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Material and Method The main issue with small islands is water availability [2,3,4].
Alberti, Evaluation of Fresh Groundwater Lens Volume and Its Possible Use in Nauru Island, Journal Water 14:3201 MDPI (2022)
Alberti, et al, Evaluation of Fresh Groundwater Lens Volume and Its Possible Use in Nauru Island, Journal Water 14:3201 : MDPI (2022)
Tang, et al, Experimental and Modeling Investigation of Pumping From a Fresh Groundwater Lens in an Idealized Strip Island, Journal of Hydrology 602 (2021) 126734
Kirste, Chemical Indicators of Saltwater Influence for the Gulf Islands, British Columbia (Department of Earth Sciences.

Through adjust the composition we obtained a well formulation as follow :87.5%white basic formulation powder,12.5% aluminum waste slag.The water absorption of prepared sample is 0.51%,the flexural strength is 60.23MPa[14]. 2.1.5 The preparation of alumina friction materials Yange Niu,Lingke Zeng prepared alumina friction materials with aluminum waste slag .
(4)Serve as cement raw materials Zifang Xu etc. added aluminum sulphate slag to low grade cement[26].
What’s more, the raw materials demand and the dosage of aluminum waste slag which used as raw materials is large.
[4] Xiaoling Chen .Design and Operation of Treatment Engineering of Alumite Effluent.Yunnan Environmental Science,22（2003）143～ 145
[15] Yange Niu,Preparation of Alumina ceramic Friction Materials with Waste Slag of Aluminum Factory,D.South China University of Technology.(2010) [16] Hui Wang,Huafeng Liu,Lingke Zeng,A method of preparing ceramic frit by using waste sludge of aluminum factory,Chinese Patent.201210510902.0,(2102) [17] TianRan Zhang,etc,Research and Development of Mat Glaze with the Waste Slag in Aluminum Factory,J.Journal of Fuzhou Teachers College.25(2005)70~73

That kind of alloying is different from traditionally casted alloys in the sense that no melting took place in the process, which leaves us with option of using immiscible materials in the process and experiencing new kinds of materials bonding outside the boundaries of phase diagrams.
Nature of material is found out by using frequent perform analysis in nanocomposite materials.
[3] Jinzhi Liao and Ming-Jen Tan A ‘A simple approach to prepare Al/CNT composite: Spread–Dispersion (SD) method’ Materials Letters, Vol.65, 2011, pp.2742–2744
[5] Senthil Saravanan M.S, Kumaresh Babu S.P and Sivaprasad K ‘Mechanically alloyed carbon nanotubes reinforced Nano crystalline AA 4032: Synthesis and Characterization’ Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol.9, 2010, pp.1027–1035
[9] Melissa Paradise and Tarun Goswami ‘Carbon nanotubes – Production and industrial applications’ Materials and Design, Vol.28, 2007, pp.1477–1489.

Thus, separation of these bundles and dispersion and alignment of the individual CNT are crucial steps for several applications, hence becoming an important challenge in composite materials preparation.
In order to produce conductive composite materials with functionalized CNT, it is important to keep as much as possible the structural integrity of CNT and their electrical properties.
Experimental Materials.
Fig. 3 shows the curve fit of C1s spectra for the unmodified and modified materials.
Smalley, Fullerene pipes, Science 280 (1998) 1253-1256

Here, we consider spin-exchange striction as the microscopic origin of ferroelectric polarization, as proposed for several other multiferroic materials.
In BiFeO3 multiferroics, when a magnetic field is applied, the materials will be strained.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 2008,320:2602–2607
Materials Letters, 2008, 62: 878–881
Materials Letters, 2008, 62, 2858–2861

The cleaning of the chips method followed ASTM G131-96, the standard practice applicable to clean materials by ultrasonic methods.
Additional support was also provided by Sustainable Manufacturing and Recycling Technology, Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Center (SMART-AMMC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM).
[5] Gronostajski J, Chmura W, Gronostajski Z (2002) Bearing materials obtained by recycling of aluminium and aluminium bronze chips.
[9] Chmura W, Gronostajski Z (2007) Bearing materials obtained by diffusion bonding of aluminium and aluminium bronze chips.
Abrasive Wear on Heat-Treated Recycling Aluminium AA6061 of Various Reinforcement Materials Through Powder Metallurgical Process, Materials Science Forum ISSN: 1662-9752, Vol. 909, pp 15-20

The aeronautic industries always have been a source and driving force for the development of new materials and material compounds.
In forming analyses a too high shear load/weight ratio is the most frequent case for failure of sandwich materials.
Some defect can appear in sandwich materials, with and without reinforcement.
Fleck, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 46 (4) (2004), p.585608
Palkowski., Materials and Manufacturing Processes, (24) 2009, 1-5.

Parthasarathy, "Verification of Creep Performance of a Ceramic Gas Turbine Blade," Key Engineering Materials Vols. 161- 163 (1999) pp. 671-674
Kesseli, et al., "Comparative Materials Evaluation for a Gas Turbine Rotor," paper presented at 27 th Annual International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-30, 2003, Cocoa Beach, FL
Scattergood, "Biaxial Flexure Testing of Brittle Materials," Scripta Metall. et Mater., Vol 25, 1991, pp. 2529-2532
[9] "Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures," ASTM C1161, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 15.01, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002
Wingfield, "Fracture of Brittle Materials Under Transient Mechanical and Thermal Loading," U.S.

Kevlar fiber reinforced polymer (KFRP) is one type of composites which has the advantageous properties such as high tensile strength, high hardness, low density, heat-resistant, resistant to materials chemistry and resistant to corrosion.
In the aircraft industry, drilling composite materials is conducted by means of stacked and drilled simultaneously.
Shivamurthy, Effect of Process Parameters on Delamination, Thrust Force and Torque in Drilling of Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composite, Research Journal of Recent Sciences. 2 (2013) 47-51
Jie, The Formation And Effect Of Interlayer Gap in Dry Drilling of Stacked Metal Materials, Int.
Pramujati, Optimization of Surface Roughness and Recast Layer Thickness in the Wire-EDM Process of AISI D2 Tool Steel using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy, Applied Mechanics and Materials. 393 (2013) 21-28.

Research on virtual design system for spindle of high-speed machining center Junjun Qin1,a, Yang Yin1,b Cuiyun Dong2,c 1 College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China 2 College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042,China aqinjunloveyou@163.com, byinyang@mail.xhu.edu.cn, craphia-1019@163.com Keywords: high-speed mc; spindle; virtual design; dynamic simulation Abstract.
The overall radial stiffness of the spindle is Eq. 1 (1), and the angle of torsion of Each unit length is Eq. 2 (2), for precise and stable transmission: ,and the ,,and respectively is the transmitted torque,length,inside diameter and outside diameter of the axis's ith section,G is the shear modulus of the material.
Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Transaction of the ASME, 1997, 119(11):664-666
Mechanical Science and Technology, 2008,27 (2):229~229.In Chinese