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Online since: February 2014
Authors: Ke Jun Li, Xing Quan Ji, Li Sheng Li, Shi Dong Zhang
There will be a lot of benefits if these DGs are properly connected, such as investment deferring, loss reduction, peak shaving, and environmental pollution reduction[1].
According to Eq.(1) to Eq.(8), the distribution network expansion planning model considering DGs is firstly formed. 2) System data and parameters initializing.
Input data of distribution system which usually include transformer data, line data, switch data, shunt reactive power compensator data, and DG data.
According to Eq.(1) to Eq.(8), the distribution network expansion planning model considering DGs is firstly formed. 2) System data and parameters initializing.
Input data of distribution system which usually include transformer data, line data, switch data, shunt reactive power compensator data, and DG data.
Online since: March 2017
Authors: Rodica Dorina Cadar, Rozalia Melania Boitor
The collected data were studied by means of statistical analysis in order to establish the most relevant aspects of the travel time.
Data collection methods for determining TT are diverse and have evolved over time in a spectacular way.
The collection and processing of data Equipment.
Table 1: Data matrix.
Holdener, Travel Time Data Collection Handbook.
Data collection methods for determining TT are diverse and have evolved over time in a spectacular way.
The collection and processing of data Equipment.
Table 1: Data matrix.
Holdener, Travel Time Data Collection Handbook.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Martin P. Harmer, Gregory S. Rohrer, Stephanie A. Bojarski, Jocelyn Knighting, Shuai Lei Ma, William Lenthe
In fact, there is growing evidence that complexion transitions are accompanied by a reduction in interface energy.
It has also recently been shown that the existence of a nanometer thick intergranular film reduces the energy of the Au-alumina interface. [7] Grain boundary energy measurements in Ca-doped yttria have also shown that grain boundaries in a sample with a bilayer of segregated Ca had a higher energy than grain boundaries in the same material that, after a high temperature anneal, transformed to a complexion consisting of an amorphous intergranular film. [11] While the case for an energy reduction associated with a complexion transition is strong, there are some inconsistencies in the data reported in the earlier papers.
The dihedral angles were then determined from the widths and depths of the thermal grooves, using previously described procedures. [15] Topographic data along lines perpendicular to grain boundaries were measured on both the NGG and AGG samples.
Results Figure 3 shows examples of topographic AFM images from which thermal groove data was extracted.
Topographic data was obtained for lines perpendicular to boundaries with well-defined grooves in both samples.
It has also recently been shown that the existence of a nanometer thick intergranular film reduces the energy of the Au-alumina interface. [7] Grain boundary energy measurements in Ca-doped yttria have also shown that grain boundaries in a sample with a bilayer of segregated Ca had a higher energy than grain boundaries in the same material that, after a high temperature anneal, transformed to a complexion consisting of an amorphous intergranular film. [11] While the case for an energy reduction associated with a complexion transition is strong, there are some inconsistencies in the data reported in the earlier papers.
The dihedral angles were then determined from the widths and depths of the thermal grooves, using previously described procedures. [15] Topographic data along lines perpendicular to grain boundaries were measured on both the NGG and AGG samples.
Results Figure 3 shows examples of topographic AFM images from which thermal groove data was extracted.
Topographic data was obtained for lines perpendicular to boundaries with well-defined grooves in both samples.
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Andreas Erdmann, David Reibold, Tim Fühner, Peter Evanschitzky
The linewidth is given on wafer scale for a 4×reduction system.
The linewidth is given on wafer scale for a 4×reduction system.
This scatter plot on the right of Figure 8 shows a comparison of the n and k data of the optimized absorber stack (dark diamonds) in comparison with typical n and k data at 193nm wavelength (grey circles).
The n and k data were extracted from all available materials from the RIT-Web page [7].
For a linewidth of 150nm (and a numerical aperture of 0.36) the mask features of a 4× reduction system are large compared to the wavelength of light.
The linewidth is given on wafer scale for a 4×reduction system.
This scatter plot on the right of Figure 8 shows a comparison of the n and k data of the optimized absorber stack (dark diamonds) in comparison with typical n and k data at 193nm wavelength (grey circles).
The n and k data were extracted from all available materials from the RIT-Web page [7].
For a linewidth of 150nm (and a numerical aperture of 0.36) the mask features of a 4× reduction system are large compared to the wavelength of light.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Karel Struhala, Zuzana Stránská, Jiří Sedlák
It is one of the largest available databases of environmental data.
Data Sources.
