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Investigation of a Steel Local Corrosion in Chloride-Containing Media Roumyantseva Varvara Evgenievna1,a, Konovalova Viktoriya Sergeevna1,b* 1Ivanovo State Polytechnic University, department of natural sciences and technosphere safety, Sheremetevsky Av., 21, Ivanovo, Russian Federation, 153000 avarrym@gmail.com, bkotprotiv@yandex.ru Keywords: Local corrosion, Metal corrosion, Corrosive environment, Corrosion indicators, Corrosion rate Abstract.
Materials and Methods To calculate the speed and characteristics of the metal corrosion process, polarization diagrams are constructed graphically: φa – ia – the curve of anodic polarization of the anode areas of the metal surface and φk – ik – the curve of cathodic polarization of the cathodic areas of the metal surface.
Frankel, Pitting corrosion of metals a review of the critical factors, Journal of the Electrochem.
Technol Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material, 14(6) (2007) 517-522
Goglev, The effect of modified phosphate coatings on the corrosion resistance of steels, Materials of the International Conference, Scientific research of the SCO countries: synergy and integration, Rep.

The rock mass was simulated with SOLID element, and the destruction of the rock mass materials was assumed to obey the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion.
Material Parameters According to the early engineering geological survey of Tianpingzhai Tunnel and Code for Design of Road Tunnel (JTG D70-2004), the physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock, primary support, break zone, crack zone and bent zone are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Material parameters Material c/MPa φ/° γ/kN·m-3 E/GPa μ λ Surrounding rock 0.2 27 20 2 0.45 0.82 Break zone 0 20 17 1 0.35 0.54 Crack zone 0.125 23 18.5 1.5 0.40 0.67 Bent zone 0.2 27 20 2 0.45 0.82 Primary lining - - 30 31 0.2 - Results Analysis The displacements around the tunnel, axial force of bolts, force of primary lining and plastic zone of surrounding rock have been analyzed under these circumstances that the distances between tunnel and goaf are 1m, 6m and 12m.
Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology, 10(5): 492-496.

Introduction Polysaccharides is an attractive polymeric material to prepare nanoparticles for drug delivery since it is highly stable, safe, non-toxic, hydrophilic, biocompatible and biodegradable [1].
Nanosized material used in drug delivery applications possesses several advantages such as high drug encapsulation efficiency, efficient drug protection against chemical or enzymatic degradation, unique ability to create a controlled release, cell internalization as well as ability to reverse the multidrug resistance of tumor cells [4].
Experimental Materials.
It can be concluded that CL-GA nanoparticles have the potential to be used as a biopolymeric material for drug delivery.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2004. 58(2): p. 327-341

The samples of industrial alkali lignin made by spray-drying black liquor from alkaline pulping of wheat straw were provided from Shanghai Jinshan New Building Material Co., Ltd.
Considering brown and light brown liquid products with oxygen supplies of 100% at a lower temperature (i. e. 270 oC), liquid products took on dark brown when oxygen supplies were lower than 100% at 300 oC, which probably meant that the materials had not been oxidized enough and there stockpiled quantities of immediate brown products such as the quinines (reaction pathways discussed hereinafter).
The amides were probably produced from oxidation of the extractives of nuclear materials or/and proteins in cell wall of the plants used for pulping, and the cyclopentenones from hemicelluloses and fine celluloses dissolved during alkaline pulping; the aldehydes and acetones were usually the pyrolytic/hydrolytic products of lignin and its immediate oxidized products.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20776144).
Xu: Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science) (2012), in press.

