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Online since: July 2011
Authors: Marek Sibielak, Waldemar Rączka, Jarosław Konieczny
The parameters of the spring model have been determined, based on the experimental data.
The mathematical model developed may be applied in the design of passive, semi-active, and active vibration reduction systems, as well as in the synthesis of adaptive smart vibration reduction systems.
Shape memory alloys are also used as actuators in active vibration reduction systems.
This article discusses the use of SMA springs in vibration reduction systems.
Et=cA2ω202πωcos2ωtdt=cA2ωπ (7) Therefore, the damping coefficient may be determined on the basis of formula (8), where energy Et has been determined on the basis of experimental data.
The mathematical model developed may be applied in the design of passive, semi-active, and active vibration reduction systems, as well as in the synthesis of adaptive smart vibration reduction systems.
Shape memory alloys are also used as actuators in active vibration reduction systems.
This article discusses the use of SMA springs in vibration reduction systems.
Et=cA2ω202πωcos2ωtdt=cA2ωπ (7) Therefore, the damping coefficient may be determined on the basis of formula (8), where energy Et has been determined on the basis of experimental data.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Zhi Gang Chen, Yi Min Mao, Li Xin Liu
Online mining of closed frequent itemsets over streaming data is one of the most important issues in mining data streams.
Different from data in traditional static databases, data streams have the following characteristics[1].
All data streams are represented by average transaction length (T), average pattern length (I) and the size of stream data (D).
MOMENT: maintaining closed frequent itemsets over a data stream sliding window,in:Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining.
CFI-stream:Mining closed frequent itemsets in data streams.
Different from data in traditional static databases, data streams have the following characteristics[1].
All data streams are represented by average transaction length (T), average pattern length (I) and the size of stream data (D).
MOMENT: maintaining closed frequent itemsets over a data stream sliding window,in:Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining.
CFI-stream:Mining closed frequent itemsets in data streams.
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Andreas Diga Pratama Putera, Edi Sugiarto, I Wayan Warmada, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus, Sutijan Sutijan
Consequently, according to the XRD data analysis, prolonging reduction time after 60 minutes is useless.
XRD Data Analysis of Saprolite Reduction Process using Anthracite Charcoal in 1000°C.
XRD Data Analysis of Saprolite Reduction Process using Coconut Shell Charcoal in 1000°C.
This pattern is supporting the XRD data analysis that the process will be significantly inactive after 60 minutes reduction.
This also corresponds with XRD data mentioned before.
XRD Data Analysis of Saprolite Reduction Process using Anthracite Charcoal in 1000°C.
XRD Data Analysis of Saprolite Reduction Process using Coconut Shell Charcoal in 1000°C.
This pattern is supporting the XRD data analysis that the process will be significantly inactive after 60 minutes reduction.
This also corresponds with XRD data mentioned before.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: Vladimir A. Gol'tsev, Boris P. Yur'ev, Vyacheslav A. Dudko
The middle zone – is the reduction one.
Content, % Reduction Degree, % Notes Fetotal FeO S CaO SiO2 MgO Femet. 1 56,3 38,6 0,05 0,5 2,5 17,5 – 18 Whole lump average sample 2 60,2 48,2 N/A 6,0 3,6 22,9 26,5 58,2 Upper layer 61,3 64,0 0,004 5,2 3,7 22,6 24,7 60,0 Intermediate layer 58,3 55,1 0,003 5,2 3,7 22,6 17,7 51,0 Lump core 3 64,5 51,5 0,005 0,5 0,2 24,7 24,8 58,5 Whole lump average sample It follows from data of Table 3 that decomposition in argon atmosphere results in FeO and Fe3O4 oxide mixture with the composition of .
The obtained results agree completely with the work data [2].
As is seen from data of Table 3, ferrous oxide content increases and the metallic iron decreases from the sample surface to the center, what is indicative of significant diffusion resistance in the ore sample with the size of 45 – 50 mm.
Experiments were carried out to obtain data on the ore firing in the neutral atmosphere (argon) on the samples with the dimensions of 12 – 15 mm.