Missing data were verified in literature (as specified in following chapters).
We weren’t able to get consistent data usable in our research from foreign producers of fibre flax.
But if we change cargo trucks for cargo trains (based on global average data) for transport of input materials over more than 100 km, we can achieve a small reduction of environmental impacts – see Table 7, column “Improved Transport”.
Data Sources.
Missing data were verified in literature (as specified in following chapters).
We weren’t able to get consistent data usable in our research from foreign producers of fibre flax.
But if we change cargo trucks for cargo trains (based on global average data) for transport of input materials over more than 100 km, we can achieve a small reduction of environmental impacts – see Table 7, column “Improved Transport”.
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Diva Veryna Widiantari, Sri Rachmania Juliastuti, Raden Darmawan, Orchidea Rachmaniah, Nuniek Hendrianie, Erina Mega Ariyanto
Hence, the focus of this research is to analyze the effect of microwave pre-treatment (MP) and pressure cooker pre-treatment (PCP) parameters on OPEFB lignin reduction.
The focus of this research was to analyze the effect of microwave pre-treatment (MP) and pressure cooker pre-treatment (PCP) parameters on OPEFB lignin reduction and to maximize the cellulose content and lignin reduction after the pretreatment process and hydrolysis by fungal treatment in the waste of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB).
Lignocellulose Content of OPEFB after Pressure Cooker Pretreatment Time (minute) Cellulose (%) Hemicellulose (%) Lignin (%) Lignin Removal (%) Raw Material 26.25 30.10 29.52 - 20 32.20 33.18 24.04 18.57% 40 43.22 17.81 20.18 31.63% 60 36.09 26.24 17.94 39.22% The data (Table 2 and Table 3) show that pressure cooker pretreatment gave the best results.
The data obtained for the cellulose content and glucose levels of the sample fungal treatment 2 (FT-2) process are presented in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
Glucose Content Improvement after Fungal Treatment 2 (FT-2) Conclusions The best lignin degradation process occurred in OPEFB samples with pressure cooker pretreatment at 60 minutes with lignin content as much as 17.94% and lignin content reduction of 39.23%.
The focus of this research was to analyze the effect of microwave pre-treatment (MP) and pressure cooker pre-treatment (PCP) parameters on OPEFB lignin reduction and to maximize the cellulose content and lignin reduction after the pretreatment process and hydrolysis by fungal treatment in the waste of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB).
Lignocellulose Content of OPEFB after Pressure Cooker Pretreatment Time (minute) Cellulose (%) Hemicellulose (%) Lignin (%) Lignin Removal (%) Raw Material 26.25 30.10 29.52 - 20 32.20 33.18 24.04 18.57% 40 43.22 17.81 20.18 31.63% 60 36.09 26.24 17.94 39.22% The data (Table 2 and Table 3) show that pressure cooker pretreatment gave the best results.
The data obtained for the cellulose content and glucose levels of the sample fungal treatment 2 (FT-2) process are presented in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
Glucose Content Improvement after Fungal Treatment 2 (FT-2) Conclusions The best lignin degradation process occurred in OPEFB samples with pressure cooker pretreatment at 60 minutes with lignin content as much as 17.94% and lignin content reduction of 39.23%.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: In Soo Kim, Jin Hyuk Lee
Many researchers devoted their works to improve the formability of Al alloy, but they did not get successful data [4-14].
The initial Al alloy sheets were then asymmetrically rolled to different reductions ranging from 5 to 10% on a laboratory asymmetrical rolling mill with upper and lower rolling speed ratio of 1.5:1.
Orientation distribution functions (ODF) of Al alloy sheets were calculated from the measured pole figure data [15].
After asymmetric rolling with 5% reduction in thickness, near rotated cube texture, {001}<110>, and {120}<233> at S=0.9 layer and near rotated cube texture, {001}<110>, and {120}<233> at center layer (s=0) were observed in Fig. 2 (b).
The average r-values (r(_) -values) and |Δr|-values were able to be calculated by using pole figure and ODF data [15] of Fig. 1 and 2 as shown in Fig. 3.
The initial Al alloy sheets were then asymmetrically rolled to different reductions ranging from 5 to 10% on a laboratory asymmetrical rolling mill with upper and lower rolling speed ratio of 1.5:1.
Orientation distribution functions (ODF) of Al alloy sheets were calculated from the measured pole figure data [15].
