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The positive results have been reported in Europe, including accident rate reduction of up to 30% [2] and congestion of 40% [3], decline in emissions and improvements in travel time reliability [4], and gains of road users’ trust [5].
Therefore, if the number of lanes remains same, there should be no capacity reduction or traffic bottleneck without the presence of ramps.
The simulation results showed very promising performance improvement, for example, 5% travel time reduction, 9% reduction in the percentage of vehicle with high collision risk and 11% emission reduction.
In addition, a realistic relationship between traffic speeds and densities derived from field data was used in the proposed model.

. % [3]; important for achieving reduction in the hardness difference between the two phases, and so centre to surface differences in plates.
In agreement with the literature the martensite responded with a reduction in hardness with longer tempering times.
On tempering between 30 minutes to 16 hours the reduction in hardness was more gradual.
There is not a complete levelling out of the hardness after 16 hours, however all of the phase fractions do exhibit a reduction in hardness.
These are associated with greater scatter in the experimental data and are distributed around the RoM trendline rather than showing a consistent deviation direction.

On the other hand, SiO2 forms during cooling of the melt and the carbo-thermic reduction of silica seems to play an important role in the formation of silica: + 2 [C] → [Si] + 2 {CO} Figure 2 shows the isotherms of silica reduction by carbon for different temperatures.
Figure 2: Equilibrium isotherms of silica reduction by carbon [1].
Experimental data [4] and [5] were used to validate the air entrainment model and to determine the entrainment coefficient, Cent by comparing the predicted steady state relative air entrainment rates to experimental measurements for different liquid jet velocities and diameters:.
In addition, as mentioned earlier dross continuously forms during holding time as the melt temperature gets below the equilibrium temperature of the silica reduction by carbon (Figure 2).
This is because the temperature of the melt usually drops below the equilibrium temperature of the silica reduction by carbon during filling and solidification or is already below that temperature at the beginning of pouring.

From Table 1, the data from XRF was prepared.
This result showed the reduction of density at an increasing level of the inclusion of wood fibre.
The bulk density reduction effect is attributed to a lower specific gravity of wood fibre.
The specific gravity and the density of the wood fibre contributed the reduction of the density of the composites material.
The incorporation of wood fibre into the mixture at an increasing level may result in a gradual reduction in bulk density of the hardened geopolymer composite. 4.

On the other hand, thermal degradation (decomposition) of fly ash treated by water-washing is more stable than non-water washed fly ash: 5wt% reduction up to 1000 � but increasing sharply until reaching 20% loss at 1200 � then remaining relatively stable until reaching 1400 � .
In the case of fly ash as received, the remarkable reduction in weight at around 800 � resulted from sudden evaporation after melting at 804 � and 779 � for NaCl and KCl, respectively ( Table 1).
However, the stable reaction of only 5% reduction during heating up to 1000 � is related to the removal of chlorides in the fly ash.
With and without water-washing process, fly ash follows the same reaction in the heating process; dissociation of Ca(OH)2 at 485 � and CaCl2Ca(OH)2H2O at 689 � resulting in the 5% reduction up to 1000 � .
But a higher value in KIC was seen at the firing temperature of 950 � and the holding time of 60 min, though being large scattering of data.

Magnetic nanoparticles are of great interest in the fields of biomedicine, magnetic resonance imaging, data storage and catalysis etc.
The (ID/IG) ratio of the r-GO-NiONPs is 0.747, decreased compared to GO, evidencing the reduction of GO surface and enrichment of sp2 domains in r-GO-NiONPs.
Thereby, confirming the incorporation of nickel oxide nanoparticles and reduction of GO to r-GO.
Ruoff, Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide, Carbon 45 (2007) 1558-1565
Dai, Co3O4 nanocrystals on graphene as a synergistic catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction, Nat.

At present, the commonly used methods of reducing resistance are externally induced grounding, deep well grounding, electrolytic ion grounding, blasting grounding, artificial reduction of resistance and so on[1] .
Comparative analysis of Dongshan wind farm resistance reduction method According to the geological data in the region, the overburden of Quaternary System thickness in Dongshan wind farm site is 0.3m ~ 22.4m.
The combination of electrolytic ion g rounding method with externally grounding and artificial reduction of resistance (resistance reducing agent) is more suitable for Dongshan wind farm.
The design uses DK-AGc electrolytic earth polar as the main resistance reduction device of the grounding network.
According to the computational formula of DK-AGc electrolytic earth polar: Calculated: N=41 set Grounding resistance reduction projects of the total station needs 41 sets of electrolytic earth polars.

The results show that the lift-to-drag ratio of the optimized airfoils has a improvement around the designed operating angle and the overall noise has a reduction compared with the initial airfoils, which means that the optimized airfoils get a better aerodynamic and acoustic performance.
In the optimizing process of airfoil a fast, reliable and accurate calculation method of aerodynamic performance of airfoils is needed due to a lot of airfoil data being obtained with the changes of the design variables.
Nowadays, the aerodynamic data of airfoils is obtained mainly by the viscous-nonviscous iteration method[7] considering potential flow and boundary layer, the computational fluid dynamics method(CFD) based on N-S equations[8] and wind tunnel experiments[9] and so on.
Fig.3 Comparison of lift-to-drag ratio Fig.4 Comparison of lift coefficients Figure 5 shows the comparison of the noise level of the optimized airfoil and the initial airfoil and we can see that the noise levels of the optimized airfoil have a reduction to some extent when the angle of attack changes inside the setting scope.

The presence of the four phases CaCO3, C-S-H, SiO2 and Ca(OH)2 was confirmed by comparing the XRD-data of the samples with that of the standard JCPDS-data (i.e. file numbers: 01-0628, 03-0594, 03-0227 and 01-1079), respectively.
Cellular lightweight concrete with an increase of 5-20% and a reduction of 5-15% by weight of the sand content was based on the Thai Industrial Standard 2601-2013.
Thongtha, Phase change material coating on autoclaved aerated lightweight concrete for cooling load reduction, Mater.

The equilibrium adsorption data and the model parameters were evaluated.
The isotherm study indicates that adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir model and Pseudo second-order kinetics.
Comparisons with literature data Table.3 summarizes some relevant literature data that have been applied to various photo-catalyst adsorbent and operating conditions on adsorption of HA from aqueous solutions.
The data clearly indicated that Mercury lamp (100W) and UV-Vis as a light source shows higher photo-degradation efficiency (>90%).
The isotherm study indicates that adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir model and Pseudo second-order kinetics.