Content, % Reduction Degree, % Notes Fetotal FeO S CaO SiO2 MgO Femet. 1 56,3 38,6 0,05 0,5 2,5 17,5 – 18 Whole lump average sample 2 60,2 48,2 N/A 6,0 3,6 22,9 26,5 58,2 Upper layer 61,3 64,0 0,004 5,2 3,7 22,6 24,7 60,0 Intermediate layer 58,3 55,1 0,003 5,2 3,7 22,6 17,7 51,0 Lump core 3 64,5 51,5 0,005 0,5 0,2 24,7 24,8 58,5 Whole lump average sample It follows from data of Table 3 that decomposition in argon atmosphere results in FeO and Fe3O4 oxide mixture with the composition of .
The obtained results agree completely with the work data [2].
As is seen from data of Table 3, ferrous oxide content increases and the metallic iron decreases from the sample surface to the center, what is indicative of significant diffusion resistance in the ore sample with the size of 45 – 50 mm.
Experiments were carried out to obtain data on the ore firing in the neutral atmosphere (argon) on the samples with the dimensions of 12 – 15 mm.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Wei Yu
The greatest feature of current stage is the presentation of high dimensional data (data above three dimensions), which describes the complex data through visual stereoscopic model that can help users to check and handle the data more clearly.
Data analysis and operation module: After receiving data from questionnaire, questionnaire users can analyze, process and display the data visually here.
This module uses three-dimension data cube as main graph, thus we can display the high-dimension data through dimension reduction.
If it is 3D data, then show as 3D data cube, therefore, users can operate data cube directly with mouse operation.
Multi-Dimensional Data Visualization.
Data analysis and operation module: After receiving data from questionnaire, questionnaire users can analyze, process and display the data visually here.
This module uses three-dimension data cube as main graph, thus we can display the high-dimension data through dimension reduction.
If it is 3D data, then show as 3D data cube, therefore, users can operate data cube directly with mouse operation.
Multi-Dimensional Data Visualization.
Online since: April 2021
Authors: S.P. Salikhov, B. Suleimen
Salikhovb
South Ural State University (National Research University), Chelyabinsk, Russia
abakytsuleimen@mail.ru, bsalikhovsp@susu.ru
Keywords: ayat deposit, oolitic iron ore, phosphorus reduction, reduction temperature.
The effect of reduction of temperature was studied, by CO gas at 800, 900, 1000, 1050 °C, for 3hours reduction time.
At lower temperatures iron had lower degree of reduction, and phosphorus was not reduced at all.
According to the data provided in Table 3 for the analysis shown in Fig. 2 it can be observed that in CO gas atmosphere at temperature of 800 ° C and for 3 hours holding time there was no reduction of iron to metal in the oolite structure (there was no bright white metal phase found).
Only after reduction the preoxidized ore acquired magnetic properties.
The effect of reduction of temperature was studied, by CO gas at 800, 900, 1000, 1050 °C, for 3hours reduction time.
At lower temperatures iron had lower degree of reduction, and phosphorus was not reduced at all.
According to the data provided in Table 3 for the analysis shown in Fig. 2 it can be observed that in CO gas atmosphere at temperature of 800 ° C and for 3 hours holding time there was no reduction of iron to metal in the oolite structure (there was no bright white metal phase found).
Only after reduction the preoxidized ore acquired magnetic properties.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Seshadri Seetharaman, Hesham M. Ahmed, Nurni N. Viswanathan
They reported that the porosity of iron changes from 20 to 62% upon reduction.
However, it is possible to make a reasonable approximation to explain the experimental data.
Thermal diffusivity changes with the progress of NiWO4 reduction.
Summary of data on time dependence of diffusivity changes Temperature, K Initial diffusivity, α0 x 106 cm2s-1 Final diffusivity, αt x 106 cm2s-1 Time to completion, min Incubation time, min 973 0.0058 0.0141 120 22 1048 0.0053 0.0161 110 14 1123 0.0051 0.0161 98 6 1198 0.0038 0.0159 49 2 1273 0.0036 0.0159 41 2 The activation energy of the reduction of NiWO4 was calculated by an Arrhenius plot using the isothermal reduction rates, which can be represented by the change in thermal diffusivity, at different temperatures.
