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There was considerable scatter in the hardness data, with values deviating by ±10 HV from the average (Fig. 5a).
To ensure that the scatter was not caused by localized Al2O3 particles, Rockwell hardness (HRB) data was also obtained (Fig. 5b), and it was observed that the hardness was in the 80~90 HRB range, with a significant reduction in the scatter.
Although the tensile properties of these composites are affected by a number of concurrent and mutually interactive influences, several insights can be drawn from the data.
Thirdly, Figure 18 shows that, despite considerable scatter in the data, the yield and tensile strengths of the pure Al composites with comparable volume fraction of particulate generally increases with decreasing particle size.
It should be noted that the data for particle sizes below 100 nm correspond to materials with a fairly low volume fraction of particulate and even in this case an increase in the strength can be seen with an increase in particulate volume fraction.

Improvement in the distribution of residual stress is achieved through the forced cooling of the outside flange or reduction of the temperature differences on the final rolling cross-sections.
Fig.11 Result of Flange Cutting at End Zone Reduction of Residual Stress in Hot Rolled H-beams Controlled Cooling’s Effect on Residual Stress In this paper, two cases of forced cooling on the flange outside surface are calculated.
Temperature Distribution’s Impact on Residual Stress Two cases of temperature difference reduction are calculated.
Assume that, the reduction of 50K and 100K of the maximum final rolling temperature in the cross section of H-beam does not change the overall distribution of the temperature profile of the state.
Acknowledgement The author thanks Livermore Software Technology Corp. for providing the demonstration license of LS-DYNA and Laiwu Iron & Steel Group Ltd. for providing valuable data.

Significant reduction of carbon footprint of the construction industry is achieved through the use of composite Portland cements.
Introduction Significant potential for reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by the concrete sector is realized through achievements in the cement science.
A highly efficient superplasticizer MasterGlenium ACE 430 (Producer – BASF) – polycarboxylate ether (PCE) – with the nano-designed molecular chains – was used as a modifier in order to increase strength through significant reduction of water- to- cement ratio (W/C).
Additional 3 % NS by weight results in considerable reduction of the value of water bleeding (Кw=8.6 %).
According to the data of TG, the weight loss of the cement paste with the complex three-component additive NS-Na2SO4-PCE within the temperature range of up to 400 °C after 1 day of hardening has increased by 3.5 %, which is associated with the formation of the larger quantities of C-S-H phases.

The given devices exhibit an on-state voltage drop (VF) reduction from 1.78 V to 1.62 V at 6 A rated current while maintaining blocking capabilities of more than 1.1 kV with leakage currents less than 1 µA at 650 V nominal voltage.
Wafer thinning and laser annealing in general lead to an average reduction of forward voltage drop from 1.78 V to 1.62 V at 6 A rated current, as shown and highlighted in Fig. 4, referred to the devices being located within the facet region.
As this affects the breakdown voltage by not more than approx. 10 V, which corresponds to less than 1 % of the total breakdown capability, this effect cannot directly be correlated to substrate thinning with the present data.
In brief, backgrinding also allows for a reduction in the effect of the facet region on forward voltage drop and is suitable to tighten the voltage drop distribution across the wafer along with an overall reduction of forward voltage drop in SiC JBS diodes.

Through the data with Matlab simulation effective, is that the wavelet analysis used in blast furnace fan axis of the fault diagnosis of feasibility.
(3) Using this method you can implement on-line fault diagnosis for blower, effective prediction and detection of faults occurring parts, improving the accuracy of wind turbine testing, forced outage rate reduction, reduced maintenance time, provide economic benefits.
Application of wavelet analysis in signal noise reduction.

Various sets of real data (forty accelerograms) records were applied at the bedrock level to assess model’s dynamic response for different earthquake scenarios.
Various sets of real data (forty accelerograms) were used to assess model’s dynamic response for different earthquake scenarios.
Various sets of real data (forty accelerograms) are used to assess dynamic response for different earthquake scenarios.
Hysteretic damping is added to this model by fitting a tangent-modulus function curve to the (G/Gmax) versus strain data, as shown in (Fig. 9).
Various sets of real data (forty accelerograms) are used to assess model’s dynamic response for different earthquake scenarios.

The importance of the interaction means that the ability of contact stress in crack ratio reduction depends on the level of punch velocity.
But the reduction of the rack ratio was limited in the case that only the blank holder force (FB) increased [7].
The optimal value of the output can be predicted by the regression model which fitting the experimental data.
The input data for the regression model were translated into code variables from their original units [17].
It means that although the punch velocity had the least effect on crack ratio reduction, the trend of crack ratio was heavily influenced by the punch velocity, which is the result of interaction between the contact stress and the punch velocity.

ANN generated a network between inputs and output with the entered test data.
The experimental data are trained by using the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm.
Sufficient accuracy on the test data set or the maximum number of iteration whichever first activated is adopted for the model.
It is recorded that the training is optimized at fifth iterations i.e. sufficient accuracy of test data is achieved shown in Fig. 8.
The FFB is applied with a few data to check the suitability of ANN in the ISF Process too.

To validate the model, the experimental data and computed curves of effective stress and grain size were compared.
The reason is that neck reduction takes place before the tension failure.
The data mainly includes the grain growth/refinement data, initial grain size, and stress-strain relationships at different forming conditions.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Fig.3 Comparison of experimental data (symbols) with calculated data (solid curves) of stress and grain size for different strain rates and temperatures.
The predicted results from the damage constitutive equations were validated through the comparison with experimental data.

The coated fiber bundles showed a reduction of the maximum tensile load to 90.0 % for the BN/Si3N4 and to 86.7 % for the BN/SiC coating in comparison to the fiber bundle in the as-received state.
A thermal treatment of the coated fiber bundles up to 1650 °C led to no reduction of their maximum tensile load.
The maximum tensile loads of the coated fiber bundles showed no significant reduction after the temperature treatments (Fig. 3).
The data point of HNS2 at 1650 °C was confirmed by several repetitions of the test.
The coated fiber showed a maximum reduction in the tensile load of 13.3 % in comparison to the SiC fiber bundle in the as-received state.