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The definition of peat varies between soil science and engineering as well as different countries.
It is consists of undecomposed fibrous organic materials, easily identifiable and extremely acidic meanwhile sapric peat contains highly decomposed materials.
Materials and Methods Some past research had been reviewed to provide rationale data of the study and to give some information on the physical properties of the peat soil.
Soil Science, 165, (2002) pg. 479-486
Islam, , A model study to determine engineering properties of peat soil and effect on strength after stabilization, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2008) pg. 205-215.

Some researchers studied to manufacture new ceramic materials or the inorganic fibers using the molten slag for increasing the additional value [7-11].
Acknowledgements We appreciate financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2012BAE09B02, 2012BAE09B03).
Jchn: The fabrication of glass-ceramic materials based on blast furnace slag-a review, Journal of the Canadian Ceramic Society, Vol.45, (1976), p. 63-67 [8] A.
Maccari, et al: New materials from industrial and wastes: glass–ceramics and glass- and rock-wool Fiber, Int J Miner Process, Vol.53, (1998), p.121-134 [9] T.
Chen: Numerical Simulation of line puff via RNG k-ε model, Communication of Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, Vol.16 (4), (1996), p.15-19

Influences of adding aluminum on inclusions in H13 steel through P–ESR WANG Fei1,a, CHEN Xi–chun2,b and GUO Han–jie1 1School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2Department of High Temperature Materials, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China awangf0485@qq.com, bchenxichun@189.cn Keywords: H13 hot working die steel; inert gas protection electroslag remelting; aluminum deoxidation; oxide inclusion.
Jihe: Journal of Materials Science and Technology, Vol.5, No.4, 235-246, 1989
Sichen: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 1-13, 2011

Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications Fabrication of an Anode-Supported Sofc with a Sol-Gel Coating Method for a Mixed-Gas Fuel Cell Nguyen Xuan Phuong Vo, Sung Pil Yoon*, Suk Woo Nam, Jonghee Han, Tae-Hoon Lim and Seong-Ahn Hong Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea *Corresponding author : spyoon@kist.re.kr Keywords: anode-supported SOFC, sol-gel coating method, thin electrolyte, SDC thin film.
However, material problems associated with the high operating temperature (1000℃), which include electrode sintering, gas tight sealing, interfacial diffusion between the electrode and electrolyte, mechanical stress due to different thermal expansion coefficients of the cell components, and a limited choice of expensive interconnects, give rise to recent attention towards the prospect of SOFCs being operated at reduced temperatures (500-800 ℃ ).
The working mechanism of the mixed-gas fuel cell is based on the difference in the catalytic activity for the oxidation of the fuel between two electrode materials: one material catalyzes the fuel oxidation to form the synthesis gas while the other is inactive to this reaction [3].
To make a Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) sol for the electrolyte materials, an appropriate amount of Sm(NO3)3.6H2O from Aldrich (99.9% purity) and commercial ceria sol from Alfa Aesar (20% in water) were dissolved at an atomic molar ratio of Sm:Ce = 2:8 in distilled water and ethanol.
Sano: Science Vol. 288 (2000), p. 2031

Experimental Materials.
Guar gum (GG, food grade, MW 220,000, Wuhan Tianyuan Biology Co., China), Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA, AR, Guangzhou Sunlake Trading Co., Ltd., China), trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMPTGE, industrial grade, Taizhou Whaley Synthetic Materials Co., Ltd., China) and ammonium persulfate (APS, AR, Xi'an Chemical Reagent Factory, China) were used directly.
Acknowledgement This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21202076), Special Doctorial Funds of the Ministry of Education of China (No. 20110211120015), Natural Science Funds of Hubei Province (No. 2014CFB783), Scientific Research Funds of Wuhan Institute of Technology (No.
Kabiri, Advances in non-hygienic applications of superabsorbent hydrogel materials.
Babazadeh, Preparation and Properties of Carrageenan-g-Poly (Acrylic Acid)/Bentonite Superabsorbent Composite, Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2 (2011) 311-317

International Journal Computational Civil and Structural Engineering.
Materials of VII International scientific conference.
Moscow: Science, 1981
Software implementation of the algorithm the statistical straggling of the mechanical properties of materials in the design of structures.
Advanced Materials Research, vol.684, pp.106-110, Trans Tech Publication, Switzerland, 2013.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Void Structures in Vitreous Silica Yuanfa Ding1, a, Zhimin Guo2,b, Xiangdong Su1,c*, Yue Zhang3,d 1Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550001, PR China 2Beijing Sinoma Synthetic Crystals Co., Ltd., Beijing 100018, PR China 3School of Materials and Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China ayfding@sina.com, bguozhm@126.com, csuxiangdong01@sina.com, dzhangy@buaa.edu.cn * Corresponding author: X.D.
Introduction Highly pure vitreous silica is a typical heat-resistant material.
In addition, this material has excellent electrical and optical properties.
Therefore, it is often served as multifunctional material at extremely high temperature.
Warren: Journal of Applied Crystallography Vol. 2 (1969), p. 164

The application of the method of baroextraction in a static mode made it possible to increase the yield of pectic substances and oligosaccharides for all studied types of raw materials.
Figure 1 - Device for Bfr 1 - extraction column; 2 - filter; 3 - heating element; 4 - injection pump; 5 - raw materials; 6, 7, 8 - vessels with solutions for pretreatment, hydrolysis extraction and washing; 9 - valve for steam release; 10 - pressure sensor; 11 - temperature sensor; 12 - container for collecting the extract; 13 - pectin solution.
Narain, Polymer Science and Nanotechnology Fundamentals and Applications, Elsevier, 2020 [2] S.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68 (46) (2020) 12993-13000 [4] S.
Natural and technical sciences, N 3 (2020) 91-97

Characterization of Rheological Property of Mucoadhesive Polymeric Sol-Gel in the Presence of Black Ginger Kaempferia parviflora Extract SIRIPORN Taokaew1,a, NATTANICH Wattanaphraya2,b, and WORAWUT Kriangkrai2,c* 1Department of Materials Science and Technology, School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan 2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand a t.siriporn@mst.nagaokaut.ac.jp, bcloudnine141@gmail.com, cwg.kriangkrai@gmail.com Keywords: Rheological property, sol-gel transition, gel point, Kaempferia parviflora, mucoadhesion Abstract.
Materials and Methods Materials The base polymer Eudragit E100Ò (Evonik, Germany) and the mucoadhesive polymers, which were hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, Nippon Soda, Japan), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, Shin-Etsu Chemical, Japan), Poloxamer 407 (BASF, Canada), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K90 (Fluka, Switzerland) were kindly supplied by Jebsen & Jessen Ingredients, Thailand.
Karolewicz, A review of polymers as multifunctional excipients in drug dosage form technology, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 24 (2016) 525-536.

Generally, these methods require expensive and sophisticated equipments, such as vacuum and preparation of target materials.
Therefore, it is important to develop new processing material methods with low costs and simple technology to prepare ITO thin films.
Journal of Synthetic Crystals. 2006, 35(2): 272-275
Materials Science and Engineering B.(2009)282-285
Yunnan: Kunming university of science and technology. (2009)1-7