Arrhenius plot for the reduction of NiWO4.
However, it is possible to make a reasonable approximation to explain the experimental data.
Thermal diffusivity changes with the progress of NiWO4 reduction.
Summary of data on time dependence of diffusivity changes Temperature, K Initial diffusivity, α0 x 106 cm2s-1 Final diffusivity, αt x 106 cm2s-1 Time to completion, min Incubation time, min 973 0.0058 0.0141 120 22 1048 0.0053 0.0161 110 14 1123 0.0051 0.0161 98 6 1198 0.0038 0.0159 49 2 1273 0.0036 0.0159 41 2 The activation energy of the reduction of NiWO4 was calculated by an Arrhenius plot using the isothermal reduction rates, which can be represented by the change in thermal diffusivity, at different temperatures.
Arrhenius plot for the reduction of NiWO4.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Shou Qiang Men, Christian Resagk, Hong Bo Xiao
Up to now, interfacial instabilities in aluminium reduction cells have attracted much attention since they might cause short circuit and influence greatly on the temperature distribution and reduction of energy consumption.
Besides, a NI data acquisition board PCI6284 is applied to collect raw signals from the sensors, which has 32 analog input channels, a resolution of 18 bit and a sampling rate of 500kSps, this enables a sampling rate of up to 15 kSps per channel if 32 analog input channels are utilized simultaneously.
An analysis of the hydrodynamics of aluminium reduction cells.
An Energy Analysis of Unstable, Aluminium Reduction Cells, European Journal of Mechanics, B/Fluids, vol. 13(1994), pp. 15-32
Interfacial instability due to MHD mode coupling in aluminium reduction cells.
Besides, a NI data acquisition board PCI6284 is applied to collect raw signals from the sensors, which has 32 analog input channels, a resolution of 18 bit and a sampling rate of 500kSps, this enables a sampling rate of up to 15 kSps per channel if 32 analog input channels are utilized simultaneously.
An analysis of the hydrodynamics of aluminium reduction cells.
An Energy Analysis of Unstable, Aluminium Reduction Cells, European Journal of Mechanics, B/Fluids, vol. 13(1994), pp. 15-32
Interfacial instability due to MHD mode coupling in aluminium reduction cells.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Jiang Jun Hu, Qian Ma, Ling Ouyang, Xi Chen, Fu Xing Gan
The gas space velocity in the experiment simulated atmospheric data.
“Zeolite-based materials for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with hydrocarbons.”
"Catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by methane over CaO catalyst."
"Plasma-catalytic reduction of NO with C2H4 in the presence of excess oxygen."
Catalyst oxidation and reduction, Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 20 (1981), pp. 451–457.
“Zeolite-based materials for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with hydrocarbons.”
"Catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by methane over CaO catalyst."
"Plasma-catalytic reduction of NO with C2H4 in the presence of excess oxygen."
Catalyst oxidation and reduction, Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 20 (1981), pp. 451–457.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Hua Bing Wen, Jun Fang, Zhen Zhen Liu, Jian Min Dong
In order to prove the numerical simulation validity, the simulation data was compared with that of the experiments, which shows that the vibration prediction error is lower than 15% and the noise prediction error is about 5 dB(A).
The sound absorption material was pasted on the bulkhead of cabins, and the average noise reduction level achieved to 7 dB(A).
Then, the single-layer vibration isolation system was designed for the diesel engines, the average noise reduction level achieved to 5 dB(A).
So the noise reduction measures for meeting room should be carried out.
The noise level in high frequency is reduced obviously after the treating and the average noise reduction level achieves to 7 dB(A).
The sound absorption material was pasted on the bulkhead of cabins, and the average noise reduction level achieved to 7 dB(A).
Then, the single-layer vibration isolation system was designed for the diesel engines, the average noise reduction level achieved to 5 dB(A).
So the noise reduction measures for meeting room should be carried out.
The noise level in high frequency is reduced obviously after the treating and the average noise reduction level achieves to 7 dB(A).