A Review of Shear Properties for Malaysian Tropical Timber in Structural Size

Abstract:

In recent years, the studies on producing data on physical and mechanical properties of Malaysian timber specimens have evolved from small clear specimen to structural size specimen, where most of the research method was based on the American Standard Testing Manual ASTM D198. Numerous data regarding mechanical properties on structural size specimen have been produced through this method, such as bending and compression test. Unfortunately, studies on shear properties on structural size timber are very scarce. It has reviewed that the global timber researchers are focusing to produce data on shear properties of European timber species such as Oak, Spruce and Pine where both shear strength and shear modulus data were obtained from bending and torsion test. Furthermore, from the review of the existing literature, it is clear that there is no proper studies focusing on development of shear properties of Malaysian tropical timber, especially torsion test in accordance with EN 408:2010. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the shear properties (shear strength and shear modulus) of Malaysian Tropical Timber in large size.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1025)
• Pages: 325-333
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1025.325
• Online since: March 2021
• Authors: Muhammad Bazli Faliq Mohd Puaad*, Zakiah Ahmad, Nurul Faiizin Abdul Aziz, Adrina Rosseira Abu Talip, Mohd Hanafie Yasin
• Keywords: Bending Test, Malaysian Tropical Timber, Shear Properties, Structural Size, Torsion Test

References

[1] Puaad, M.B.F.M, 2013 Bending And Compressive Properties Of Malaysian Timber In Structural Size. Master of Science Thesis. Faculty of Civil Engineering. Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Selangor. Malaysia.

DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.c8362.029420

[2] BS 5268-2:2002. Structural use of timber - Part 2: Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship.

DOI: 10.3403/02523903

[3] BS 373: 1957. Standard Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber.

[4] MS 544 Part 2: 2001. Code of Practice for Structural Use of Timber. Department of Standard. Malaysia. Department of Standard. Malaysia.

[5] ASTM D143: 2009. Standard Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber.

[6] Chu, Y.P., Ho, K.S., Midon, M.S., Malik, A.R.A. (1997). Timber Design Handbook. FRIM, Malaysia. Kepong.

[7] Ahmad, Z.,. (2013). Laminated Veneer Lumber Made From Tropical Forest Trees (Mechanical Properties). UiTM Press. UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia.

[8] Anonymous. (2011). Malaysia : Forestry & Environment (Fact & Figure). Malaysian Timber Council, Kuala Lumpur.

[9] Anonymous. (2008). 100 Malaysian Timbers. Malaysian Timber Industry Board. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.

[10] Ahmad, Y. (2010). Bending Behavior Of Timber Beams Strengthened Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars And Plates. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Johor. Malaysia.

DOI: 10.30880/jaita.2021.02.02.009

[11] Shujaatullah, S., Ahmad, Y. (2015). Flexural timber design to eurocode 5 and the malaysian timber code MS 544: 2001. Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 27 Special Issue (1):207-223.

[12] Hassan, R., Ahmad, Z., Ibrahim, A., Noh, M.S. (2004). Compresisive Strength Properties Of Structural Size Timber Made From Selected Malaysian Tropical Timber. Institute Penyelidikan, Pembangunan Dan Komersilan, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam , Malaysia.

DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.c8362.029420

[13] San, H.P. (2003). Basic engineering Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Produced From Tropical Hardwood Species. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis. Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia. Selangor. Malaysia.

DOI: 10.15282/jmes.11.2.2017.8.0242

[14] Ahmad, Z., Bon, Y. C., Wahab. E.S.A. (2003).Tensile Strength Properties of Tropical Hardwoods in Structural Size Testing. International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol: 10 No: 03, (2003).

[15] Ahmad, Z., Hasan, R. (2012). Timber Properties using Dielectric Constant in Low Frequency Technique. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller GmbH & Co. Saarbrucken. Germany.

[16] Jamil, A.W.M. Roszalli, M. (2015). Flexural Evaluation Of Timber Scaffold Boards Using Two Loading Methods. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 27(4): 548–562 (2015).

[17] Khokhar, A.M. (2011). The evaluation of shear properties of timber beams using torsion test method. Doctor of Philosophy. Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.

