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In addition, Cd and Sb are chosen as alloying elements, aiming at improving the deformation ability without reducing the mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy.
Testing alloys were divided into two major alloys.
The microstructure of as-cast alloy AZ31 consists of two phases, α-Mg matrix and β (Mg17Al12) intermetallic compound in two kinds of morphologies.
Sb as an alloying element in AZ31 alloys greatly controls solidification behavior of the alloys and in turn affects their microstructure.
Alloys Compd., in press.

Form Accuracy of Optical Mould Inserts Made From Rapidly Solidified Aluminium Alloys K.
Conclusions Optical components made from polymers are plastic injected in mould machined from nonferrous alloys such as aluminium.
Dehghani, Structure and properties of nanostructured aluminum a413. 1 produced by melt spinning compared with ingot microstructure, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 457, 1, (2008), pp.357-361
Fillit, Surface characterization of aluminum alloys after diamond turning, Journal of materials processing technology, 178, 1, (2006), pp.154-161
Shaw, Ultra-precision machining of aluminium alloy surfaces for optical applications, International Journal of Nanomanufacturing, 7, 2, (2011), pp.116-125

Synthetic HA has been used for various biomedical applications, like matrices for drug release control, bone cements, tooth paste additive, adsorbent for removing pathogenic proteins from blood for blood purification therapy, monolithic implants or coatings on metallic implants, such as Ti alloys, Co-Cr-Mo alloys or stainless steels, etc [1].
As an antibacterial material silver and silver-based compounds found to be very effective on 16 kinds of bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with their antiseptic properties [9].
As demonstrated by the formation of many other apatite compounds the apatite lattice can easily expand and contract.
All these compounds have the same hexagonal structure.
Zhang: European Polymer Journal Vol. 42 (2006), p. 3171

The reactive magnetron sputtering has been used for preparation of various compound thin films because of its ability to achieve a high rate, good quality and it’s can be adapted to a large-area coating for industrial [5].
The aim of this study is to study the effect of the oxygen flow rate on the crystal structure, deposition rate, morphology and optical properties of the NbO films prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering on unheated substrate.
Graça, NbO/Nb2O5 core–shells by thermal oxidation, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 33 (2013) 3077-3083
Limsuwan, Structural, optical and hydrophilic properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 ultra-thin films prepared by pulsed dc reactive magnetron sputtering, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509 (2011) 4520-4524

MMCs can be defined as metallic alloys primarily reinforced with hard ceramic particles to meet specific requirements [5, 6, 7, 8].
Chemical Compositions of Agricultural Waste Reinforcement Materials Depending on the functional groups of the constituting compounds in agricultural wastes, they can be classified majorly as (i) silica-based, (ii) calcium oxide-based, and (iii) alumina/ferric oxide-based reinforcements.
The researchers aimed to incorporate coconut shell ash as reinforcement material in aluminium matrix to create a metal matrix composite.
The presence of these robust constituent compounds suggests that mango seed shell ash can serve as a viable particulate reinforcement material in various metal matrices.
Alloys Compd. 705, 283–289

Thermodynamic calculations were used to design the alloys through extrapolations of Gibbs energy expressions.
Introduction Cubic carbides or carbonitrides are often added to WC-Co based compounds in order to increase the resistance to plastic deformation or as gradient formers.
Model alloys were manufactured in order to produce equilibrium alloys with five phases present to achieve a thermodynamically determined system at a given temperature and pressure.
The model alloys were designed using the Thermo-Calc software [ 1] and available thermodynamic databases.
Frisk, Journal of Phase Equilibria,vol. 22, p. 5, 2001

The eutectic structure of aluminum alloys has different morphology.
Most of cast alloys contain eutectics.
This article shows the results in the example of eutectics of aluminum alloys.
In case of Al-Al3Ni alloys, the magnification was 3000x.
The aim of this project is to distinguish the different structures.

Highly alloyed stainless steel, titanium alloys and nickel based superalloys are mostly used for aerospace applications.
The aim of the work is to evaluate protective Al – Si coating applied by diffusion annealing on substrate, Ni – base superalloy ŽS6K.
However, heat-resistance of these alloys is increased by protective heat-resistance coatings applications.
Upper layer, reach on aluminium, is created by aluminides, next complex compounds of Si, Cr, and Mo, and carbides.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering/JAMME, 47, No. 1, (2011) 19-25

The aim pressure and soaking stage of CS welding is to promote the densification and homogenization of welding product.
TiAl alloy was synthesized with CS welding technology by Pascal [9] and realized the in situ welding joint between TiAl intermetallics and super alloy steel matrix.
There was diffusion of alloying elements between combustion synthesis welding seam and the matrix, the intermetallic compound metallurgical transition layer is the main reason for the connection form.
Because Ti is the element with strong chemical activity in the reaction, it can react with ceramic and can form some complex compounds in the interface.
J. of SHS, Vol.2(1993), p.357 [5] Moore T J: Scripta Metallurgica et Material, Vol.30(1994), p.463 [6] Zhu D P, Liu W P: J welding, Vol.3 (2000), P.14 [7] Uenishi K, Matsubara T, Kobayashi K F: Z M etallkd, Vol.90(1999), P.163 [8] Uenishi K, Sumi H, Kobayashi K F: Z M etallkd, Vol. 86 (1995), p.64 [9] Pascal C, Marin-Ayral R M, Tedenac J C: Journal of Alloy and Compounds, Vol.337(2002), P.221 [10] Wei W, Shi Y X: Mechanical engineering material, Vol.3 (2000), P.8(in Chinese)

In-Plane Plane-Strain Formability Investigation of Friction Stir Welded Sheets Made of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys Mukesh Kumar1, Satish V.
Cavaliere et al. investigated the hardness distribution, fatigue behavior, microstructures of different zones in weld, and fracture behavior of FS welded 2024–7075 Al alloys [2].
D’Urso and Giardini studied the effect of feed rate, rotational speed, and tool geometry on the tensile strengths of FSW sheets made of AA6022-T4 Al alloys with lap joint.
The investigation done by Kostka et al. during FSW of AA6040 and AZ31 Mg alloys showed the formation of intermetallic compound reaction layer of 1 μm thickness consisting of fine-grained Al12Mg17 [7].
Hence the aim of the present work is to study the influence of shoulder diameter, rotational speed, and traverse (welding) speed on the forming limit strain, strain hardening exponent of welded sheets, and strain distribution, of welded sheets made of AA6061T6 and AA5052H32 Al alloys fabricated by FSW.