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Preparation and Characterization of PVA-mSA/mCS Bipolar Membrane Hong Fang XIE1, Yan Chun XIAO1, Mei Zhen ZHOU1, Shuang CHEN1, Zhen CHEN1,2* (1Department of Chemistry, Ningde Normal University, Ningde Fujian 352100, China 2College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007) Key words: Dopping, inorganic nano-materials, Bipolar membrane, Modification, Characterization Abstract: Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) was blent with sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CS) respectively in order to enhance flexibility and compatibility of bipolar membrane(BPM).
The structure near the junction region seems more compact than other parts of the BPM and the thickness of the BPM is 82.8μm, the intermediate layer is less than 5nm.
The big drops have been found during temperature above 148.8◦C, which correspond to disruption of the polymer structure.

Usher2,f, Renwu Zhang1,g* 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA 2Department of Physics, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA aguzmf303@coyote.csusb.edu, btranj315@coyote.csusb.edu, cKCousins@csusb.edu, dPDixon@csusb.edu, eDCSmith@csusb.edu, fTUsher@csusb.edu, gRZhang@csusb.edu Keywords: croconic acid, ferroelectricity, defects, positron annihilation Abstract.
Introduction Ferroelectric materials are of great interest due to their application in electronic devices, energy harvesting and non-linear optics, etc.1 Several years ago, Horiuchi et al found that the single crystal of croconic acid (C5O5H2) exhibits a large ferroelectric spontaneous polarization (~ 20 mC/cm2).2 The large polarization depends on the following two facts: the acentric crystal structure with space group Pca21, requiring only proton exchange for polarization reversal, and the fact that the proton exchange occurs in cooperative manner between adjacent molecules in which hydrogen bonds already exist, prior to application of an external potential.
Therefore, it is anticipated that defects in the crystal will break both the symmetry of the crystal structure and the hydrogen bond chains between adjacent molecules, thus resulting in a measurable change in the spontaneous polarization.
Stupp, Supramolecular ferroelectrics, Nature Chemistry 7 (2000) 281-294

Therefore, the interests of many researchers are attracted to investigate on controlling of SnO2 nanoparticles size, morphology and structure in recent years.
Cheetham, Nanomaterials Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co.
Cheetham, Nanomaterials Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co.
The results of XRD show the structure of all samples is tin oxide.

Effects of Ultrasonic Technology on Functional Properties of Peanut Proteins Yue Shao1,a, Xianglong Liu2,b, Hong Shao*2,c, Yunjiao Li2 1College of Chemistry and chemical engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121000, China; 2School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China) ashaoyue0416@163.com, bwestdragon_1@163.com, chj8983@163.com Keywords: Ultrasonic waves, Peanut protein, Functional properties Abstract.
The reason may be the fact that the ultrasonic cavitations effect makes the structure of the protein molecules become loose, and the side chain which is buried in the inner of the protein ball-shaped molecules dissociates, and the no polar groups which is in the inner of the molecule originally are exposed to the molecular surface, thus it increases the oil absorption of the peanut protein.
But when the time of the ultrasonic wave treatment is more than 8min, the structure of the protein molecule gets loosened, making the hydrophobic group which is in the inner of the molecule originally are exposed to the molecular surface.
Address: Technology road No.19 in Jinzhou, Bohai University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety Postcode: 121000 The invoice headline: Bohai University References [1] Tianqiying, Huayufei, The effect of the physical methods on the functional properties of the soybean protein which is isolated [J], Grain and oil, 2006(3):10~12 [2] Mayong, Zhoupei, The research of the functional properties and the main ingredients of the hazel powder[J], Food and fermentation industry, 2008, 34(1):72~75 [3] Limingshu, Yaokai, Jiadongying, Heqiang, the optimal condition of making peanut isolated protein in the method of alkali extraction and acid precipitation [J], China Oil, 2004, 29(11):21~23 [4] Zhujianhua, Yangxiaoquan, Xiongjian, the effect of ultrasonic wave’s treatment on surface properties of the soybean protein [J].

Introduction The combination of polymeric matrixes with reinforcing materials leads to a structure with much superior mechanical properties of the polymeric matrix, giving rise to composite materials, which have been widely used as substitutes for traditional materials [1].
The polymers, when exposed to gamma radiation, may suffer relevant changes in their molecular structure, resulting in two main effects: the main chain scission and crosslinking [9].
Yoshida; S.Tagawa, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2001, 62, 83
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2004, 71, 199

H2 loading was realized by annealing the Pd/Si structures in a pure H2 atmosphere at 585 Torr, in flow conditions.
On the other hand, when samples were annealed at 500°C roughness decreased, in line with [9] this behavior suggest that hydrogen atoms are removed from the lattice structure.
Christofides: Physics, chemistry and technology of Solid State gas sensor devices, edited by J.D.
Winefordner, Vol. 125, Chemical Analysis: A series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry, New York, NY (1993)

For this reason, the effect of the surfactant/particle structure on fluid interface properties is an important scientific and technological topic, still presenting many open questions [1].
TEM image and XRD pattern (JCPDS-ICDD index card No.50-1089) for tetragonal structure) spherical synthesized ZrO2 nanoparticles by sol-gel method.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2008, 10, (16), 2207-2213
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2006, 110, (39), 19543-19551

Preparation and Catalytic performance of Ti(SO4)2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for oligomerization of 1-butene Linjiu XIAO*, Peng LI and Yonggang SHENG Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China X109@163.com, lpeng218@163.com, shengyonggang@hotmail.com Keywords: oligomerization; Ti(SO4)2; 1-butene; catalyts Abstract.
In addition, the 1-butene dimers (C8 alkene) produced in the reaction are also important gasoil type additives [1-3,12] Acid-catalyzed oligomerization of alkenes to a variety of higher molecular weight homologues is an extensively studied area of petroleum chemistry.
XRD patterns were collected by Rogaku Rotflex D/Max-C powder X-ray diffractometer with CuKα radiation (λ=0.15046 nm) operated at 40 kV and 30 mA to identify the phase structure of these samples.
All investigated catalysts present the characteristic XRD peaks of crystallite γ-Al2O3 (2θ=37, 45, 67°), indicating that these catalysts possess the skeletal structure of γ-Al2O3.

Reference [9] proposed an approach to represent texts in the P-tree data structure, and computed similarity using this approach with 10% higher accuracy on average; however, the increase relies on the premise that texts are organized in the P-tree structure.
Jónsson, in: Theoretical Methods in Condencsed Phase Chemistry, edited by S.D.
Schwartz, volume 5 of Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, chapter, 10, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000)

Framework Structure of BPIS.
It’s classified by geometrical features, Deterioration features 2002 Wall Painting Conservation Program [M]，1st.ed.,2002,Tainan:The National Center for Research and Preservation of Cultural Properties,p.43-60 , features of material surface or inner part and features of biology, physics and chemistry.
Deterioration features are common happened in fresco project and they relate the structure of framework.
Geometrical Features Deterioration Features Characters of Pathologies Pathological Conditions Material Surface & Inner Features of Biology, Physics and Chemistry Conservation Strategies Characters of Pathologies Material Surface & Inner Part Deterioration Geometric Deterioration of Marl Deterioration of Coating Pathological Conditions Conservation Methods Conservation Strategies Biology, Phys. and Chem.