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A Novel Methodology for Optimization of Properties, Costs and Sustainability of Aluminium Extrusions
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Trond Furu, Ole Runar Myhr, Rune Østhus, Jostein Søreide
For this case study, the number of degrees of freedom for the input variables amounts to 84, giving a total of 324 million possible combinations.
This huge number is the reason why some sort of optimization technique is the only realistic way of seeking optimum combinations of alloy compositions and processing conditions.
The two former parameters are important for the formation of dispersoids, where a high Mn content and a low homogenization temperature give a high number density of small dispersoids.
Aging DC sy Grain str.
Nes, Modeling recrystallization kinetics, grain sizes, and textures during multipass hot rolling, Metal.
This huge number is the reason why some sort of optimization technique is the only realistic way of seeking optimum combinations of alloy compositions and processing conditions.
The two former parameters are important for the formation of dispersoids, where a high Mn content and a low homogenization temperature give a high number density of small dispersoids.
Aging DC sy Grain str.
Nes, Modeling recrystallization kinetics, grain sizes, and textures during multipass hot rolling, Metal.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Wei Guang Yang, Wei Min Shi, Yang Liao, Ji Rong Li, Jun Qian, Shu Yi Lu
Au was deposited on the grain surface forming excellent ohmic contact with polycrystalline α-HgI2 film which was also confirmed by the I-V characteristic of HgI2 film after the process of evaporating Au electrode.
This is due to the material’s high atomic number (Hg=80, I=53), low energy requirement for generation of electron-hole pairs (4.2eV) and the high mobility-lifetime product (μt) of the majority charge carriers (electrons) [1].
However, in Fig.3(a), the grains have more smoother surfaces, while in Fig.3(b), Au was deposited on the grain surface forming excellent ohmic contact with polycrystalline α-HgI2 films.
Firstly, due to the small particles of Au, they are able to fill in the interspace between the HgI2 grains which can low the series resistance of the detector.
This is due to the material’s high atomic number (Hg=80, I=53), low energy requirement for generation of electron-hole pairs (4.2eV) and the high mobility-lifetime product (μt) of the majority charge carriers (electrons) [1].
However, in Fig.3(a), the grains have more smoother surfaces, while in Fig.3(b), Au was deposited on the grain surface forming excellent ohmic contact with polycrystalline α-HgI2 films.
Firstly, due to the small particles of Au, they are able to fill in the interspace between the HgI2 grains which can low the series resistance of the detector.
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Yustiasih Purwaningrum, Triyono Triyono, Tegar Rileh Argihono, Ryan Sutrisno
While the microstructure of weld metals are acicular ferrite, grain boundary ferrite, and widmanstatten ferrite.
There are the caused of a large number of failures in the industry [1].
The thing that differentiates them is the size of grain size.
The microstructure of welding metal is acicular ferrite, Widmanstatten ferrite and grain boundary ferrite (Fig. 8).
Microstructure of weld metals was accicular ferrite, grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite. 2.
There are the caused of a large number of failures in the industry [1].
The thing that differentiates them is the size of grain size.
The microstructure of welding metal is acicular ferrite, Widmanstatten ferrite and grain boundary ferrite (Fig. 8).
Microstructure of weld metals was accicular ferrite, grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite. 2.
Online since: July 2007
Authors: Yoshinobu Motohashi, Takaaki Sakuma, H. Ishimura, Y. Kobayashi
Meanwhile, superplasticity has been found in a number of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals
(TZP).
Experimental The material used in this study is the 4ScSZ with an initial average grain size of 0.54 µm.
(a) e=218% 0ε& =5.0×10 -4s-1, (b) e=185% 0ε& =2.0×10 -3s-1 changes in grain boundary structures during SPD, can affect the conductivity.
Let us, therefore, focus on these two causes: Although it has been shown that a sample having a larger average grain size possesses higher conductivity than the one having smaller grain size, this would not be the case, because the conductivity values measured for the parallel and grip parts cut from the same specimen deformed at a lower strain-rate of 5.0×10 -4s-1 were almost the same[see Fig.8 (a)], despite the fact that the grain sizes of both samples were different from each other; parallel part had larger grain size because of strain-induced grain growth during SPD.
