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Table.1 Transformation-Flow-Value Theory[5] production transformation theory production flow theory value generation theory Concept From input to output conversion A material flow from the conversion, checking, moving and waiting for the composition Customer demand for the purpose, the process of creating the most value Main Principles Effective operation of production By eliminating non-value added activities to eliminate waste Maximize value Practical Application Task management Process management Value management Assistive Technology of Lean Construction.
For construction enterprises, zero inventory is to minimize the stock material and construction site materials in construction process as far as possible and to put materials into production immediately, avoiding secondary transfer fee[8] no longer.
Each process should execute strictly with the requirements proposed by next process, including personnel, materials, and machinery equipment.
(In Chinese) [11] Daozhi Zhao,Leiqiao Tuo: Journal of Hebei University of Engineering,2007,24(1):1(In Chinese) [12] Renxia Zhang: Research on Economics and Management Vol. (12)( 2005),p.43-45.
(In Chinese) [17] Hongqiang Yang: Science-Technology and Management, 2011, 13(3):101-104.

That is, it requires reducing the input of resources, and the wastes discharging into the environment during the economic activities can be assimilated by the environment and further recycled, which makes the material resources be used circularly many times in the economic system.
And the development requirements of low carbon society can be realized by cutting down the usage of resources, utilizing renewable materials, recycling resources, using environmental label products and public transits, etc, to lessen the influence of MICE to the city’s resources and environment.”
He pointed out the specific implementation steps of Green MICE, such as, using environmental paper publicity materials, following the principle of convenience when choosing venues, lodgings and dining places, recovering the recycling paper wastes when the meeting was over, etc.
Acknowledgements This paper is one of the staged achievements of the Research on Green MICE’s Evaluation Index System and Evaluation Methods (J11WG55) funded by Shandong Provincial Humanities and Social Sciences Research Programmes 2011 References [1] Cheng Yan.
Journal of Hunan University of Commerce, 2008, 15 (5): 65-68.

This science is aimed to improve the work procedure, work techniques, work equipments and match them to mental and physical characteristics of human.
Target group and design criteria regarding to the mantioned materials and the study of domestic and foreign samples of dining table, it is necessary to be considered the following points in design as the premier criteria: using Iranians‘ eating style and custom; solving the ergnomic problems of sitting; using Islam instructions about the most correct ways on eating; making the form of dining table closer to Iranian forms; using the most modern and updated scientific methods in designing, such as modular design; easy pakaging; easy transportation; low weight and using an adequate material which is durable and easy to clean.
Finally the refined data was organized and classified based on the functional, ergonomic and aesthetic states called design criteria as follow: · Smart use of materials and forms in order to clean the table easily; · Contractibility in a small area when it is unused; · Considering the special ceremonies such as Ramadan and time of breaking a fast and dawning; · Changeability of its application from a familial friendly space to a formal party space; · Ease of individuals’ accessability to the things on the table; · Rotatability of table screen; · Assigning some special spaces to place anything (glass, saltshaker, etc.); · It helps to bring meals and take their containers to kitchen after finishing the food; · Being inspired from Iranian art; · Having the sense of comfort during eating; · Reminding the thanksgiving by the form and design of table or tablecloth; · Considering the ergonomic standards of sitting; · Adjustability of its height; · Low weight and easy portability;
The premier criteria, such as the use of Iraninans’ eating style and custom, the resolution of ergonomic sitting problems, the use of Islam instructions about the most correct methods of eating, making the form of furniture closer to Iranian forms, the use of most recent and updated scientific techniques in design like modular design, easy packaging, easy transportaion, low weight and the use of materials which are durable and easy to clean were gathered.
: submitted to Journal of Nafte Pars (2004) [5] T.L.

