal combustion for 6,700,000t, the reduction of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide for 16,830,000t, the reduction of the emission of harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide for 100,000t, and the reduction of dust emission for 1,200,000t[1], this makes great contribution to our country’s energy conservation and emission reduction.
2.The model of water consumption rate of LongTan Hydropower Station
2.1 Equation Incremental Rate Principle of the optimal load distribution in units
Given the load of hydropower station in a certain period of time, and there are m units in operation.
The load of LongTan Hydropower Station by time of day is given by China Southern Power Grid, and the condition for the minimum total power discharge is also suitable for principle. 2.2 Tiny increasing rate curve of LongTan units In order to apply Equation Incremental Rate Principle to the practical work of LongTan Hydropower Station and provide production personnel with instructional theoretical basis, the characteristic curve of load discharge in all water heads and the load-discharge data measured for many years are gained from the comprehensive characteristic curve of LongTan units.
The load of LongTan Hydropower Station by time of day is given by China Southern Power Grid, and the condition for the minimum total power discharge is also suitable for principle. 2.2 Tiny increasing rate curve of LongTan units In order to apply Equation Incremental Rate Principle to the practical work of LongTan Hydropower Station and provide production personnel with instructional theoretical basis, the characteristic curve of load discharge in all water heads and the load-discharge data measured for many years are gained from the comprehensive characteristic curve of LongTan units.
Improvement of Adhesion of Cubic Boron Nitride Films: Effect of Interlayer and Deposition Parameters
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Qi He, Lawrence Pilione, Russell F. Messier, Fan Xiu Lu, Cheng Ming Li
They conclude that their
heat treatment improves crystallinity of the film and results in reduction of residual stress.
The stress data after the RTA treatment are also shown (triangle).
The reduction of the ion irradiation damage to the cubic phase leads to a dramatic reduction of residual stress in the film.
A substantial increase of the average grain size is an additional effect of the reduction of ion irradiation damage [13], which is also very helpful in reducing the stress in the c-BN films.
A high c-BN content thin film can be obtained by the bias step-down process in our experimental setup, and un-like other reported results our second step does not lead to a reduction in the c-BN content [14].
The stress data after the RTA treatment are also shown (triangle).
The reduction of the ion irradiation damage to the cubic phase leads to a dramatic reduction of residual stress in the film.
A substantial increase of the average grain size is an additional effect of the reduction of ion irradiation damage [13], which is also very helpful in reducing the stress in the c-BN films.
A high c-BN content thin film can be obtained by the bias step-down process in our experimental setup, and un-like other reported results our second step does not lead to a reduction in the c-BN content [14].
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Parveen Kumar, P.C. Tewari, Amit Gupta
Inventory Reduction and Cost Efficiency cannot make a valuable and cheaper product.
The differences in strategies of Customer Delight Firms and Customer Satisfaction Firms are shown in Table 1 as given below: Table 1: Difference in Techniques adopted by firms of diefferent Aims Firms with Aim of Customer Satisfaction Firms with Aim of Customer Delight Cost Inventory Reduction Lead Time Reduction Quality Quality Product Diversification Product Innovation Quick Response Hypothesis: There is a positive relation between Stage Three elements and Customer Delight.
Lot Size Reduction It may be possible to reduce the Lot Size by reducing the Set up Time.
Set Up Reduction It is concerned about reducing the duration of machine down time which consists of set-up and changeover of equipment’s for production of variety of products.
Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 94 No. 5, pp. 3-10
The differences in strategies of Customer Delight Firms and Customer Satisfaction Firms are shown in Table 1 as given below: Table 1: Difference in Techniques adopted by firms of diefferent Aims Firms with Aim of Customer Satisfaction Firms with Aim of Customer Delight Cost Inventory Reduction Lead Time Reduction Quality Quality Product Diversification Product Innovation Quick Response Hypothesis: There is a positive relation between Stage Three elements and Customer Delight.
Lot Size Reduction It may be possible to reduce the Lot Size by reducing the Set up Time.
Set Up Reduction It is concerned about reducing the duration of machine down time which consists of set-up and changeover of equipment’s for production of variety of products.
Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 94 No. 5, pp. 3-10