Another difference of microstructures between the parallel and grip parts is the amount of cavities: In the parallel part, a great number of fine and equi-axial shaped cavities were formed due to grain boundary sliding (GBS) during SPD, while in the grip part no such cavities were formed.
Experimental The material used in this study is the 4ScSZ with an initial average grain size of 0.54 µm.
(a) e=218% 0ε& =5.0×10 -4s-1, (b) e=185% 0ε& =2.0×10 -3s-1 changes in grain boundary structures during SPD, can affect the conductivity.
Let us, therefore, focus on these two causes: Although it has been shown that a sample having a larger average grain size possesses higher conductivity than the one having smaller grain size, this would not be the case, because the conductivity values measured for the parallel and grip parts cut from the same specimen deformed at a lower strain-rate of 5.0×10 -4s-1 were almost the same[see Fig.8 (a)], despite the fact that the grain sizes of both samples were different from each other; parallel part had larger grain size because of strain-induced grain growth during SPD.
Another difference of microstructures between the parallel and grip parts is the amount of cavities: In the parallel part, a great number of fine and equi-axial shaped cavities were formed due to grain boundary sliding (GBS) during SPD, while in the grip part no such cavities were formed.
Online since: July 2021
Authors: Romyani Goswami
The number of film forming precursor increases with RF power due to decomposition of silane gas and Rd increases.
From Fig. 5a, the volume fraction of the crystalline grains in the film was deduced from the mean size of the grains and film thickness.
No sharp or distinct grains were observed in the Si:H matrix of the other nanocrystalline films, however, at the optimum power (40 W), distinct grains are present in the sharp-grain-boundary region.
It is well known that grain boundaries contain polyhydride bonds.
The grain boundary region depends not only on the size of crystallites but also on the number density of crystalline grains in the amorphous tissue.
From Fig. 5a, the volume fraction of the crystalline grains in the film was deduced from the mean size of the grains and film thickness.
No sharp or distinct grains were observed in the Si:H matrix of the other nanocrystalline films, however, at the optimum power (40 W), distinct grains are present in the sharp-grain-boundary region.
It is well known that grain boundaries contain polyhydride bonds.
The grain boundary region depends not only on the size of crystallites but also on the number density of crystalline grains in the amorphous tissue.
Online since: March 2021
Authors: Zakiah Ahmad, Muhammad Bazli Faliq Mohd Puaad, Nurul Faiizin Abdul Aziz, Adrina Rosseira Abu Talip, Mohd Hanafie Yasin
Without a doubt, there are numbers of local research has been done based on Eurocode 5 EN 408:2010 in recent years.
Apart from that, bending also has been identified in producing a great deal of horizontal shear parallel to grain, and compression perpendicular to grain at the supports.
In detail, 30 sticks of each species were selected from a larger number of pieces, which has been cut from green material.
Extra care has been taken to keep the long edges remained parallel to the grain.
Comparison between compression strength perpendicular to the grain and shear strength parallel to the grain of western hemlock [tsuga heterophylla] lumber.
Apart from that, bending also has been identified in producing a great deal of horizontal shear parallel to grain, and compression perpendicular to grain at the supports.
In detail, 30 sticks of each species were selected from a larger number of pieces, which has been cut from green material.
Extra care has been taken to keep the long edges remained parallel to the grain.
Comparison between compression strength perpendicular to the grain and shear strength parallel to the grain of western hemlock [tsuga heterophylla] lumber.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Nigel A. Stone, Wayne Wright, Marty O'Byrne, Stuart Bow
Consequently a number of years ago the Synthetic Rutile Enhancement Process (SREP) was developed which removes the thorium contamination through the use of a boron containing mineral additive [[].
As part of the assessment of the various compositions, a number of standard tests were carried out according to the relevant Australian Standards AS 1774.
In addition, this sample still showed both the penetration of iron into the titania phases and into the mullitic grains.
Reaction of CAS liquid with Mulcoa grain surface Figure 17.
This proprietary product has been used in this application for a number of years allowing the production of high grade synthetic rutile.
As part of the assessment of the various compositions, a number of standard tests were carried out according to the relevant Australian Standards AS 1774.
In addition, this sample still showed both the penetration of iron into the titania phases and into the mullitic grains.
