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Both samples show coarse initial grain sizes.
New grains nucleation is likely to occur at high deformation regions.
Once the U has initial coarse grain size, one can deduce the twinning and deformation bands can alternatively give rise to the appearance of grain nuclei, which explains the large number of new grains.
It is still observed that the recrystallized grains seem to be arranged in clusters to maintain the original coarse grain orientation, which is fairly visible under polarized light image.
In spite of the coarse grain observed at the quenched alloy before rolling, a fine average grain size (~8 µm) was obtained after recrystallization (Fig. 8-b).

Up to now, it has essentially been applied to aluminium alloys and far more recently to a small number of bimaterials.
Their structure was characterized at a multi-scale level by using a number of techniques.
Experimental procedure 5mm thick strips (25cm × 20cm) of pure copper (Cu a1) (mean grain size of 28µm) and of a 6082T6 aluminium alloy (mean grain size of 15µm) with similar hardness (101 ± 12 HV50 and 98 ± 8 HV50, respectively) were joined perpendicular to the rolling direction.
This diminution of grain size suggests again that Cu is dynamically recrystallized in the stir zone.
Moreover, the greater the tool plunge downforce, the greater the number of possible (rotation speed, welding speed) couples [11].

Meanwhile, the liquid-liquid mixing interface is divided into four areas: low temperature alloy area, interface front area, fine grain area and high temperature alloy area.
C is the fine grain area.
A little farther away from the boundary is area C (fine grain area) which is wider than the front area and the primary silicon phase size is smaller than it in the front area.
Nucleation number from area B to area D reduces gradually and area B has the most nucleation number due to the maximum undercooling degree.
In the liquid-liquid mixing, according to the temperature gradient, the entire interface is divided into four small areas: low temperature alloy area, front area, fine grain area, high temperature alloy area.

XRD studies indicated that all of BPT films consisted of single phase of a bismuth-layered structure with well-developed rod-like grains.
Generally, the formula of doped bismuth titanate is (Bi2O2) 2+(Am-1BmO3m+1) 2- , where A means mono-, di-, or trivalent ions, or a mixture of them; B means quadri- or quinquevalence ions, such as Ti4+, Nb5+, Ta 5+; and m means integer number > 1.
The average length and diameter of the grains of the film with y=0.9 are about 350 nm and 150 nm, respectively.
It implies that the film with y=0.9 promotes bismuth titanate grain growing greater than the film with y=0.3.
Experimental results reveal that all of BPT films consist of single phase of a bismuth-layered structure and consist of well-developed rod-like grains with random orientation.

It is worthwhile to notice that in the powder grains and the first cooling instants, the material is so soft that plasticity takes place.
The experiment for the 20 µm powder grain and long cooling time (Support 2) but with a final thickness of 5 mm leads to the highest level of internal stress close to 700 MPa, whereas the experiment for the 40 µm powder grain and the 10 mm final thickness predicts only 200 MPa (Support 3).
For Support 1 melted from 40 µm powder grain and a low cooling time, the deflection is very weak with its maximum amplitude equal to 0.2 mm.
The residual stresses are found to be extremely large with a final layer thickness of 5 mm a grain size of 20 µm and a long cooling time (Support 2) and their magnitudes decrease when the final thickness and the grain size 40 µm (Support 3) increase.
Branner, Investigation on residual stresses and deformation in selective laser melting, Production Engineering, Volume 4, Number 1 (2010) [7] J.C.

Generally cast base metal has coarse grains are formed but in composites with increment of wt% of TiC grains become finer and it is clearly evident in the figure 2, This grain refinement is mainly due to the inoculation effect of Ti.
The Al3Ti (white phase) on the aluminium melt initially promote the heterogenous nucleation hence the grain refinement is promoted.
Another reason is TiC (dark phase) has similar crystal structure like aluminium which will also initiate the grain refinement.
The hardness of extruded composites are higher than the as cast sample due to the alignment of the grains and the TiC particles.
Poorly supported grains are then dislodged from the surface of composite through contact with moving particles.

The less recrystallized grains and singleness grain orientation conduce to higher strength and less notch sensitivity.
Fig. 3(B) and Fig. 4(B) show that a considerable number of recrystallized grains can be found in the experimental alloy treated by B process.
The deformation energy brings more recrystallized grains.
The less recrystallized grains and singleness grain orientation conduce to higher strength and less notch sensitivity
Accelerate the creating of recrystallized grains.

Overall program to determine On the milled white room cross-section of the rice mill, the fluid density of the rice grains is uniform, during the course of the campaign, the probability is less affected by bending and shear, and the broken rice rate is low, loved by the users.
Add rice particle model to establish discrete element analysis model after grain brown rice import simplify the effect , as is shown in Fig.2.
Tab.1 The Material Properties Table Material Poisson's ratio Shear modulus(Pa) Density(kg/m3) rice 0.3 2.3e+07 1670 steel 0.3 1e+10 7850 Tab.2 The Contacting the property sheet Interaction Recovery coefficient Static friction coefficient Coefficient dynamic friction rice—rice 0.1 0.6 0.01 rice—steel 0.3 0.5 0.01 simulation analysis, set the drive motor driven roller mill speed 1104.48r/min, to establish the total amount of grain produced particles is not restricted factories, can produce 5,000 per set rice, the running time of 3s, (which 1.5 seconds before the time for the grain filling species, as the spindle drive after 1.5s sand roller blade starts to rotate and rice), rice generated automatically numbered according to the order, select one of several rice mark, simulation analysis.
Result Analysis After the simulation calculation process at any step in the movement of all the rice streamlined displayed, the size of the moving speed with a different color, the flow velocity distribution image can be seen from the trajectory of each grain of rice [10-11].
Fig.4 The distribution of flow velocity Fig.5 The trajectory of grain of rice Fig.6 The trajectory force of grain of rice Summary In this paper, the method of discrete element analysis to simulate the mechanical response of rice mills under static and dynamic loads discrete media, through the establishment of rice milling machine model and simulate the flow behavior in the rice grain augers, and truly reflect the particulate material delivery process complex mechanics and kinematics law, vertical screw conveyor vertical rice mill, rice discrete element analysis simulation under different speed, the internal movement of materials to simulate the process for improving the productivity of the vertical screw conveyor has a certain significance.

In grain size, with increasing antimony doping percentage, the average grain size decreases.
Graph of the intensity of diffraction in the size of a crystal grain.
The higher the percentage of doping given to the thin layer of tin oxide causes the size of the crystal grains to decrease.
The percentage increase in antimony doping results showed the decrease in the average peak point of the grain size.
Furthermore, for the energy gap, it can be seen increasingly with the higher doping and the number of layers.

A limited number of tensile tests along LD were also performed to complement the necessary data for the parameter fitting of the model.
Therefore the Schmid factor of the activated twin variant was determined for every twinned grain for the different loading conditions.
Due to the limited number of orientations that can be used inside the VPSC code and their discrete nature, the resolution on the misorientation angle is limited to 10°, resulting in large discretization errors.
A second physical explanation could be that in the experiment, just as in the model, twinning has reoriented complete grains.
This would explain the much lower fraction of twins measured by EBSD, as these completely reoriented grains would not be recognized as twins.