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Indentation method refers to using a head of small contact surface to compress on a material of larger surface in a particular way.
And then that method measures the elastic of parameters of the test material.
The third common method is a hybrid structure model (mixture model), which regards the organization as a mixture of the different types of materials.
Omata and Terunuma proved that the resonant frequency will change when the sensor which is made of piezoelectric material contacts different materials[26].
[3] Yuanzhen Feng: Biomechanics [M] (Science press, China 1983).PP.160-164 [4] CeLi Liu, Haiping Cheng: Journal of biomedical engineering Vol. 14 (1997) No.4, pp.380-382

Introduction Water-in-oil emulsified drilling fluids, which are often referred to as oil-based muds (OBM) or synthetic-based muds (SBM), are composed of organo-clay, alkalinity adjuster, asphaltene and weighting materials based on the water/oil emulsion stabilized by a mix of emulsifiers.
Materials and Methods Materials.
All the materials were used without further purification.
Martínez-Boza, Críspulo Gallegos: Modeling Pressure-Viscosity Behavior of Oil-Based Drilling Fluids, Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Rev.
[10] Han Zixuan, Jiang Guancheng, Li Qingyang: Synthesis and application of novel associative polymer/organically modified montmorillonites in W/O emulsions, Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2015, 10.

Material and Experiments H 300mm×300mm×10mm×15mm (height ×width× web thickness ×flange thickness)V-N micro-alloyed hot-rolled H-section steel with 500MPa yield strength was studied.
When rolling in the unrecrystallized zone, a large number of defects such as sub-grain boundaries, dislocations, and deformation bands are formed in the material.
So when the temperature is lower than a certain value, the instantaneous deformation distribution capacity is the dominant factor affecting the low temperature toughness of the material [11].
Acknowledgement This work is sponsored by Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of China National Petroleum Corporation (No.2019B-4014, 2018E-2101), National Science and Technology Major Project (No.2017ZX05009-003).
Journal of Anhui Vocational College of Metallurgy and Technology, 2017, 27(01):1-48 .

WPS Design of Dissimilar Metal Welds between Austenitic Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel for Building Thermal Power Plants Nguyen Duc Thang1,a*, Trinh Van The2,b, Nguyen Van Duc3,c 1Centre for Non-Destructive Evaluation, Vietnam 2Hanoi Institute of Technology, Vietnam 3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam athangnd.wnde@gmail.com, bhieuhtip@gmail.com, cduc.nguyenvan@hust.edu.vn Keywords: WPS, DMW, thermal power plant, austenitic stainless steel, SS 304L, 309L, carbon steel, A 106B, SMAW, GTAW, dilution, essential variables, mechanical testing, microstructure, microhardness, NDT.
Combining dissimilar metals in a weldment allows the use of the best properties of each metal, saves the materials and serves the special requirements of industries.
Mechanical Properties for materials at 350 oC.
SUPPLEMENT TO THE WELDING JOURNAL, Dec. 2008.
Materials and Applications, Part 1, Ninth Ed.

High cycle fatigue tests were carried out by MTS 322.41 electro-hydraulic universal materials test frame.
Fig. 6 shows the installed sample during the examination in the materials testing equipment.
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 34.1 (2011): 46-52
Materials, design, and manufacturing for lightweight vehicles.
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 31.9 (2008): 766-776

These operations involve machining aero-structural components that are comprised of different materials, resulting in what is known as a hybrid joint.
Fig. 3 (a) shows a bar chart of the cutting times of five different sample tools for various materials.
In some cases, certain materials can be repeated along a hole, making them the ones containing more width drilled.
Additionally, titanium has the lowest cutting length, even though it has the highest accumulated cutting time among the materials considered.
(a) (b) Fig. 3: Normalize total cutting time (a) and cutting length (b) for different tools and different materials.

Circular economy that is built on a continuous cyclic use of material and energy is a new economic model.
Journal of Safety and Environment, 2003,3(4):60～64 [2] Wang, F.M., Cheng, M.l., & Zhang, Y.
China Land Science, 2005.19(2):3~9 [9] Feng, C.T.
Beijing Science Press. 2009 [12] Zhou, Y.L., & Bao, C.K.
Beijing :Science Press . 2003 [18] Gao, J.X.

Table 5 Average Energy Utilization Pure Technical Efficiency in Industrial Sectors Average Energy Utilization Pure Technical Efficiency in Industrial Sectors from 2005 to 2010 Sorting Tobacco  Processing 1.000 1 Reclaiming and Processing of  Abandoned Resource and Waste Material 1.000 1 Production and Supply of  Electric Power and Heat 0.987 3 Beverage  Production 0.986 4 Farm  Byproducts Processing 0.927 5 Raw  Chemical Materials and Chemical Products 0.880 6 Telecommunication Equipment, Computer  and Other Electronic Equipment 0.869 7  Ordinary  Machinery Manufacturing 0.857 8 Smelting  and Pressing of Ferrous Metals 0.835 9 Transport  Equipment Manufacturing 0.770 10 Nonmetal  Mineral Products 0.763 11 Electric  Equipment and Machinery 0.740 12 Coal Mining  and Dressing 0.616 13 Papermaking  and Paper Products 0.186 31 Production and Supply of  Gas 0.184 32 Garments,  Shoes and Hats Production 0.163 33 Production  and Supply of Tap Water 0.153 34 Nonmetal  Minerals
Forum on Science and Technology in China, Vol.7(2007), p.68-72 [3] WANG Qun-wei,ZHOU De-qun.
The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics, Vol.10(2008), p.32-43 [6] CHEN Yu-yin.
Rural Economy and Science-Technology, Vol.6(2007), p.107-108 [7] SUN Hai; WANG Yuan-di; etc.
Factor Decomposition of Energy Consumption Intensity in Chinese Manufacturing Industry [J].Science & Technology Progress and Policy, Vol.26 No.20(2009), p.62-65 [8] DENG Jian.

The material cited in the review consists of recent journals and conference papers from academic databases (ScienceDirect, Google scholar, ResearchGate, etc.) as well as from other credible sources such as books and reports.
The work cited broadly covers topics such as ball bearing prognosis, fault size estimation, remaining useful life or residual life predictiction, and fault classification – predominantly journal articles and conference papers from the year 2011 through 2020.
While premature failure of a ball bearing can be attributed to many factors such as corrosion, brinelling, poor lubrication, faulty installation, incorrect design, etc., the main cause is due to material fatigue [16, 17] followed by wear [16] at the running surface.
Nagabhushana: submitted to Journal of Physics (2012) [14] J.E.
Gao, Neural networks for machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis, Computer and Systems Sciences 185 (2003) 167-185

Xue School of Material Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051 P.R.
It follows:(1) Modulus method could not precisely describe the change of solidification time considering the heat dissipation effect like edge conditions, chills and edges and corners.(2) Modulus method could not performances the effects to solidification time because of the different sand materials.(3) Modulus method doesn’t consider the effects to solidification time because of the materials’ characteristics such as the superheat of pouring temperature and the latent heat of the casting materials.
But riser design based on CAE casting was considering the effects of material physical parameters, pouring temperature and chill etc on the time solidification, subsequently carries on the riser design.
The material of the part was B steel, and the chemical composition was C:0.20-0.28%,Si:0.70-1.00,Mn:0.70-1.00%,Ni:0.30-0.40%, Cu:≤ 0.30%。
Journal of North China Institute of Technology,2004,25 (2) :147-149