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Typically used structures are from polymers or other soft materials with the main advantage of an inherent safety.
Fig. 1: Linear movement of an earthworm (left, 0) and agonist/antagonist setup of muscles (right, 0) To complement already studied materials like polymers, the research, discussed in this paper, investigates shape memory alloys (SMA) towards their applicability in soft robotics.
-G.; Schlegel, H.; Walther, M.; Zimmermann, P.; and Bucht, A.: New Concepts for distributed actuators and Their Control, Soft Robotics Transferring Theory to Application, Springer, pp 19-32, 2015 [4] Seok, S.; Onal, C.O.; Wood, R.; Rus, D.; and Kim, S.: Peristaltic locomotion with antagonistic actuators in soft robotics, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 2010 [5] Hino, T.; Maeno, T.: Development of a Miniature robot Finger with a Variable Stiffness Mechanism using Shape Memory Alloy, Queretaro, Mexico, 2004 [6] Newell, G.E.: The role of the coelomic fluid in the movements of earthworms, Journal of Experimental Biology, 27:110-122, 1950 [7] Menciassi, A.; Gorini, S.; Pernorio,G.; Dario,P.: A SMA Actuated Artificial Earthworm, IEEE Internaltional Conference on Robotics and Automation 2004 Proceedings ICRA 04 2004 4: 3282-3287 Vol.4 [8] Liu, C.Y.; Liao, W.H.: A Snake Robot Using Shape Memory Alloys, Proceedings of the IEEE, International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, Shenyang, China,
2004 [9] Cianchetti, M.; Arienti, A.; Follador, M.; Mazzolai, B.; Dario, P.; Laschi, C.: Design concept and validation of a robotic arm inspired by the octopus, Materials Science and Engineering C 31 (2011) 1230-1239 [10] Chou, C.P.; Hannaford, B.: Measurement and modeling of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles, IEEE Trans.

In the modeling process, there are some differences in the boundary conditions of calculation software, physical properties of materials and the operating state of the real bridge.
The initial finite element model is mainly explained as follows: (1)This article chooses solid45 element to simulate concrete material of box girder in order to better close the actual structure and observe each beam segment in the late prestressed and related load case , especially the stress distribution of zero beam segment.
(2) In order to study that prestressed reinforcement has an impact on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure, this article selects link8 unit to simulate longitudinal prestressing steel strand material ,and it uses the initial strain method to apply prestressed
It meets the changing trends of physical properties for concrete materials under the normal using.
Journal of applied mechanics, 2009,26(2):288-296,in chinese [6] Yi Bo Studios.ANSYSY 9.0 classic products advanced analysis techniques and instance details[M].

However, massive materials have to be removed from the forged cylinder of hydrogenation reactor in the process of rough machining.
With the optimal cutting parameters of v=50m/min, f=0.5mm/r, ap=1.2mm, the amount of material removal reached to the maximum in this study
Acknowledgements The projects are supported by National 863 Program (2009AA044302), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (2009ZRB01385) and University Self-innovation Program of Jinan.
Journal Harbin Univ.
ZHOU, Al2O3 based nanocomposite ceramic cutting tool material and its cutting performance.

The concrete material of the dam and was assumed to be homogeneous and linear-elastic.
Different constitutive models of material of concrete structures (i.e. concrete damage plasticity model) are usually applied in analyses of strong earthquakes [6, 7].
The assumed properties of material in three different zones are indicated in Table 1.
Dulinska: Importance of ground motion spatial variability effects on earth dam, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, vol. 05, no. 01 (2012), p. 1-9
Dulinska: Cooling tower shell under asynchronous kinematic excitation using concrete damaged plasticity model, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 535-536, 2013, Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, pp. 469-472, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.535-536.469.

