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Solving these objectives is based on the awareness on the processes that determine the formation and properties of various types of welding.
Research in [13–17] prove that the structural-phase state of metal that is formed during welding influences the physical and mechanical properties of products.
Thus, the knowledge of phase composition, morphology and the state of defect substructure in heat-affected zone of welding joint will enable to not only estimate the strength properties of the whole welded item but it will also give an opportunity to predict the welding joint behaviour during its operation.
The width of the welded metal zone did not exceed 12 mm; the size of heat-affected zone was no more than 5 mm.
[19] Gagauz V P, Kozlov E V, Danilov V I, Ivanov Y F and Gromov V E 2008 The structural-phase state and mechanical properties of thick welding joints (Novokuznetsk: Izdatelstvo SibGIU) p 150 [20] Smirnov A N, Koneva N A, Folmer S V, Popova N A and Kozlov E V 2009 Damage rate of welding joints.

The fines content in soils is one of the most important factors in cracking development, leading to it being of great importance to quantitatively study how the cracking development is influenced by the fines content.
For instance, crack is the weak part for soil mass and it is easy for the decline of soil strength and increase of its compressibility caused by cracks development[2]; In addition, the propagation and connection of cracks will greatly alert the hydraulic properties of soil mass[3].
The significant influence of cracks on soil physical and mechanical properties has made soil cracking study be one of the hottest topics in engineering geology.
It is also still not enough to understand the main intrinsic and environment factors affecting the formation and propagation of cracks for the soils are high complex and conditioned by a large number of variables[2].
For the intrinsic factors, the existed references show a lot of soil characteristics can produce influence on soil cracking, including clay content, mineral content and its composition, specific surface area and ion-exchange capacity, of which, clay content is treated as the most important factor that has been often used to distinguish the potential for soil shrinking and cracking[4].

Introduction Structural elements made of laminated composite materials (CM) have high mechanical characteristics, while they have a pronounced anisotropy of properties, both in terms of deformation and in terms of strength [1-2].
In most cases, during the solution of multicriteria optimization problems or the solution of optimization problems according to a specific criterion for a multifactorial system with a large number of orthogonal factors, it is advisable to find not a single optimum point, which may not exist, but a certain area of optimal values.
Each weave has its own texture, density and other properties that determine its use in one or another case.
The properties of composites also depend on the strength and elastic properties of the matrix and its adhesion to the fiber.
Properties of high-strength and high-modulus fibers Indicators of properties Density, g/cm3 Strength, GPa Elasticity coefficient, GPa Ultimate service temperature, °С Para-aramid 1,4-1,5 2,7-5,5 90-195 450 Carbon 1,6-2,0 2,5-5,0 200-700 450 Glass 2,2-2,8 1,5-5,0 50-90 550 Basalt 2,6-3,0 3,4-4,0 80-85 700 Table 2.

Lots of experiments and researches show that concrete is a kind of typical sensitive material [2,3], of which the fracture strain is significantly affected by strain rate.
Thus, the mechanical properties and damage characteristics of concrete change greatly under dynamic load.
Because the compressive strength was the most important and basic mechanical properties, the compressive strength was used as a basic parameters to evaluate the mechanics properties of the concrete.
In Fig.3, it was the relationship between damage factors D and ‘freezing’ strain for 6 different strain rates.
In conclusion, the constitutive model of concrete after impact load followed: (5) Fig.6 were the static load curve and fitting curve after impact load, and it showed that the concrete constitutive equation established in this paper could describe the mechanics properties of dynamic damage of concrete very well.

Carl [1] studied stretch stimulation will also affect the bone marrow stromal cells to a frequency of 1Hz, should be variable by 2%, 8% stretch three cycles in one day, two hours per cycle, each cycle break of one hour, continued three days was made after RT-PCR analysis.
Runx2 is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation, it can be learned that the tension force can promote into bone cells differentiation [2].
Mechanical force to stimulate the hardware architecture of the cell growth analyzer.
Dielectrophoresis Force, refers to different types of cells in the same alternating electric field due to their different dielectric properties, suffered the size of the direction of the DEP force will be different.
Tensile mechanical strain up-regulates Runx2 and osteogenic factor expression in human periosteal cells: Implications for distraction osteogenesis.

Introduction The soil and rock on the slope, affected by river water erosion, groundwater activity, earthquake, artificial cutting slope and other factors, under the action of gravity, along a weak plane or belt, integrally or dispersedly slide down natural phenomenon [1,2].
At present, the Bei’an-Heihe highway is being widen to expressway, design stage investigation results show that some sections are located in landslide body, affected by landform, topography, rainfall, freeze-thaw and other factors, foundation of some sections are in unstable state, bring enormous difficulties to widening.
Indoor experiment The basic properties of rupture surface soil.
The safety factor decreases linearly with water content increasing when the water content of rupture surface soil is greater than 27%, employ linear function to fit the curve of safety factor affected by water content.
Rock and soil properties: bedrock of the landslide is upper Cretaceous Nenjiang formation mudstone and sandstone, compact structure, poor permeability, and a natural isolation layer; water aggregate on the surface of the mudstone and sandstone and make the rupture surface soil saturated.

These properties make Ni-Al a promising potential material for high-temperature applications.
Fortunately, these disadvantageous properties can be overcome by producing materials with a nano-crystalline structure reinforced with uniformly distributed ceramic particles [1-3].
However high temperature processing often results in grain growth and, as a consequence, the material loses the unique properties which are closely related to the nano-crystalline structure.
The work was concerned with examining the properties of the nano-crystalline NiAl sintered compacts and NiAl-TiC composites consolidated using the Pulse Plasma Sintering (PPS) method, developed at the Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering of Warsaw University of Technology.
Figure 5 shows how the TiC phase content affects the hardness and the critical stress intensity factor (KIC).

Chitosan has been combined with a variety of biopolymers and bioceramic systems, such as hyaluronic acid, carbon nanotubes, growth factors, HA and calcium phosphate [5-9].
The scaffolds need sufficient mechanical properties to provide space maintenance at the fracture site and to prevent collapse of the scaffold pores.
Polymer-ceramic scaffold such as Chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds had previously been shown to have both superior mechanical properties [8,10-12].
The scaffolds need sufficient mechanical properties to provide space maintenance at the fracture site and to prevent collapse of the scaffold pores [10].
Using different composition and parameters cause change in pore size and mechanical properties of the scaffold.

Many current scintillators are based on these great luminescence properties of Ce3+.
The transparent ceramic materials not only have excellent mechanical and physical property, but they have high dopant concentration and uniformity compared to single crystal materials [7].
The transparency and mechanical properties of the transparent ceramics will be affected.
Effect of heat treatment in HF atmosphere on the optical and electrical properties of BaF2 ceramics[J].
Effect Factors of YAG Nano-Sized Powder by CO-precipitation Mathod[J].

They are based on the correlation between the characteristics of their mechanical and magnetic properties.
It is necessary to take into account that the magnetic characteristics of ferromagnetic steel are influenced by various factors when the relationship between magnetic and mechanical properties is determined.
It can be used as a parameter for non-destructive testing of mechanical properties. 3.
The magnitude of the second kind stress in hardened steel affects both the relaxation coercive field force and the mechanical properties.
Shevnin, Magnetic control of mechanical properties in rolled products, Yekaterinburg: Uro RAS 254 (2002)