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Development of Fracture Assessment Standards in Japan with Weibull Stress Fumiyoshi Minami 1, a 1 Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JAPAN aminamil@mapse.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp Keywords: ISO 27306, WES 2808, equivalent CTOD ratio, Weibull stress, constraint loss correction Abstract.
In this model, the Weibull stress, σW, defined by Eq. 1 is used as the fracture driving force of ferritic materials
[5] ISO 27306: 2009, Metallic materials – Method of constraint loss correction of CTOD fracture toughness for fracture assessment of steel components
Okabayashi, Journal of Construction Steel, 3 (1995) 387–394 (in Japanese)
Ohata, International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 21 (2011) 129–140

Demands for accurate information on the friction coefficient increased at the moment when manufacturers of stamping parts started to use simulation methods for prediction of sheet formability, also to apply new high-strength materials and materials with special surface treatments.
The friction coefficient f1,2 for experimental materials calculated according to Eq. (2) was f1,2 = 0.108 with R2 = 0.999 for DX54D and f1,2 = 0.131 with R2 = 1 for RAK 40/70 steel.
Exploring efficiency of tool coating via deep drawing of cylindrical cups, MM Science Journal 6 (2008) 20-23
[15] Schrek A., Švec P., Brusilová A., Gábrišová Z., Simulation process deep drawing of tailor welded blanks DP600 and BH220 materials in tool with elastic blankholder, Strojnicky Casopis, 68, (2018) 95-102
F., Influence of the plastic anisotropy modelling in the reverse deep drawing process simulation, Materials and Design 60 (2014), 368-379

Since the temperature reaches high values, a zone containing melted metallic materials appears.
The sizes of the operating parameters were set by considering the materials and the dimensions of the parts to be welded.
It is known that by means of the Vickers micro hardness, changes in structure of metallic materials can be identified.
Davies, Materials for Automobile Bodies - 2nd Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, ISBN: 9780080969794 (2012) pp. 242-244
Biro, Microstructure and fracture characteristics of spot-welded DP600 steel: submitted to Materials Science and Engineering A 485, (2008) 334–346

Thus, the relation is useful for estimating stress intensity for time-dependant creep materials.
In particular, it is useful for newly developed materials.
From the viewpoint of engineering design, because the error for 105 hr is not large and is regarded as conservative, it is thus believed that the creep work-time relation can be used as a useful method for estimating the stress intensity for creep materials and particularly for newly developed materials.
Journal Pressure Vessels and Piping, 78 (1998) p.939 7.
Hertzberg, Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1976) p.175

The parameters for cable force measurement (such as the geometric and material parameters of cables) usually come from design drawings and construction fields, and some experiments may be performed to get them when necessary.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2013M540656) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, South China University of Technology (No.2013ZB0023).
Wang: Practical formula for cable tension estimation by vibration method, Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol.17, No.1 (2012), p.161-164 [2] B.H.
Park: Estimation of cable tension force using the frequency-based system identification method, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol.304, No.3-5 (2007), p.660-676 [3] J.C.
Lardner: Experimental determination of frequencies and tension for elastic cables, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol.124, No.10 (1998), p.1067-1072 [4] John, H.G.

The material used for cylinder and ring is steel with Young’s modulus, density and Poisson’s ratio.
References [1] Ruotolo.R, A comparison of some thin shell theories used for the dynamic analysis of stiffened cylinders, Journal of Sound and Vibration. 243 (2001) 847-860
[3] MENG Xianju, ZHANG Ce, QING Guanghui, Vibration characteristics analysis of stiffened cylindrical shell, Journal of Vibration Engineering. 18(2005) 36-40
[4] X.B.LI, Energy method for free vibration analysis of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells, Journal of Ship Mechanics. 5 (2001) 73-81
[7] ZHU Changqing, YAO Hong, Linear algebra study and problem-solving instruction, Science Press, Beijing, 2000

According to the phenomenon, in process of injecting artificial-interlayer, because pressure drop occurs around well bore and material balance relationship of reservoir, so interlayer is injected, oil-interlayer interface becomes deformed and presents a downward bend shape.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by National natural science foundation project（50874023） References [1] Hou Jun et al.
Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.A.
Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an ,China, 2006, 3(21): 23-27
Journal of Petroleum. 1998, 1(91):81-90

A Comparative Research on Thermal Stresses Calculated from Different Element Models of a Concrete Continuous Box-Girder Bridge Feng Xu1,a, Bo Wang 2,b, Hailong Zhang3,c 1,2,3 School of Civil Engineering & Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology,Wuhan 430074 CHINA a xufeng1979917@163.com, bwangbohust@126.com, czhhlhust@163.com Keywords: concrete continuous box-girder, gradient temperature load, thermal stress, beam element, solid element.
Fig. 5 Removal of Redundant Constraints Fig. 6 Removal of Redundant Constraints Results After the models were applied with the same positive and negative temperature difference load and were constrained determinately and indeterminately, total thermal stress and self-restraint thermal stress were calculated respectively, with the same material properties, such as elastic modulus (3.45×104MPa), poisson ratio (0.2) and thermal expansion coefficient (1×10 －5/°C).
Ghali, in: Thermal Stresses and Cracking of Concrete Bridges, Journal of the America Concrete Institute(ACI) Vol.83, No.6(1986), p. 1001-1009 [2] R.
Froli, in: Statistical Analysis of Thermal Actions on a Concrete Segmental Box-girder Bridge, Journal of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) Vol.10, No.1(2000), p. 111-116 [3] Ministry of Communication of the People's Republic of China: General Code for Design of Highway Bridge and Culverts (JTG D62-2004) (China Communications Press, Beijing 2004) [4] American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO): LRFD bridge design specifications (2004), 3rd Ed., Washington, D.C
Froli, in: The Temperature Effect Analysis of a Long-span Prestressed Concrete Continuous Bridge, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Vol.29, No.2(2007), p. 110-113

And also, it is right to forbid throwing household garbage and domestic sewage discharge, and trying to avoid bituminous material, and polluting water by gasoline in the couse of transportation.
[3] Gu xiaoxu,Li zhulong,We wei,Li ting, Research in Construction of Harmonious Color with Circumstance in Highway Architecture[J], Journal of South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology,pp.157-160
[7] Li zhulong, Wu hanmin,Zhang jinzhao,New Scientific Research on Qinghai-xizang Highway Engineering[J], Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,the Fourth International Conference on the Frozen Ground Academic ,2000,pp.48-52
[8] Zhang jinzhao, Li zhulong, Wu hanmin, History of Study on Road Building Techniques in Permafrost Region of Plateau [J], Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1999(2),pp.187-191.

The material of test pieces is aluminium alloy.
Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this present work by the Important National Science & Technology Specific Projects of China (2009ZX04001-073-03).
References [1] Nayak PR: Transactions ASME Journal of Lubrication Technology, Vol. 93 (1971), pp.398-407
[6] A.L.Wang,C.X.Yang: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 38 (2002) No.5, pp.80-85.
(In Chinese) [10] Ge SR: Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, Vol. 28 (1999) No.3, pp.204-207.