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Since the electrical resistance of the most materials depends significantly on the temperature, the resistance of the material is measured to determine the temperature.
The final step is the complete removal of the monocrystal silicon in membrane area to reduce the "parasitic" effect of the substrate and to remove the mechanical stresses conditioned by differences in the temperature of various materials’ films formations.
Fleming, Overview of Automotive Sensors, IEEE Sensors Journal 1 (2001) 296–308
Castañer, A hot film anemometer for the Martian atmosphere, Planetary and Space Science 56 (2008) 1169-1179
Lammerink, Micro Total Analysis Systems: Microfluidic aspects, integration concept and applications, in: Microsystem Technology in Chemistry and Life Science 194, Springer, Berlin, 1998, pp. 21-49

Since the temperature reaches high values, a zone containing melted metallic materials appears.
The sizes of the operating parameters were set by considering the materials and the dimensions of the parts to be welded.
It is known that by means of the Vickers micro hardness, changes in structure of metallic materials can be identified.
Davies, Materials for Automobile Bodies - 2nd Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, ISBN: 9780080969794 (2012) pp. 242-244
Biro, Microstructure and fracture characteristics of spot-welded DP600 steel: submitted to Materials Science and Engineering A 485, (2008) 334–346

Thus, the relation is useful for estimating stress intensity for time-dependant creep materials.
In particular, it is useful for newly developed materials.
From the viewpoint of engineering design, because the error for 105 hr is not large and is regarded as conservative, it is thus believed that the creep work-time relation can be used as a useful method for estimating the stress intensity for creep materials and particularly for newly developed materials.
Journal Pressure Vessels and Piping, 78 (1998) p.939 7.
Hertzberg, Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1976) p.175

Following the results of measuring, the materials under comparison were lined up in a randometric series, for example, materials were positioned in a series ascending the maximum mark width bimax.
Diagnostics of Materials» No 9, 2010,Vol 76 p. 41-43 (in Russian) [4] D.A.
Patent 2495412, The method of comparative evaluation of the properties of materials (in Russian) [8] A.V.
Batako, Nano-scale multilayered-composite coatings for the cutting tools, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2014.
Anikeev, Carbide Tools with Nano-Dispersed Coating for High-Performance Cutting of Hard-To-Cut Materials, Advanced Materials Research, 2014.

Trials of #1 (17.5 MPa), #2 (17.5 MPa), #5 (17.8 MPa), #6 (17.8 MPa) have also shown high safety of materials.
Features of energy efficient upgrade of historic buildings (illustrated with the example of Saint-Petersburg) (2014) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1-10
Petersburg (2014) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 638-640, pp. 2460-2464
The change in selected properties of ceramic materials obtained from ceramic brick treated by the sulphate and chloride ions (2014) Construction and Building Materials, Vol 66, No. 15, pp. 268-274
Metody opredeleniya predelov prochnosti pri szhatii i izgibe [Wall materials.

Using low concentration TiOSO4 as titanium raw material, anatase white pigment was prepared by self seeded thermal hydrolysis route via short sulfate process.
Using TiOSO4 solution of 230~260 g/L as raw material, titanium dioxide pigments with reproducible properties was prepared by hydrolyzing controlled by nucleation [15].
Our previous work had investigated some hydrolysis factors influence on the structure and pigment properties of TiO2 via self-generated seed process by using concentrated TiOSO4 solution as raw material [18].
Acknowledgments This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50804025); Key Technology R&D Program of Sichuan Province, China (2011GZ0303); Scientific Research Industrialization Projects of Panzhihua, China (2011CY-G-23).
D.Moggridge: Journal of Cryst.

Soldering is a good solution for joining heat sensitive materials.
Table 1 gives an overview of the most common solder materials, [11].
Next to seam geometry, materials and heat input, the loading determines the fatigue life of a structure.
Geiger: Laserstrahlhartlöten - ein Fügeverfahren mit Zukunft; UTF science, (2000) No.
Journal of Fatigue, demnächst [31] Ahmadi, A., H.

Architectural decoration is a unified entity with function, materials and structures.
Passive energy strategy under the specific climate Material strategy : making use of materials: Dwelling houses materials are from local.
For example, the adobe construction in some area of Southeast of Shanxi, adobe is made with wheat straw mixed clay by fired, which is strong and durable, heat insulation fireproof wall materials, or wheat straw mixed soil as painting materials to increases the wall soundness, then brushing outside walls with lime putty made by firing stone, which can not only make the walls good looks, but also prevent rain water infiltration.
The local use of materials：Some mountain areas in southeast of shanxi, the cost of brick, tile, wood is more expensive than stone, People use the local material to built stone building.
References [1] Xueping Li, Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (in Chinese), 38, (2010.3)

In: 56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (2015)
Materials Research Express. 7(12) (2020) 122001
Journal of Composite Materials. 44(16) (2011) 1985-2004
Mixed-mode decohesion finite elements for the simulation of delamination in composite materials.
[22] American Society for Testing and Materials.

The most attractive feature of this package is its large database of materials and process information.
Sustainability for Eco-design is included in the package alongside others functions in a wide range of engineering subjects areas including general and mechanical engineering, manufacturing, materials science and engineering, industrial and product design, etc.
In product definition stage, only materials, primary process, and mass can be defined.
The breakdown network of processes and materials is shown in Fig.5.
CES has a large database covers materials and processes, but not enough in others.