[18] Rammer, D. R., Soltis, L. A., Lebow, P. K. (1996). Experimental shear strength of unchecked solid-sawn Douglas-fir. Madison, WI, USA: FPL-RP-553, USDA Forest Services, Forest Products Laboratory.

[19] Green, D.W., Winandy., Kretshmann, D.E. (1999). Mechanical Properties Of Wood. Chapter 4 Wood-as an Engineering Material. Forest Product Laboratory, Madison Wiscinson.

[20] Green, D.W., Ross, R.J. (1997). Linking Log Quality With Product Performance, In: Proc., IUFRO All Division 5 Inter. Conf. IUFRO Secritariat, Vienna, Austria.

[21] Foschi R.O.(1982). Structural analysis of wood floor system. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol 108, NO 7, pp.1557-1574.

[22] Chui Y. H. (2002). Application of ribbed-Plate theory of predict vibrational serviceability of timber floor systems. The Proceedings of 7th World Conference on Timber Engineering WCTE, Vol 4, 2002, pp.87-93.

[23] Jiang, L., Hu, L.J., Chui, Y. H., (2004). A finite element model for wood-based floor structures with lateral reinforcemenT. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering. PP 1097-1107.

[24] Divos, F., Tanaka, T., Nagao, H., Kato, H. (1998). Determination of shear modulus on construction size timber. Wood Science and Technology , 32 (06), 393-402.

DOI: 10.1007/bf00702796

[25] Yoshihara, H., Furushima, T. (2003). Shear strengths of wood measured by various short beam shear test methods. Wood Science and Technology , 37 (03), 188-197.

DOI: 10.1007/s00226-003-0180-x

[26] Ido, H., Nagao, H., Kato., H. (2007). Comparison between compression strength perpendicular to the grain and shear strength parallel to the grain of western hemlock [tsuga heterophylla] lumber. Bulletin of the Forestry and Forest Products.

[27] Gupta R., Heck L. R., Miller T. H. (2002). Experimental evaluation of the torsion test for determining shear strength of structural lumber. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp.283-290.

DOI: 10.1520/jte12318j

[28] Gupta, R., Siller, T. (2005a). Shear strength of structural composite lumber using torsion tests. Journal of Testing and Evaluation , 33 (02), 100-117.

DOI: 10.1520/jte12287

[29] USDA. (1999). Wood Handbook: Wood as an engineering material. US Department of Agriculture and Forest Product Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA.

[30] Hindman D., Manbeck H. B., Janowiak J. J. (2005). Torsional rigidity of rectangular wood composite materials. Wood and Fiber Science, Vol. 37, PT 2, pp.283-291. 15.

[31] Harrison, K. S. (2006). Comparison of shear modulus test methods. MSc Thesis . Blacksburg, VA, USA.

[32] Howard, C.H. (1964). Comparison of block shear methods for determining shearing strength of solid wood. U.S Forest Service Research Note. United States Department of Agriculture.

[33] Keenen F. J.,(1974). Shear strength of wood beams , Forest Products Journal, Vol. 24, No. 09, pp.63-70.

[34] Vafai A., Pinus G. (1973). Torsional and bending behaviour of wood beams. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 99, ST6, pp.1205-1221.

[35] EN338:2009. (2009). Timber structures - strength classes. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.

[36] EN384:2003. (2003). Structural timber-determination of characteristic values of mechanical properties and density. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.

[37] EN408:20010. (2010). Timber structures - structural timber and glued laminated timber - determination of some physical and mechanical properties perpendicular to the grain. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.

DOI: 10.3403/01306616

[38] ASTM D2915: 1994. Standard Practice For Sampling And Data-Analysis For Structural Wood And Wood-Based Products.

[39] ASTM D198: 2009. Standard Test Method for Static Test of Lumber in Structural.

[40] AS/NZ 4063: 1995. Timber – Stress Grade – In Grade Strength and Stiffness Evaluation. Standards Australia. North Sydney, NSW. Australia.ummel, D. (2008). Chapter 17 – The International Vortex Flow Experiment 2 (VFE-2): Objectives and Overview. RTO-TR-AVT-113, Page 17-1 – 17-20.