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The investigation was carried out utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have demonstrated potential as a viable method for prognosticating system performance.
Yaseen et al. (2017) [4] presented a paper that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the thermal and fluid properties of three-layer microchannel heat sinks.
Simulations of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were used to conduct the study.
Simulations of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were used to carry out the study.

However, CFD simulation ,as inseparable part of engine design, has helped researchers and engineers to overcome these problems.
Engine designers take advantage of CFD simulations to develop better understanding of different stages of engine cycle to be able to make engines satisfy stringent emission and fuel consumption standards[3].
The mesh that is used in the CFD simulation is shown in Fig.2 The mesh is generated by ICEM-CFD.
Validation of CFD model B.
Amount of CO emission at the end of engine cycle Conclusion A CFD simulation of whole engine cycle is presented using KIVA-3V.

The device operation was modeled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). 
To assure the validity of the simulation results, a grid-convergence test was carriedout (FIG. 2).
The values for the parameters used in the simulation are presented in Table 1.
CFD simulations of the action of this device demonstrated it is capable of lowering the pressure gradients above the region where the draining funnel occurs,delayingthe dragging of the slag into the funnel, thus, reducing the critical draining height.
Mathematical Simulation of Fluid Dynamics during Steel Draining Operations from Ladle.

Numerical Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Steam Turbine Valve Disc Dongyue Qua, Zhongyuan Guob and Chong Liuc College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China aqudongyue@hrbeu.edu.cn, bguozhongyuan@live.com, cliuchong@hrbeu.edu.cn Keywords: numerical simulation; CFD; fluid analysis; large eddy simulation Abstract.
Therefore, it is necessary to theoretical calculation and qualitative analyses the flow field of valve by the numerical simulation method.
Research using CFD methods, in order to obtain detailed information on the complexity of the internal valve flow, and to study valve stem axial force on this basis.
CFD method was used to obtain detailed information on the complex flow in valve, which contributes the research on the problem of valve stem axial force.
Numerical simulation of the valve flow channel is done with full 3D N - S equation, using Realizable turbulence model and large eddy simulation model.

Research Progress of Simulation on the Flow Field in Anaerobic Reactor Qin Zhang1, a, Qiang Li2, b and Jia Tang3,c 1Chongqing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Ranjiaba flag Road No. 252, Yubei District, Chongqing city, 401147, China 2 Chongqing Academy of Environmental Sciences, Ranjiaba flag Road No. 252, Yubei District, Chongqing city, 401147, China 3 Chongqing University, Sand Road No. 83, Shapingba District, Chongqing city, 400045, China aemail：zhangqin918@126.com Keywords: Anaerobic Reactor, Flow Field, Numerical Simulation, CFD, Progress in the Research.
It is often studied by numerical simulation.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a numerical study flow method control in the flowing numerical simulation methods [3].
Fluent is the most popular commercial CFD software, to simulate the flow, heat transfer, and chemical reactions and other physical phenomena, is widely used in engineering.
CFD simulation of mechanical draft tube mixing in anaerobic digester tanks[J].Water Research, 2009 (43):1040-1050.

CFD-ACE+ and MALT2 software packages were used in the present calculation.
Simulation Method A numerical simulation was carried out in three steps as follows.
Commercially available software CFD-ACE+ (http://www.esi-group.com/ SimulationSoftware/CFD_ACE/ ) was used under a two dimensional model.
But the surface reaction cannot be solved in the equilibrium reaction model by CFD-ACE+ and thus we tried to use the gas phase reaction model.
The Eq.(1) was set in CFD-ACE+ using user's subroutine programs.

In this process, CFD simulations in ANSYS-Fluent were used to study and optimise the coolant flow in CCCs.
Flow simulation in ANSYS-Fluent 4.
As an intermediate step in the design, the CFD results can be used to test for possible problems and to trial modifications before proceeding to complete simulations of the entire mould.
The CFD simulations were performed using Finite Volume method (FVM) to solve the Navier-Stokes equations in ANSYS-Fluent.
CFD simulations in ANSYS-Fluent were performed to evaluate flow dynamics and distribution in the CCCs.

In this paper, the hull resistance of AUV is calculated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent.
Resistance Calculation In this section, hull resistance is calculated for an AUV with the Myring shape using the commercial CFD software FLUENT.
Figure 2 The geometrical model used in the simulation.
The hull resistance is numerically calculated using the commercial CFD package FLUENT.
(m/s) ΔDαv /Eαv Figure 3 Comparison between the simulation results and the experimental data: where ∆Dαv/Eαv denotes the error in percentage, Eαv denotes the experimental data, and Dαv denotes the simulation results.

To analyze the phenomenon, the thermal environment of a typical urban residential subdistrict is simulated by using CFD techniques considering the affects of different type of wall material.
The simulation data are carefully analyzed.
Finally, simulation results show that wall materials affect the environment considerably.
Numerical simulation is based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), on the basis of fluid mechanics and heat transfer by solving equations, using computer graphics image intuitively describe space flow field physical parameters, such as wind speed, temperature, etc.
Simulation Conditions.

Commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT is used to simulate the heat dissipation process during battery discharge using PCM and traditional forced air cooling methods.
CFD simulation model under PCM conditions In order to get a sound view of the heat dissipation process under PCM cooling condition, CFD simulation is performed using commercial software ANSYS FLUENT.
Simulation comparison In order to make a comparison between the cooling effect of PCM and forced air conditions, CFD simulation is performed with the aide of ANSYS FLUENT.
A simulation model of a 12-cells (18650) battery pack is established.
A virtual air passage with its size of 100mm*120mm*100mm is added in the simulation process to form a uniform wind field.