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Restrained by the style of architectures, economic development, material and technique of that time, those buildings are too simple in styles and are too old to represent the image of Changchun.
References [1] Wang Gang, Shi Teimao, Ecological Expressing of Architecture Surface，Journal of Tianjin Institute of Urban Construction, 10（4）, 2004:232~236 [2] Lin Yucheng, Heat Preservation Technology and Energy Saving Materials for Outer Walls, Fujian Building Materials, 2,2006：232~233 [3] Wang Qingsheng, Technology for Outer Wall Heat Preservation in Present Architecture Energy Saving Modification, Construction Science and Technology, 2005．II：44~45 [4] Lu Di, Life and Death of Architecture---Research on Reutilization of Historic Architectures[M], Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 6, 2004 [5] Chang Qing, The Living Strategy of Architecture Inheritance---Designed Experiment for Protection and Utilization[M], Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 2003 [6] Zheng Lei, Surface and Energy Saving of Architectures, Chinese and Overseas Architecture, 2006(4)：92~93 [7] Xu Sujing, Esthetics in City Design, Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 2007 [8] Zhong Huanan, Zhang Qinnan

In recent years, researchers have developed a new class of DLC coating referred to as a-C:Me or Me-C:H coatings, in which the original a-C or a-C:H film is doped with additional metal materials in order to improve its adhesion strength and tribological properties [9-13].
The PCB (FR-4) specimens used in the drilling tests measured 410 x 500 x 1.66 mm and comprised eight copper layers bonded with a resin epoxy material reinforced with fiberglass.
Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Vol.27 (2009), p.421
[7] Yan Xingbin, Xu Tao, Chen Gang, Yang Shengrong, Liu Huiwen: Applied Surface Science Vol.236 (2004), p.328

To find the optimum setting parameters and grinding angle should take into account grinding inaccuracy, surface roughness, grinding allowance, workpiece material characteristics and dimensions, and abrasives material characteristics etc..
  Model of Wheel Wear in Accuracy Grinding Area of Quick-point Grinding A commonly used parameter to express resistance to wheel wear is the G ratio, which is defined as the volumetric ratio of material removal to the wheel wear [5].
In Quick-point grinding, the G ratio is certain, so the ratio of radial wheel wear volume per width sV to material removal amount per width wV  is a constant 1C .
Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the support of No. 50775032 by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Pop: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol. 45 (2005) No.10, pp.1120-1123

Analysis of the formation mechanism of hollow and cricoid stria in formed coke Mingjie Ma, Qunrun Liu and Shanxiu Huang School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo,China Mingjie8@163.com Key words: formed coke; hollow structure; cricoid stria; mechanism Abstract: Under certain experimental conditions, the formed coke with hollow and cricoid stria.
When a low-rank coal and Thin coal agent mixed coke material preparation, and bonding of coal and volatile to the index value is the coincidental change, if cooperate with coal needs to improve the bonding, then it must improve low coal metamorphic grade with proportion, meanwhile, cooperate with coal feeding of volatile matter index also increases accordingly.
The analysis of the mechanism of coke hollow and annular stripe conclusions to other coal-based mechanism of preparation of carbon materials also have important guiding significance.
Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 1998,19(5): 601-605.