Effects of long-time aging on fatigue crack propagation behaviors of a hardworking Ni-based superalloy Lei Wang1, a*, Yang Liu1, b, Xiu Song1, c, Guohua Xu2 and Guangpu Zhao2 1Key Lab for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, P.
China 2Department of High-temperature Materials, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, 100083, P.
Therefore, superalloy with high strength, high toughness, excellent resistance to fatigue crack propagation, and microstructure stability under long-term service is being required, in order to meet the demand for aerospace materials [6].
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 51001021).
Wanhill, Significance of dwell cracking for IN718 turbine discs, International Journal of Fatigue. 24 (2002) 545-555

Correlation of Mechanical Properties of Cast Al 3xx Alloys to Processing Variables and Alloy Chemistry Using Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Network Techniques Daryoush Emadi 1,a and Musbah Mahfoud 2,b 1 Materials Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 2 Department of Materials Engineering, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya a daryoush.emadi@mcgill.ca , b m_mahfoud@hotmail.com Keywords: mechanical properties; aluminium, 3xx alloys, artificial neural network; regression analysis.
Mahfoud, J. of Materials Sci. & Eng.
Samuel, Journal of Materials Science Vol. 33 (1998), p.2269-81 [13] Guo J, Zhu H, and Jia J., Mater.

The material used for the test print was a ceramic powder composite combined with clear binder (cyanoacrylate based).
Journal of Biomecanics, 23 617-621
Science and Technology 1996 1760-1767 [11] S.
Banerjee, Fundamentals of Medical Implant Materials in: R.
Materials for Medical Devices.

If the metal-lattice bond energy is the lowest, the material dissolves, and the second stage may be referred to as complex ionization.
Analysis of methods used to study pitting corrosion also shows that electrochemical methods can produced quantitative data on how various factors affect the resistance of structural materials to pitting so as to predict such resistance.
As a rule, the primary pitting-resistance indicator is the pitting potential at which the material passivity is disturbed by sufficient concentrations of Cl ions [6].
Li, Study on pitting process of 316L stainless steel by means of staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 18(1) (2011) 48-54
Soltis, Passivity breakdown, pit initiation and propagation of pits in metallic materials– Review, Corrosion Science, 4-6 (2014)

Usually, in order to solve the problem of low load frequency and long test cycle of full-scale fatigue apparatus, pre-cracked small-scale specimen could be employed to determine the crack propagation rate and the fracture toughness of materials, with the help of which, the residual fatigue strength and critical crack length of pipes could be evaluated by full-scale fatigue tests in turn.
The Fatigue Failure is Located in the Base Material of Pipes The fatigue crack always initiates from external surface of pipe (base material),which makes contact with internal surface of clamp, then penetrates through the wall thickness, and finally propagates along the circumferential direction of pipe.
If some manufacturing defects have existed in the base material of pipe, the fatigue strength of base material under heavy stress amplitude range is lower than that of welded joint and result in the crack first.
China Railway Science, 1983, (1): 73 – 84
Numerical analysis of fatigue growth of external surface cracks in pressurized cylinders, Int Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 1997, (71): 293～300.

Bachorczyk 1,2 1 AGH University of Science and Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland 2 Joint Research Centre, Petten, the Netherlands a rof@agh.edu.pl Keywords: Co-Fe-Ni, interdiffusion, ternary alloy, intrinsic diffusion coefficient, activation energy, Danielewski-Holly model, modelling Abstract.
Experimental Procedure Cobalt, iron and nickel (99.98 pct purity) were used as initial materials.
The compositions of materials were determined by a chemical analysis and the level of homogeneity of materials used in subsequent diffusion experiments were determined by EDS analysis.
Filipek: Archives of Metallurgy and Materials Vol. 49 No. 2 (2004), p. 201
Mad: Computer Journal Vol. 7 (1965) , p. 308 [9] S.N.

Study of the Performance Characteristics of Erbium-Containing Laser Glasses Liudmyla Bragina1*,a, Dmytro Petrov1,b, Nazar Kovalenko2,c, Sergiy Philonenko3, d 1Department of ceramics, refractories, class and enamel technology, National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, 2, Kyrpychova, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002 2Institute for Single Crystals, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60, Nauky ave., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61001 3State Enterprise “Izyum Instrument-Making Plant”, 66, Nezalejnosty ave.
These are temperature, materials for crucibles, the method of quality control and the processing of rod active elements.
To minimize the ingress of impurities into the glass melt, raw materials of qualification "extremely clean" were used.
Materials, Systems and Application, Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials, New Delhi, 2013 [2] V.
Fromzel, Energy Parameters of Lasers Utilizing Erbium Glasses Sensitized with Ytterbium and Chromium, Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics, V 14, No 1, 66, (2007) [5] A.