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Almost of the particles were deposited on each of the ceramic substrate grain.
The grain boundaries of the substrate clearly appeared as linear lacks of deposition.
The number of the migrated protons, which the electrical polarization was attributed to, was estimated as less than 0.5% of the total number in the HAp ceramic substrate [7].
Moreover, the induced surface charges of the HAp electrets affected the overgrowth conductivities of the individual substrate grains.
The phenomenon that the grain acted as a unit was not found in the overgrowth on the 0-surface.

The effect of BN grain size is analyzed and the oxidation mechanism in ceramic composites is discussed correspondingly.
Composites were prepared using different grain size of h-BN, i.e. 1 µm, 5 µm and 10 µm.
EDS analysis shows that the observed large number of white fine particles, which assemble together and adhere on the grassy phase oxide layer, was confirmed as ZrO2.
The BN grain size can significantly affect the formation of the oxide.
The ceramic composites with BN grain size was 5µm (ZSB5) showed better oxidation resistance at 1200ºC compared with ZSB1 and ZSB10.

The results showed that, the grain size and surface roughness improved while the optical transmittance diminished with increasing the calcinations temperature.
ZnO films have been deposited by a number of methods like pulsed magnetron sputtering [4], electrodeposition process [5], sol–gel method [6], electrostatic spray deposition [7], spray pyrolysis [8] and spin coating [9].
From Fig. 1, it can be observed that the grain boundary of the calcined surface becomes smaller with the increment of calcinations temperature.
Upon close inspection of the AFM images, it was observed that the grain sizes become larger with the increase of calcinations temperature.
As the calcination temperature increased, the grain size was found to be increased as well and improved the surface roughness of the thin films.

The alloying elements influence the microstructure, the size of the α-Mg grains decreasing considerably. 1.
As previously noted [16], Mg-0.5Ca-xY alloys form a major phase of the α-Mg type, with grains of significant size, uniform globular compounds distributed in the metallic mass - the A-area, respectively intermetallic compounds - the B area, arranged at the boundary of the main phase grains.
The B area revealed by a light gray lamellar appearance at the Mg grains interface is attributed to Mg-Ca compounds.
Acknowledgment „This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministery of Research and Innovation, CCCDI – UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0239 / 60PCCDI 2018 , within PNCDI III”.
Xiao, Effect of Zr, Mn and Sc additions on the grain size of Mg–Gd alloy, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 470 (2009) 311–316

The grain structure is shown in figure 4.
According to figure 4, it is known that grain size decreases with the increasing of the cooling rate of the sample.
The grain size of water-cooling sample was small; when the instant conversion of liquid state into the solid state during aluminum solidification, the faster cooling rate, the larger condensate depression, therefore, the size of grain is small and the number of grain is so many.
Condensate depression of copper and iron is larger than water, so its grain size is bigger.
Because of the slow cooling rate, the grains are able to grow up in the fast growth rate, resulting in the formation of big grain.

The limited number of active deformation systems in hexagonal close packed metals results in the formation of a strong crystallographic texture upon mechanical processing.
The grain size was determined using a linear intercept method from a large number of non-overlapping measurements.
The average grain size is about 14 μm.
For the current Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy, no necklace-type microstructure is found along the grain boundaries, which means grain boundary nucleation is absent.
As such, there are many fine grains in the grain boundaries in the Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy, as shown in Fig.1.

The reason is that with the increase of rotational speed and feed speed, the friction per unit of time between workpiece and oilstone aggravates, the number of effective grains per unit of time increases, and at the same time the actual machining depth of the grain reduces, which make the lapping force per grain decrease.
Moreover, because of the cavitation and hammering of grain and cutting fluid, the lapping force in ultrasonic lapping decreases.
It is because that when the lapping depth is smaller the material is removed through the friction between grain and workpiece surface, at this time the force is smaller and the lapping force is stable.
With the increase of lapping depth, the workpiece surface is squeezed by grain, and the material is fragmentally removed.
It is can be seen from the influence of lapping parameters on lapping force, the lapping force increases at different degree along with the grain size.

Since demands for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) are increasing, the number of the studies on machining of CFRP is also increasing.
Tool Straight end-mill tool Router tool (EDR) Coating type TiAlN Diamond Electrodeposited diamond grains Number of cutting edge 4 - Grain size - φ1~3 μm #60 Diameter φ6 mm Helix angle 30 degs. 10 degs. - Workpiece Tool Tool path X Y Z 3-axis tool dynamometer 9257B 0.34 mm 1.7 mm 50 mm 130 mm Z X Y (5 ply) Fig. 1 Fabricated CFRP.
Thus, In the case of using the EDR, after 1.6 m cutting, the diamond grains on the bottom surface are completely removed, and there are only few abrasives on the outer surface.
The effect of this is considered to be either the run-out of the tool or the dispersion of diamond grain.
(3) As the machined surface, the surface roughness machined with EDR became worse because the diamond grains were worn quickly.

The major limit for this technology is that the capture capacity of CaO-based sorbents sharply decreases with increasing cycle numbers.
Ca12Al14O33 could restrain the growth of CaO grains thereby delaying the reduction of carbonation to some extent.
Other Synthetic Sorbents Containing MgO, La2O3 and CaTiO3 Wang et al. reported that the synthetic sorbents of CaO and MgO showed better CO2 capture capacity than pure CaO because MgO crystalline grains acted as an inert support separating CaO crystalline grains and slowed sorbent sintering.
The CO2 capture capacity decreased with the number of cycles, but the decline was relative slow as presented in Fig.3.
To solve the shortcomings that the capture capacity of CaO-based sorbents sharply decreased with increasing cycle numbers.

In the particle composition, the GRS belongs to the mixed soil, composed by fine grained soil and coarse grained soil, the intermediate is deleted, so it has both the sandy and clay soil properties.
The properties of backfill were described as follow, and the grain fraction statistical table is show in Table.1
fak =93.8+10N R2=0.834 Sample number 19 (1) Eo=-3.6+1.69N R2=0.8 Sample number 20 (2) Fig.3.
fak = 67.5+13N R2=0.61 Sample number 34 (3) Eo = 0.15+1.5N R2=0.57 Sample number 39 (4) It can be seen that the SPT blow count has correlation with the characteristic value subgrade capacity and deformation modulus, for there are reflection of the foundation dense degree.
fak =124+20.6*N63.5 R2=0.814 Sample number 22 (5) E0 =-1.1+3.8*N63.5 R2=0.59 Sample number 22 (6) Fig.9.