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They are the best candidates because, if it is decided to mine T tons of total material at the end of a phase, mining the geologically optimum pit corresponding to T is certainly better than mining any other pits of the same total tonnage.
Acknowledgement This study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and by the Doctoral Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education.
[5] FRIMPONG S, ASA E, SZYMANSKI J, International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment. 16(2002 )134–143
[7] Information on http//interfaces.journal.informs.org/cgi/reprint/inte.1090.0492v1
[9] RAMAZAN S, European Journal of Operations Research. 172(2007)1153–1166

Joseph, Cavitation and the state of stress in a flowing liquid, In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 366 (1998) 367-378
Saleem, Effect of Tooth Geometry on Gear Pump Performance, In: Tikrit Journal of Eng.
Sciences, Vol.16, No.4 (2009) 20-27
Molnar, SAP warehouse management system for a warehouse of auxiliary material in the selected company, in: Carpathian Logist.
Krile, One Unequal Error Control Method for Telemetric Data Transmission, In: Journal of Electrical Engineering (JEEEC), Bratislava, Slovakia, Vol. 62, No. 3 (2011) 166-170

The commonly accepted advantages of hardware performance and energy economy, achieved due to reduced operating temperatures, are universally positive for all alloys and include lower energy consumption, no handling of liquid metal, longer die life, better yield from the raw material due to lower oxidation, evaporation and fewer other losses related to melt overheating.
In contrast, a lower liquid content within the semisolid slurry reduces shrinkage porosity, which not only improves the material properties, but also allows achieving nearnet shape capabilities.
Czerwinski, Assessing Capabilities of Thixomolding System in Semisolid Processing of Magnesium Alloys, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, vol. 16, 2003, 389-396. 2.
Czerwinski, The Processing Phenomena of Semisolid Mg-9%Al-1%Zn Alloy at Ultra High Contents of the Unmelted Phase, Materials Science & Engineering A, vol. 392, issue 1-2, 2005, 51-61. 3.

The main functions of this system are that the user puts forward his request for information service to the digital library according to his own research field and need for information, that the specialist service module solves the request by intelligent retrieval and screening and organizes the digital resources and other contents, and that the personalized page is tendentiously customization at last and the content is shown Along with the development of digital libraries, digital resources are increasing daily, but as a lot of users are not familiar with the searching methods or technology of different database resources, it is a more difficult process for users to find their necessary materials from the database of the libraries.
Reference materials [1] LIU Jia-ling, FAN Jun: Data Preprocessing in Web Log Mining Based on User Access Tree.
Computer Science Vol.43-9(2009), p. 154-210, [2] XU Shu-hua, JIANG Wen: Design of information integration platform in enterprise based on web service.
Computer Engineering and Design Vol.28-15(2007), p. 3563 [6] Liu Bochao, Ma Xiaoxuan,Ge Sheng, et al:Research and implementations on web services-based service-oriented softwarearchitecture.Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Vol.23-11(2004)p. 263.

Electrical heater and phrase changing materials were used for periodically changing temperature environment.
Vacuum Evaporation and Condensation Rates Volatile Condensable Materials.
Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, vol. 29, no. 5 (2009), p. 31

Through literature materials review we can get to know [4] the main effect of Cl− ion penetrating into concrete on reinforcement corrosion: 1) Destroy passivation membrane: Microscopic testing experiment shows that partial acidification of Cl− ion can reduce PH of reinforcement surface to the extent of lower than 4, and then destroy passivation membrane.
Organization of the Text Experimental Conditions and Process Experimental materials.
Corrosion of carbon steel pipes and tanks by concentrated sulfuric acid：A review.Corrosion Science.58,1-11,(2012) [2] Sunyong Kim, Dan M.
Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, (2007) [5] Zhu Jichao, Durability analysis of the reinforced concrete bridges under chloride ion environment.Journal of Hunan University.(2008) [6] GB/T50082-2009 Ordinary Concrete long-term performance and durability experimental standard. (2009) [7] Yu Zhang,Bo Meng,Long Liu.

To solve these problems, material hybrid structure utilizing aluminum alloy and steel is recently being studied [1~2].
As shown in Fig.6, at the aluminum alloy side, there are three zones of hardness variability, which are Al base material, Al heat affected coarse grain zone and fine grain zone, whose average hardness are 1.17, 1.25 and 1.30GPa respectively.
At the SPCC side, the center of plate, the maximum hardness obtained is 3.74GPa, and that is 1.7 times as high as that of SPCC base material.
Fig.6 Distributions of hardness across the interface Fig.7 Hardness of Fe2Al5 layer · Al base material, coarse grain zone, 　　　　　　 (10.5kA×0.4s) 　　 fine grain zone(10.5kA×0.4s) 3.2.2 Tensile shear strength The relationship of welding time and tensile shear strength was introduced in this section.
[2] Kiyokazu Mori: Journal of JSAE. 61 (20 07) pp. 13-17

On one side, it appears as artworks in planning and building up the material form of city public space, on the other side, more importantly, public art constructs urban humanities through applying material carriers, actions and events.
It can also be characteristic teaching materials for the public.
Journal of northwest university (philosophy and social sciences edition), 2011, 41 (5) [5] Feng-yan Zhang.

Reliability Analysis of Relevant Radom Variables in Pedestrian Evacuation Study in Underground Transportation Hub Dong-fu ZHAO a *, Xiao-lin ZHANG b and Yu SU c Beijing Research Center for Engineering Structures and New Materials, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, P.R.China azhaodongfu@bucea.edu.cn, bzhangxiaolinttxs@126.com, csuyu0215@sina.cn Keywords: Reliability; Correlation; Transport Hub; Personnel Evacuating Abstract: In this study reliability theory was applied in evacuation time of pedestrians in the subway, especially taking the correlation of pedestrian speed and pedestrian flow coefficient into account.
Structural reliability analysis：methods and procedures[M].Science press，2009 [6] Robert.
Fire safety evacuation reliability analysis based on computer simulation[J].Journal of disaster prevention and mitigation engineering.2009，29(4)
Fire and Materials. 2006，30(4): 285-309

., Characterisation and engineering properties of tectonically undisturbed but lithologically varied sedimetray rock masses (2005) International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 42 (2005), pp 277-285
Problems of sub-mountain area development associated with collapsing loess soils (case of Tajikistan) (2014) Applied Mechanics and Materials.
Highly compacted and reinforced soil beds as an efficient method to build artificial foundation based on weak soils. (2014) Applied Mechanics and Materials.