A Micro Materials Nanotest equipped with a Berkovich (triangular pyramid) diamond tip having a nominal edge radius of ~100 nm was used in this study.
This requirement is easy to attain for soft materials such as metals.
Schalkwijk, Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices, Nature Mater. 4 (2005) 366 -377
Fukuda, Ordered metal nanohole arrays made by a two-step ... of honeycomb structures of anodic alumina, Science, 268 (1995) 1466 –1468
Menon, P.F.Williams, Electrochemical self-assembly of porous alumina templates, AIChE Journal. 51(2) (2005) 649 – 655

By observing any ancient wall is immediately clear that considering this material as "homogeneous" is a far-fetched concept.
Its great resistance to compression and no resistance to traction get complicate when it's necessary to study its behavior by modern science of construction, based on perfect and well known materials.
After the construction of the first encircling element, the debate on cracks causes started again, between the "obscure architect" Alessandro Cecchini, who attributed the cause of the cracks to foundation differential settlement phenomena, and the mathematician Vincenzo Viviani, who first applied, in this historical occasion, the Galileo's theory about materials resistance.
This debate represents, even before the more famous one on Saint Peter dome, the first application of science of construction to the classical empiricism (Chiarugi 1996).
Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 13, 3, 639-658

The Earth’s Free Spherical Oscillations of the Great Japan Earthquake Ye Wu1, a, Yongge Wan2, b and Liang Ding3, c 1 Institute of Disaster-Prevention Science & Technology, Yanjiao, Sanhe city, 065201 China 2 Institute of Disaster-Prevention Science & Technology, Yanjiao, Sanhe city, 065201 China 3 Institute of Disaster-Prevention Science & Technology, Yanjiao, Sanhe city, 065201 China asun_wuye@163.com, b wanyg217217@vip.sina.com, cxiaoyan@163.com Keywords: Power Spectral Density Estimation; Free Oscillation Mode; Spectral Splitting Abstract.
Reference [1,2], using CDSN material, researches free oscillation of the Earth.
Journal of Seismology, 14, 1, 1. (2004) [2] WAN Yong-ge,ZHOU Gong-wei ,GUO Yan-ping.
Chinese Science Bulletin, 47, 18, 1432. (2002) [5] LV Yong-qing, CAI Ya-xian, ZHOU Yun-yao.
“MATLAB implementation of digital signal processing” [M]，Beijing：Science Press. (2007)

Roadway Hard Rock Loose Blasting by Digging Machine Technique Ju-gen FU1, a, Rui-xuan LUAN1, a, Yan-ting ZHANG1, a 1Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan Anhui, 232001,China aemail: jgfu@aust.edu.cn Key words: digging machines; hard rock; roadway; loose blasting Abstract.
When the blast hole block length is too short, the plug material will out of the blast holes prematurely , so that the detonation gas would not achieve the "gas wedge", affect the blasting effects; When the plug material is too long, it will not only increase the workload of blockage, affect the speed of construction but also will lead the cracks cannot reach to the orifice rock, so orifice rock cannot reach the purpose of loosening, so mechanized mining machine does not work, affecting the normal production of coal.
According to the literature , the maximum plug length is: (5) Where: is the Blast hole radius; is the friction coefficient of clogging materials and blast hole wall, for the clay; for a mixture of sand and clay; is lateral pressure coefficient, related to the material’s Poisson’s ratio,.
Huainan Mining Institute learned journal, 1995, 15(1):18-22

Introduction Sulfate slag namely pyrite cinder, was the waste residue discharged from chemical plant in the production of sulfuric acid using sulfuric acid pyrite as raw material[1].
Materials and Methods Materials.
[5] Deqing Zhu, Jian Li, Qingchun Li, Jian Pan, Xiaofeng Xu, Yong Qu, Yanyun Tang and Yu Cui: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous MetalsVol. 17(4) (2007), p. 649-656, in Chinese
[7] Yajun Li, Yi sun, Guobin Li: Science &Technology in Chemical Industry Vol. 16(4) (2008), p. 33-35, in Chinese

The Control of Material Quality Asphalt Mixture.
(1) The requirements of material Modified asphalt + hot mix macadam should ensure produce good adhesion, and this layer has multiple effects such as crack resistance and waterproof.
Key Points of Construction Quality Control According to the engineering experience in past years and test results analysis of Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu expressway, key control points of the mixture of raw materials are determined, the performance of asphalt mixture has improved greatly.
References [1] The ministry of communications highway science institute.
Journal of China & Foreign Highway.2001.8 [6]Zhi-jun zhang,Li-fa qiu,Xin zhao,Xiao-dong Wang.