Reaction of CAS liquid with Mulcoa grain surface Figure 17.
This proprietary product has been used in this application for a number of years allowing the production of high grade synthetic rutile.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Hans Maier
Chemical elements with low atomic number transported into the plasma are fully
ionized at the typical plasma temperatures of a fusion experiment and therefore cannot emit line
radiation.
Tungsten with its high atomic number can be tolerated as a plasma impurity only to an extent of the order of 10-5 because it is not fully ionized and therefore can lead to radiative cooling of the plasma [6].
As the number of individual tiles of the ASDEX Upgrade first wall is on the order of 1000, an industrial scale method had to be defined.
The result for fine grain graphite mentioned above is shown for reference as a solid line at -500 MPa.
As in the previous screening tests, no damage of the tungsten films on the fine grain graphite was observed.
Tungsten with its high atomic number can be tolerated as a plasma impurity only to an extent of the order of 10-5 because it is not fully ionized and therefore can lead to radiative cooling of the plasma [6].
As the number of individual tiles of the ASDEX Upgrade first wall is on the order of 1000, an industrial scale method had to be defined.
The result for fine grain graphite mentioned above is shown for reference as a solid line at -500 MPa.
As in the previous screening tests, no damage of the tungsten films on the fine grain graphite was observed.
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Junichi Hojo, Soo Wohn Lee, Naoya Enomoto, Kai Kamada, Dae Ho Choi
In order to develop the porous alumina
ceramics with high strength, as the amount of carbon black increased, the number of
small pores increased because the pore characteristics and relative density the influence
of SPS condition and carbon black content on was studied.
The vacuum sintering of the mixture of alumina and carbon black, and subsequent heat treatment in air leads to a homogeneous porous structure interconnected by well-defined alumina grains.
As the amount of carbon black increased the number of small pores became large. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 100 300 20 Heating rate(℃℃℃℃/min) Flexural strength (Mpa) AC9010 AC8020 AC7030 AC6040 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 100 300 20 Heating rate(℃℃℃℃/min) Flexural strength (Mpa) AC9010 AC8020 AC7030 AC6040 AC9010 AC8020 AC7030 AC6040 Fig. 3 Effect of heating rate on flexural strength for various specimens (pressure 50MPa, holding time 5min).
On the other hand, the rapid heating at 300°C/min slightly decreased the flexural strength, because of insufficient connection between alumina grains.
As the amount of carbon black increased the number of small pores became large.
The vacuum sintering of the mixture of alumina and carbon black, and subsequent heat treatment in air leads to a homogeneous porous structure interconnected by well-defined alumina grains.
As the amount of carbon black increased the number of small pores became large. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 100 300 20 Heating rate(℃℃℃℃/min) Flexural strength (Mpa) AC9010 AC8020 AC7030 AC6040 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 100 300 20 Heating rate(℃℃℃℃/min) Flexural strength (Mpa) AC9010 AC8020 AC7030 AC6040 AC9010 AC8020 AC7030 AC6040 Fig. 3 Effect of heating rate on flexural strength for various specimens (pressure 50MPa, holding time 5min).
On the other hand, the rapid heating at 300°C/min slightly decreased the flexural strength, because of insufficient connection between alumina grains.
As the amount of carbon black increased the number of small pores became large.
Online since: November 2010
Authors: Ji Kun Zhao
With the load increasing at the same time, the number of samples is also increased damage elements.
As the number of times the value of simulation is to rock as a homogeneous material.
The number of times the value of simulation in line with the second failure mode, and the paper [5] has the same conclusion, that the model is reasonable.
The reason is: non-uniform materials, the stress distribution will appear uneven nature is reflected in the actual rocks and defects due to the random distribution of grain, when subject to external load.
These reflect the actual rock because of the grain and the defects of the random distribution.
As the number of times the value of simulation is to rock as a homogeneous material.
The number of times the value of simulation in line with the second failure mode, and the paper [5] has the same conclusion, that the model is reasonable.
The reason is: non-uniform materials, the stress distribution will appear uneven nature is reflected in the actual rocks and defects due to the random distribution of grain, when subject to external load.
These reflect the actual rock because of the grain and the defects of the random distribution.