In addition, under the situation that global resources and environmental problems become increasingly serious, we should vigorously advocate sustainable development and production of green material, so it is inevitable to wider use for recycled concrete [1].
Then, in turn, making nine test cubes size of 150mm×150mm×150mm test cube compressive strength and elastic modulus of materials.
Effects of constitutive relationship influents significantly finite element analysis, so for concrete materials use multiple linear model MISO, the ascent stage uses norms[13] of formula (1), and the descent stage uses Hongnestad formula (2); constitutive relation of joist rebar uses BKIN model.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51068004), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (11-cx-04).
Journal of Guangxi University, Vol. 38(2013), p.1, in chinese

Introduction Circular saw blade is a kind of important cutting tool used in the machining of stones, ceramics and other non-metal crisp and hard materials, which has some advantages such as high efficiency and high precision.
Layer damping material is copper alloy, damping loss factor is, and Poisson’s ratio is 0.3, the elastic modulus is.
Journal of Sound and Vibration,188(1995) 745-752
Sadhana-Academy Proceedings in Engineering Science, 38(3) 491-511 [5] Mingsong Zhang, Puxian Zhu, Jianjun Ke and Yikuan Zhu.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 444 (2013) 129-133 [6] W.Larbi, J-F.

INVESTIGATION ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF CAST AND EXTRUDE AZ61 MG ALLOYS IN NACL ATMOSPHERE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE TIAN YUN1, A *, FENG LIJUN2,B AND WANG TIANZHENG1,C 1 State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Research Institute of SEPC,Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China 2 State Grid Shanxi Electric Power dispatch and control center, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China atianyunlcgd@126.com, bdajun065@126.com, cwtz2000@163.com Keywords: Magnesium alloy, Cast, Extrude, AZ61, Corrosion ABSTRACT.WE CHOSE CAST AND EXTRUDE MAGNESIUM ALLOY AZ61 AS MATERIALS AND STUDIED THE INFLUENCES OF TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, PRESSURE AND NACL ATMOSPHERE ON THE CORROSION PRODUCTS AND CORROSION MECHANISM BY MEANS OF SEM, EDS AND XRD.
The change of microstructure influence the corrosion resistance of material.
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2004, pp. 1-29
Corrosion Science, 2011, pp. 1348-1361.

Ignore material and real shape, the bearing is converted to elastic connection. 1.
The material is defined as neoprene material, so the height should apply the thickness of neoprene. 2.
Elastomeric pad bearing is not homogeneous materials，so it is difficult to simulate.
Acknowledgement The research of this paper is supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation with an award numbered 8122030.
Journal of Structural Engineering 2000;126(2): 252–60

This news delights researchers involved in this material.
Imamura: Journal of IHI Technologies Vol. 48 (2008-9), p. 153
Schütze: Materials and Corrosion Vol. 46 (1995), p.271
Taniguchi: Materials and Corrosion Vol. 48 (1997), p.1
Miura: Materials Science and Technology Vol. 46 (2009), p. 32

Clean Energies and Architecture The history of man with architecture shows clear evidence in his respect for the environment and homogeneity with it, and this is what we find in Islamic architecture, and the legal and jurisprudential rulings it came with showing that the Islamic thought’s view of construction was not from a material angle only, but rather to preserve the environment and human life in The most general colleges and the most accurate details [6].
Renewable energy, especially solar energy, in the largest possible quantity [12] It is noted that with the increase in scientific knowledge of climate sciences and the nature of materials, it has become possible to design buildings to meet the maximum energy needs of their users using renewable natural energies. 4.
Traditional Architecture and Clean Energies: Traditional architecture abounds with a lot of vocabulary, architectural treatments and planning methods that contributed to creating an interior environment that achieves thermal comfort for users, which reduces heating and cooling costs in the case of reliance on industrial means in addition to relying on local building materials that reduce transportation and manufacturing energy [10] and that the success of Traditional architecture is the product of a logical response to the resources available in the environment, climatic factors, and community needs, and the call to return to traditional architecture emerged.
Organic Formation The adoption of efficient formal guidance and the adoption of formal cohesion (Fig. 5), the principle of using median yards in the formal formations (Fig. 6), the adoption of locally available materials, and the reduction of depth ratios in the formal building [17] in addition to the different architectural formations characterized by the diversity of openings From one floor to another in terms of surface and formation and according to the different function of each space and the gradation in the sizes of spaces and spaces and the diversity of their forms [15].
[17] Deeb and Muhanna, Ri. and Muhanna S,Planning for Development, Damascus University Journal of Engineering Sciences, Issue One, Volume 25, pg.491, 2009