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The basic principle that solar thermal uses is to gather solar radiation energy with a collector, then turn it into thermal energy for utilization by interaction with materials.
Existing problems of solar energy industry development Imbalance on solar energy technique development and backward in photovoltaic generation technique Utilization of solar thermal energy, relatively maturely developed in our country, is in leading position on technique and market of same kind worldwide, but utilization of solar thermal energy mainly concentrates in traditional water heater aspect and makes no breakthroughs in technique fields of solar thermal generation, polymer materials and combination between solar energy and architecture, strong in industry but weak on scale compared with developed countries.
Basic research, material research, application research, industrialization research, market development and cultivation and construction funds can’t be guaranteed constantly in long term.
Guangdong baiyun college journal, 2007, 14(2): 113-117 [5] Huifen Liu, Zhanzhong Shi.
Science Technology and Engineering , 2008，8(22): 6062-6070 [6] Song Gao, Hongjuan Hou.

Typically used structures are from polymers or other soft materials with the main advantage of an inherent safety.
Fig. 1: Linear movement of an earthworm (left, 0) and agonist/antagonist setup of muscles (right, 0) To complement already studied materials like polymers, the research, discussed in this paper, investigates shape memory alloys (SMA) towards their applicability in soft robotics.
-G.; Schlegel, H.; Walther, M.; Zimmermann, P.; and Bucht, A.: New Concepts for distributed actuators and Their Control, Soft Robotics Transferring Theory to Application, Springer, pp 19-32, 2015 [4] Seok, S.; Onal, C.O.; Wood, R.; Rus, D.; and Kim, S.: Peristaltic locomotion with antagonistic actuators in soft robotics, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 2010 [5] Hino, T.; Maeno, T.: Development of a Miniature robot Finger with a Variable Stiffness Mechanism using Shape Memory Alloy, Queretaro, Mexico, 2004 [6] Newell, G.E.: The role of the coelomic fluid in the movements of earthworms, Journal of Experimental Biology, 27:110-122, 1950 [7] Menciassi, A.; Gorini, S.; Pernorio,G.; Dario,P.: A SMA Actuated Artificial Earthworm, IEEE Internaltional Conference on Robotics and Automation 2004 Proceedings ICRA 04 2004 4: 3282-3287 Vol.4 [8] Liu, C.Y.; Liao, W.H.: A Snake Robot Using Shape Memory Alloys, Proceedings of the IEEE, International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, Shenyang, China,
2004 [9] Cianchetti, M.; Arienti, A.; Follador, M.; Mazzolai, B.; Dario, P.; Laschi, C.: Design concept and validation of a robotic arm inspired by the octopus, Materials Science and Engineering C 31 (2011) 1230-1239 [10] Chou, C.P.; Hannaford, B.: Measurement and modeling of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles, IEEE Trans.

However, massive materials have to be removed from the forged cylinder of hydrogenation reactor in the process of rough machining.
With the optimal cutting parameters of v=50m/min, f=0.5mm/r, ap=1.2mm, the amount of material removal reached to the maximum in this study
Acknowledgements The projects are supported by National 863 Program (2009AA044302), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (2009ZRB01385) and University Self-innovation Program of Jinan.
Journal Harbin Univ.
ZHOU, Al2O3 based nanocomposite ceramic cutting tool material and its cutting performance.

In the modeling process, there are some differences in the boundary conditions of calculation software, physical properties of materials and the operating state of the real bridge.
The initial finite element model is mainly explained as follows: (1)This article chooses solid45 element to simulate concrete material of box girder in order to better close the actual structure and observe each beam segment in the late prestressed and related load case , especially the stress distribution of zero beam segment.
(2) In order to study that prestressed reinforcement has an impact on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure, this article selects link8 unit to simulate longitudinal prestressing steel strand material ,and it uses the initial strain method to apply prestressed
It meets the changing trends of physical properties for concrete materials under the normal using.
Journal of applied mechanics, 2009,26(2):288-296,in chinese [6] Yi Bo Studios.ANSYSY 9.0 classic products advanced analysis techniques and instance details[M].

