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A common strategy for gradientless based approaches to achieve a constant stressed boundary is to add material where stresses are high and remove it where stresses are low [5-12].
Following the gradientless approaches, material is added around A if the local stress at this point is larger than the threshold boundary hoop stress, hence, Γ1 ‘grows’ to Γ2 and A is moved to A¢.
Therefore, in the context of reducing a peak of local maximum stress at A, as shown in Fig. 1, there are two optional approaches: 1) adding material at A (Γ1→Γ2); 2) increasing the curvature radius around A (Γ1→Γ ¢2).
Acknowledgements: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51075354).
The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design. 34 (1999) 323-336

Suggestions will be mainly provided from two aspects. 1) Considering from cable, adhesive, the materials composing satellite itself and other things like that used in satellite thermal vacuum test, use material with less quantity of degassing under high-temperature conditions in thermal test; 2) High-temperature baking decontamination of satellite can be conducted before the formal satellite thermal vacuum test, that is, before the installation of vacuum gauge tube, which will be helpful for the extension of the service life of vacuum gauge.
It can effectively control the steam evaporated by material enter into gauge tube directly which will cause the filament, electrode and other things polluted and therefore affect the service life of gauge tube.
There are various ways to control effectively the impact of material evaporation on hot cathode ionization gauge, one of which is adding baffle structure in the gauge hatch of gauge tube.
Moreover, the hot cathode ionization gauge with this kind of baffle structure has gained engineering application in semiconductor and other industries, whose service life extends nearly six times compared with that of common hot cathode ionization gauge. 2) Carry out research on measuring methods of organic matter containing a large number of phthalate and siloxane. we can consider from such perspective as filament and each electrode material, or filament and each electrode surface modification. 3) There is difference between the measurement of hot cathode ionization gauge put inside satellite and installed on the chamber wall, so great attention should be paid, otherwise the accuracy of its measuring result will be affected.
[3] Li Detian, Cheng Yongjun, Fengyan: Latest Progress in Measurement Technology of Ultra High and Extremely High Vacuum, Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Vol. 29.5 (2009), p. 522

The developed approaches were implemented mainly with two different lay-ups of a 3-layered symmetric plates composed of typical silicon-based materials.
Apparently, piezoelectric effect may have a sound influence at low pretension (k=1), obviously stronger than the layer material effect.
Again, the material properties of the considered layers have little influence upon the variation of mechanical sensitivity.
Dumir, 2005, “Geometrically Nonlinear Axisymmetric Response of Thin Circular Plate under Piezoelectric Actuation”, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 10, pp. 411–423
Chen, 2010, “Analytical Geometrical Responses in Large Deflection of Simply Supported Piezo-electric Layered Plate under Initial Tension”, Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 33, pp. 1005-1013

Welzel, in: 5th International Congress on Heat Treatment of Materials, Vol.
III, Scientifique Society of Mechanical Engineers and International Federation for the Heat Treatment of Materials (1986), pp. 1806-1813
Hernández-Morales: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science Vol. 33 (2009), pp. 797–807
Chen: International Journal of Materials and Product Technology Vol. 24 (2005), pp. 155–169

The Austenite Inverse Phase Transformation Quenching in Zero Time Holding of 20MnV Steel LI An-ming 1,a , WANG Xiang-jie 1 , HUANG Li-juan 1 1 School of Materials Science & Engineering.
Experimental material and method Experimental material The chemical constitution of experimental 20MnV steel (quality percentage, %): 0.23C, 0.23Si, 1.50Mn, 0.12V, 0.020S, 0.031P.
Heat treatment process 20MnV steel is provided with hot rolled material, pre-quenching process: 880°C×20min, water cooling.
Its microstructure and property are better than that quenched with hot rolled material.
Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute, 1994, Vol. 13: 64-68

And that the Krylov subspace method can preserve some important material parameters as symbol.
The parameters ρ, α, β and e are the material density, Rayleigh damping coefficient and Young's modulus.
So some important parameters are preserved, like material density, Rayleigh damping coefficient, Young's modulus, etc.
AIAA Journal.
Sensors and Materials, Vol. 19 (2007), p. 49-164 [8] G.

Introduction In the conventional production of steel and aluminium alloys, a large variety of rolling conditions occur by which a complex forming history is imposed on the material.
The effects of multipass deformation processes on the final material properties may be manifold and furthermore, the interdependence of process parameters can significantly affect the eventual microstructure, and subsequent properties according to the type of rolling schedule and equipment.
Loveday et al.: Measurement of flow stress in hot plane strain compression tests, Materials at High Temperatures (2006), 23(2), p. 85-118 [3] P.
Munther et al.: The effect of scaling on interfacial friction in hot rolling of steels (1999), Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 88, p.105-113 [4] J.
Sellars et al.: Plane strain compression testing at elevated temperatures, Report on research work supported by Science Research Council, grant B/RG/1481, University of Sheffield, UK (1976)

Enterprise size is in terms of concentration of the technology and equipment, raw materials, energy, labor and other input factors in the enterprise.
The formation of scale economies requires funds, manpower, material resources, technology, organization structure, management ability and other aspects of preparation; for scope economies, besides these, it still needs higher technical level.
But electrical machinery industry or any enterprise whose producing area of raw materials is quite far to the producing area can play the more advantages of scale economies.
Hunan university of science and technology, 2008
Journal of System management, 2009

Citation & Copyright (to be inserted by the publisher ) Syntheses and Evaluations of Microstructure Properties on Al-(50, 60, 70 mass%)Si Systems by Mechanical Alloying Jung-Il Lee, Tae-Whan Hong, Il-Ho Kim, Soon-Chul Ur, Young-Geun Lee and Sung-Lim Ryu Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering/Nano Technology Lab., Chungju National University, 123 Geomdan-ri, Iryu-myeon, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-702, Korea Keywords: High silicon Al-Si alloy systems, Mechanical alloying, XRD, Crystallite size, Misfit strain Abstract.
Introduction Microwave and electronic packaging materials, which are necessary in an advanced technology of telecommunication, can be applied for semiconductors such as silicon or GaAs with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), high thermal conductivity, high stiffness, low density, and so forth.
Recently, high silicon Al-Si alloy systems, which contain silicon more than 12.6 mass% Si, have been emerged as potential candidate packaging materials because of good thermo-physical properties with CTE (7-11×10-6/K), density (2.5-2.4 g/cm3), thermal conductivity (120-140 W/mK), machinability, and electroplating as well as cost effectiveness [1].
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) (a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 1 TEM images and EDS spectrums for mechanically alloyed Al-70Si alloy powders.

However among numerous defluoridation materials, such as: alumina based materials, clays and soils, calcium based minerals, synthetic compounds and carbon based materials, granular activated alumina (GAA) seems to be better suited for defluoridation due to its specificity and affinity towards fluoride, chemical/physical properties.
[8] Ruiz T, Persin F, Hichour M, Sandeaux J, Modelisation of fluoride removal in Donnan dialysis, Journal of Membrane Science. 212 (2003) 113-121.