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Klimpel2,e 1 Department of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, ul.Konarskiego 18A, Poland 2 Department of Welding, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, ul.
Introduction One of this treatments could be laser surface treatment, which allows modify the properties of the surface of the material without modifying the core of it.
There is an opinion that laser manufacturing techniques belong to the most promising and efficient ones, for ensuring the development in many industry branches, and especially those in which materials processing dominates.
Etching time was selected experimentally for each investigated material's surface layer form.
Barnes et al.: Journal of Materials Processing Technology 139, 2003, p. 585-588. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Feα (200) Feα (211) Reflaction angle [2Θ] Feα (110) Intensity [imp/s] 0 50 100 150 200 25035 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Reflaction angle [2Θ] Intensity [imp/s] WC (001) WC (100) WC (110) Fe3C (211) WC (101) W (200) Fe (110) Fe (200) W (211) Fe (211)

Depending on the wavelength of the heating laser pulse, the optical properties of materials in thin films are generally temperature dependent.
Thermal and optical properties are assumed as functions of temperature and the materials are considered isotropic.
Thermophysical and optical properties of the employed materials are reported in tables 3 and 4.
Manca: ASME Journal of Heat Transfer Vol. 122 (2000), pp. 113
Ricci, $umerical Model for Back Treatment of Multilayer Thin Films Irradiated by a Moving Laser Source, Proc of the International Congress in Materials Science and Engineering, Iasi, Romania (2009) [12] D.

According to Mehta’s “the easiest, and the most effective solution” [8], the concrete’s density and durability will be improved by nano materials filled all pores and microcracks.
Materials and Methods Materials and mixtures.
It leaded an increase in atoms numbers, as the materials size reached nanometer level.
Acknowledgements This study, was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia grant No.
Zhang: Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology Vol. 30(2002), p. 31-35

Germanium in Czochralski Silicon Deren Yanga and Jiahe Chen State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China a Email: mseyang@zju.edu.cn Keywords: Silicon, Germanium doping, Mechanical strength, Oxygen precipitation, Voids.
Yan: Journal of Heibei University of Technology 25 (1996) 12
Zhang: Journal of Synthetic Crystals 29 (2000) 51
Chen: Chinese Journal of Semiconductors 23 (2002) 1073
Sun: Chinese Journal of Semiconductor 24 (1999) 15

Among metallic materials, Titanium is considered the most suitable materials in medical applications due to its biocompatibility which is better than stainless steel and cobalt base alloys [1].
Titanium and its alloys are mainly used for substituting materials for hard tissues [2].
Materials and Methods Material.
Santos: Materials Research Vol.6(2) (2003), p. 265 [12] U.
De Damborenea: British Corrosion Journal Vol. 35(3) (2000), p. 1

Microstructural Evolution in Ultrafine Grained FeMnSiCr Shape Memory Alloy Modules Gheorghe Gurau1, Carmela Gurau1*, Mihaela Banu2, and Leandru Bujoreanu3 1”Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Faculty of Engineering, Domnească Street, 47, RO-800008, Galati, Romania 2National University of Michigan, USA 3Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, The "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd.
Introduction It is acknowledged that severe plastic deformation (SPD) of bulk metallic materials leads to physical and mechanical properties significantly enhanced compared to those of coarse-grained materials due to extensive grain refinement [1-6].
The SPD-processed materials have gained considerable interest to the strength of the formation of nanocrystalline (NC) or ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructures [7-9].
Methods and materials Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr (mass%) SMA ingots were prepared using a Fives Celes furnace, then were machined into rings.
Vlad Gabriel Vasilescu, Miruna Silvia Stan, Ion Patrascu, Anca Dinischiotu, Elisabeta Vasilescu, In Vitro Testing of Materials Biocompatibility with Controled Chemical Composition, Romanian Journal of Materials, 2015, 45 (4), p.315 [20] Rahimi, F., and Eivani, A.

Shubakov1 1National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», 119049, Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow, Russia amenushenkov@gmail.com Keywords: Fe-Co-Cr alloys, stepped aging, continuous cooling, secondary decomposition, magnetic properties.
Introduction Magnetically hard Fe-Co-Cr alloys remain attractive permanent magnet materials because of the combination of good mechanical and magnetic properties [1-3].
This work was financially supported by the State task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 2014/113 in 2014.
Magnetic Materials, Moscow: Metallurgia, 1985
Structure and magnetic properties of Fe–Cr–Co nanocrystalline alloys for permanent magnets, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 586 (2014) 291–293.

Thus improving the science and technology level in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is essential.
For example, for an industry of low material consumption and high value added, we could deduct the costs for intangible assets research and purchasing as an input tax to solve the problem of comparatively heavy VAT burden.
For the seven new industries that were proposed in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” to develop vigorously: IT, energy-saving environment-protecting, new energy, biology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new materials, new energy vehicles, we should strengthen the R&D support.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation( 71273218).
[4] Sanmang Wu: Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Vol. 1(2007), p. 24-29.

Journal Citation (to be inserted by the publisher) Copyright by Trans Tech Publications First-Principles Calculation of Positron Annihilation Characteristics in Solids: From Positron to Positronium Z.
Saito 2 1 Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan tang@imr.tohoku.ac.jp, hasegawa@imr.tohoku.ac.jp, nagai@imr.tohoku.ac.jp 2 National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan saitou.mineo@nims.go.jp Keywords: First-Principles Calculation, Electronic Structure, Positron Lifetime, Momentum Density Distribution, Defect, Positronuim Abstract.
Acknowledgements This work is partially supported by Radioactive Waste Management Funding and Research Center, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (No. 13305044, 14740199, and 15106015), and the REIMEI Research Resources of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute.

The influences of wall material, internal layout and heat dissipation on the internal Nu number were numerically studied by G.
The influence of the different chassis wall material, location of the internal circuit board and the heat of the board on the flow and temperature field were investigated.
The wall material of the sealed temperature control box is aluminum.
The thickness of the circuit board 1 and 2 are both 1.6mm with the substrate material FR- 4.
Transactions of the ASME Journal of Electronic Packaging, 2008, 130(3):011006 [6] Ralph Remsburg.