In addition, under the situation that global resources and environmental problems become increasingly serious, we should vigorously advocate sustainable development and production of green material, so it is inevitable to wider use for recycled concrete [1].
Then, in turn, making nine test cubes size of 150mm×150mm×150mm test cube compressive strength and elastic modulus of materials.
Effects of constitutive relationship influents significantly finite element analysis, so for concrete materials use multiple linear model MISO, the ascent stage uses norms[13] of formula (1), and the descent stage uses Hongnestad formula (2); constitutive relation of joist rebar uses BKIN model.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51068004), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (11-cx-04).
Journal of Guangxi University, Vol. 38(2013), p.1, in chinese

Introduction Circular saw blade is a kind of important cutting tool used in the machining of stones, ceramics and other non-metal crisp and hard materials, which has some advantages such as high efficiency and high precision.
Layer damping material is copper alloy, damping loss factor is, and Poisson’s ratio is 0.3, the elastic modulus is.
Journal of Sound and Vibration,188(1995) 745-752
Sadhana-Academy Proceedings in Engineering Science, 38(3) 491-511 [5] Mingsong Zhang, Puxian Zhu, Jianjun Ke and Yikuan Zhu.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 444 (2013) 129-133 [6] W.Larbi, J-F.

Covering with organic materials and constructing terrace is a method to increase leaching effect.
In addition, it only needs common materials and machines and tools and it has the advantages of low cost and good effect.
Protection Forest Science and Technology. (2003), p. 68-69.
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.
Ecologic Science.

Synthesis of Europium(III) Complex-Based Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals for Biolabeling Applications Takuya Kataoka1,a, Shigeaki Abe2,b and Motohiro Tagaya1,c* 1Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan 2Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan atakuya_kataoka@mst.nagaokaut.ac.jp, bsabe@den.hokudai.ac.jp, ctagaya@mst.nagaokaut.ac.jp Keywords: Bio-labeling, Organic-inorganic nanohybrid, Exciplex emission, Hydroxyapatite, Europium(III) complex, HeLa cancer cells Abstract.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) of the main component of hard tissues are excellent biocompatibility and practically used as a biomedical material [2, 3].
In particular, europium (III) ion (Eu3+) -doped HA nanocrystals were the candidate for biolabeling materials because of their low cytotoxicity [6].
The carbonylated polystyrene standard particles (Izon Science, Ltd.) having the average diameter of 100 nm were placed in the PBS buffer solution at the concentration of 2 × 109 particles/ml as the calibration sample.
The detailed discussion on the immobilization will be reported in the other journal soon by our group.

Although alternative ceramic materials can improve cell performance, the established materials are globally sufficient for adequate power output.
The Ni/YSZ anode material is suited for applications with YSZ material, whereas Ni/SDC and Ni/GDC anode materials are best used with ceria-based electrolyte materials.
Tian: Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 28 (2003), p. 889 [5] S.M.
Irvine: Nature Materials Vol.2 (2003),p. 320 [41] P.
Baroux: La Revue de Métallurgie -CIT/Science et Génie de Matériaux.

Material and methods.
On the basis of the foregoing, it can be theoretically assumed that the volume of the α-Al2O3 formed (Vcell = 0.5404 nm3), of which the coating mainly consists, is greater than the volume of the starting materials that participated in PEO.
Method of micro-arc oxidation // East European Journal of advanced technology. 2012.
Effect of heating cycles on phase transformation in ceramic coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation of Al6061 alloy / in: International Conference on Materials Heat Treatment (ICMH 2012), Isfahan, Iran, May 2012 [7] Kolomeichenko A.V., Sharifullin S.N., Kuznetsov Yu.A., Logachev V.N., Titov N.V.
Problemy NaukiObrazovan., No. 6 (2014). http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?