After asymmetric rolling with 5% reduction in thickness, near rotated cube texture, {001}<110>, and {120}<233> at S=0.9 layer and near rotated cube texture, {001}<110>, and {120}<233> at center layer (s=0) were observed in Fig. 2 (b).
The average r-values (r(_) -values) and |Δr|-values were able to be calculated by using pole figure and ODF data [15] of Fig. 1 and 2 as shown in Fig. 3.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Keydson Quarema Gomes, Pedro Iris Paulin Filho, Marcelo Bacelos
X-ray diffraction data have been refined using the DBWS98 software.
As shown in fig 2, a typical pattern Rietiveld’s refinement is observed where was generated a calculated profile that was minimized as function of the observed profile from the data of XRD obtained.
The amount of Co +2 ions is reduced due to the increase of Ni +2 ions, thus tends to reduce the unit cell volume of the system causing the reduction of the lattice parameter of the structure.
Figure 3 show a curve of the lattice parameter with decay "nonlinear" due to a reduction Co +2 ions and increase of the Ni +2 ions to spinel structure formed.
From these data, it was suggested that the conduction mechanism of the system is the same for all molar concentrations.
As shown in fig 2, a typical pattern Rietiveld’s refinement is observed where was generated a calculated profile that was minimized as function of the observed profile from the data of XRD obtained.
The amount of Co +2 ions is reduced due to the increase of Ni +2 ions, thus tends to reduce the unit cell volume of the system causing the reduction of the lattice parameter of the structure.
Figure 3 show a curve of the lattice parameter with decay "nonlinear" due to a reduction Co +2 ions and increase of the Ni +2 ions to spinel structure formed.
From these data, it was suggested that the conduction mechanism of the system is the same for all molar concentrations.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yu Han, De Liu, Fan Hua Min, Chang Song Gai
Materials and Methods
Annual and seasonal variation characteristics of API in Chongqing from 2000 to 2012 are studied based on daily live data of API provided by Chongqing Environmental Monitoring Center.
The relationship between meteorological elements and API is analyzed by using the meteorological observation data from Shapingba meteorological station in the main urban area of Chongqing.
Analyze the correlation coefficient between API of Chongqing and meteorological data from Shapingba meteorological station in the main urban area of Chongqing.
The increment of sunshine duration will directly affect the variation of ground temperature, if the sunshine duration is longer, the heating of ground temperature is more obvious in the daytime, the reduction of stability of atmosphere on the surface layer, and the enhancement of vertical movement of air and the increment of turbulence are all advantageous to the spread of pollutants.
Wet settlement function of rainfall on air pollutants, the more obvious heating of ground temperature due to sunshine, the reduction of stability of atmosphere on the surface layer, the enhancement of vertical movement of air and the increment of turbulence are all advantageous to the reduction of pollutants, and it is one of the important reasons for that the air quality in summer half year is better than that in the winter half year.
The relationship between meteorological elements and API is analyzed by using the meteorological observation data from Shapingba meteorological station in the main urban area of Chongqing.
Analyze the correlation coefficient between API of Chongqing and meteorological data from Shapingba meteorological station in the main urban area of Chongqing.
The increment of sunshine duration will directly affect the variation of ground temperature, if the sunshine duration is longer, the heating of ground temperature is more obvious in the daytime, the reduction of stability of atmosphere on the surface layer, and the enhancement of vertical movement of air and the increment of turbulence are all advantageous to the spread of pollutants.
Wet settlement function of rainfall on air pollutants, the more obvious heating of ground temperature due to sunshine, the reduction of stability of atmosphere on the surface layer, the enhancement of vertical movement of air and the increment of turbulence are all advantageous to the reduction of pollutants, and it is one of the important reasons for that the air quality in summer half year is better than that in the winter half year.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Kyung Hee Choi
The capacity for collecting,
processing, communicating, and storing massive amounts of data has been increased with minimal
1The word "nano" derives from the Greek nanos, which means dwarf.
New data processing technology enables effective sorting large amounts of information.
The example could be a technology-enhanced automation and robotics designed to offset reductions in military manpower.
Nanotechnology development will enhance automation and robotics offsetting reductions in military manpower, and performance of military platforms.
This may question the privacy issues of how to protect ourselves efficiently from the wrong use of our personal data.
New data processing technology enables effective sorting large amounts of information.
The example could be a technology-enhanced automation and robotics designed to offset reductions in military manpower.
Nanotechnology development will enhance automation and robotics offsetting reductions in military manpower, and performance of military platforms.
This may question the privacy issues of how to protect ourselves efficiently from the wrong use of our personal data.