The whole bridge structure model is shown in figure 2.And make the following basic assumptions: (1)The adhesives between strengthening layer and the original structure is good; (2) Keep flat material deformation; (3) Does not consider the stress of the steel bar.
Fig.2 Finite element model of Structural Material parameters.
Old main arch ring, abdomen arch ring, retaining wall and pier are composed by mortar rubble, increased cross sections adopt C30 concrete, material physical and mechanical indexes are as follows: (1)The main arch ring, abdomen arch ring, retaining wall, pier: E=5.61×109Pa.Thermal expansion coefficient: α=8.00E-06,fcd=2.67×106Pa,ftmd=3.00×105Pa; (2) Concrete of C30 that use to reinforce the main arch ring: E=3.00×1010Pa.Thermal expansion coefficient: α=1.00E-05,fcd=1.10×107Pa,ftmd=1.04×106Pa;fvd=2.09×106Pa.
Table2 The positive stress of old main arch before and after reinforcement（1×106Pa） The thickness of reinforced（m） Arch feet in small stake Before After 1/4Cross Before After 1/2 Cross Before After 3/4 Cross Before After Arch feet in large stake Before After Strength of materials 0.15 -1.49/0.02 -2.62 -0.71 -2.20 -0.31 -1.85 -0.69 -2.15 -1.39 -2.62 -2.67/0.3 0.17 -2.58 -2.02 -1.72 -2.00 -2.58 0.19 -2.46 -1.85 -1.65 -1.78 -2.46 0.21 -2.34 -1.63 -1.23 -1.61 -2.34 0.23 -2.28 -1.42 -1.14 -1.36 -2.28 0.25 -2.20 -1.20 -1.05 -1.17 -2.02 0.27 -2.08 -1.08 -1.03 -1.08 -2.08 0.29 -2.06 -1.06 -1.02 -1.03 -2.06 0.31 -2.04 -1.01 -1.00 -1.01 -2.04 0.33 -2.03 -1.00 -1.10 -0.95 -2.03 0.35 -2.11 -1.26 -1.18 -1.25 -2.11 Table 2 indicates that trend of the stress decrease quickly when the main arch ring thickness of reinforcement between 0.15 m to 0.25 m, and stress value decreasing trend is moderate between 0.25 m to 0.35 m, layer reinforcement effect is not
Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University: Natural science edition,2008,27（1）; 20- 23

· The material and geometrical behaviour of the pipe is linear and isotropic
Fig. 2. illustrates the crucial inputs for fatigue analysis which are: material properties, local stress properties and loading history.
RQC-100 steel material properties and pipe dimensions are shown in Table 1.
It can be concluded that the period of stress build-up takes longer time than stress damping period in the pipe's material for all simulated slug cases.
Sasanka, "Fatigue Life Prediction of a Parabolic Spring under Non-constant Amplitude Proportional Loading using Finite Element Method," International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 46 (2012) 143-156.

When the lining tensile stress caused by inertial force is more than ultimate tensile strength of lining material, the secondary lining will be cracking, spalling or even collapse.
Constitutive relationships of concrete and steel reinforcement use elastic material model.
Material parameter is given in Table 1.
[3] Information on http://www. cea.gov.cn [4] Tianbin Li: Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol.16 (2008), p. 742-750.
(in Chinese) [10] Weichang Qian, Kaiyuan Ye, in: Theory of Elastic Mechanics, China Science Press (1956).

In his study, he also mentions that in defining the position of a new product, three indexes as new material, new function and new purpose can serve as the course of research and development.
Therefore, in the creative design of bicycles, function and material are very important factors.
Chang’s study propose that the future development of bicycles can be divided into five categories: (1) Use of new materials, (2) Addition of new functions, (3) New riding ways, (4) Introduction of new electronic products, (5) Dedicated developed products depending on respective market requirements [6].
Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan, R.O.C) for supporting this research under grant NSC 97-2221-E-366-005 and MOST 103-2632-E-366-001.
Huang: Theory and Application on Module Design Model – Case Study on Bicycle, Journal of Industrial Design, 109 (2003) 127-134

In March 2012, the official website for eVolo – the American architectural journal - posted its listing of those architects awarded top tier in their annual Skyscraper Competition.
Fig. 4: LO2P Recycle Building (2011) by Julien Combes and Gaël Brulé Using the abandoned vehicles as the potential constructing material, the team designed a Ferris wheel-like structure with large carriages that contained plants and other natural organisms.
Or what kind of machines will be responsible for the transportation of materials to this region if current technology develops at a rate whereby its makes the requirements possible?
Although many of the submissions are not currently viable, due to the technological restrictions of modern science, some of the designs offered are achievable now.
New philosophies, new materials, new manufacturing techniques, new transportation methods and new space combinations (to name just a few) can offer an innovative approach to how we work.

Based on the actual material, it is found that the experiment result is higher than the calculated by the ASCE10-1997, In order to compare, dimensionless stability coefficient φ=P/Af can be used to illustrate the differences between the two, See Fig.2.
It should reduce the value of to lessen the distance from the transition curve, because the point A is higher than the transition curve, the mean of this distance is the residual stress and the drawback of the material.
when (8) When , with the enlargement of the , the strength of the plate is no longer relation to the material strength, control by the stability strength.
Acknowledgements The funding for this investigation was provided by National Natural Science Funds (Award Number 51178381).
Journal ofArchitecture and Civil Engineering, 2008, 25(2):71-78