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Online since: June 2013
Authors: Pei Yue Liu, Jun Fen Wang, Bao Qiu Ma
In this paper, biorthogonal lifting wavelet bior3.1 is adopted after simulation of fault data.
MATLAB Simulation The waveform of data acquired by steel material separation is shown in the MATLAB, as shown in Figure 1.
The acquired data is decomposed using biorthogonal wavelet bases bior3.1 and selecting the layer 4.
Fig.5 Hardware block diagram Fig.6 Software flow diagram Conclusion As a special digital signal processor, DSP aims to specially realize data processing, especially filtering algorithm.
Due to fine-time and frequency resolution of wavelet analysis, the acquired data is decomposed using biorthogonal wavelet base bior3.1 and selecting the layer 4.
MATLAB Simulation The waveform of data acquired by steel material separation is shown in the MATLAB, as shown in Figure 1.
The acquired data is decomposed using biorthogonal wavelet bases bior3.1 and selecting the layer 4.
Fig.5 Hardware block diagram Fig.6 Software flow diagram Conclusion As a special digital signal processor, DSP aims to specially realize data processing, especially filtering algorithm.
Due to fine-time and frequency resolution of wavelet analysis, the acquired data is decomposed using biorthogonal wavelet base bior3.1 and selecting the layer 4.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Heng Liu, Shi Zhong Li, Jun Feng Li
"Double Void" interference means there are some hard equipments or material in a bigger void, and it will forms larger barrier to penetration ammunition, As only according to the change of acceleration signal amplitude reduction, it is easy to considered as a layer, and originally a void was considered for two voids, It will causes the fuse to mistakenly, So as to the false burst points .In reference literature, the original data has been research through a pseudo autocorrelation and butterworth low-pass filter filtering, Making the original irregular signals take its envelope, converted to relative rules, smooth signal, eliminating some disturbance due to electrical noise, mechanical noise and other[2~4], but it still difficult to eliminate the interference of "double Void" as shown in figure 1.
1.2 The principle of working
As shown in figure 2,
Fig.2: Flow chart
The working principle of Fuze: first, obtaining the acceleration signal according to the high g values acceleration
Fig.7: Acceleration range decision subsystem Acceleration range decision subsystem Mainly used to process the data into the logic signals ,such as true or false.
Simulation According to the physical model of figure 1, Using Simulink module in Matlab simulation for the system; Simulation data has been processed.
The simulation data and the simulation results as shown in figure 10; Simulation results show that the output signal B have two Voids, the output signal of counter D have two Voids, consistent with physical model; Fig.10: The simulation data and results Conclusion This design system based on Timer can identify Void and anti-"double Void" interference signals effectively, which can recognition more Voids target and complete precision strikes under the protect shelter.
Penetration Data Processing Based on Pseudo Autocorrelation [J].
Fig.7: Acceleration range decision subsystem Acceleration range decision subsystem Mainly used to process the data into the logic signals ,such as true or false.
Simulation According to the physical model of figure 1, Using Simulink module in Matlab simulation for the system; Simulation data has been processed.
The simulation data and the simulation results as shown in figure 10; Simulation results show that the output signal B have two Voids, the output signal of counter D have two Voids, consistent with physical model; Fig.10: The simulation data and results Conclusion This design system based on Timer can identify Void and anti-"double Void" interference signals effectively, which can recognition more Voids target and complete precision strikes under the protect shelter.
Penetration Data Processing Based on Pseudo Autocorrelation [J].
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Jing Feng, Ping Liu, Jing Wang
Reducing the consumption of steel in engineering constructions, can save energy and reduce environment pollution, meet the national energy-saving emission reduction policy.
Compared the statistical results with the original design, specific data are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Specific data are shown in Table 3(the unit of the cost is ten thousand yuan): Table3 Engineering economic comparison Member HRB400 HRB500 The saving bars[kg] The saving cost Bars[kg] cost Bars[kg] cost Beam 41863.37 15.699 32607.58 12.717 9255.786 2.982 Column 28119.15 10.545 23884.96 9.315 6260.831 1.230 The total data: 15516.62 4.212 The existing problems of HRB500 high-strength reinforced bars in the engineering application and the corresponding suggestions Using HRB500 high-strength reinforced bars will increase the production cost With the adoption of micro-alloy technology, alloying elements like V, Nb and Ti are mixed in the steel bars in the production process.
The data show that using HRB500 high-strength reinforced bars to replace lower strength grade steel bars, can effectively reduce the amount of steel and the project cost.
In addition, the reduction of steel amount can also give rise to a series of other economic and social profits.
Compared the statistical results with the original design, specific data are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Specific data are shown in Table 3(the unit of the cost is ten thousand yuan): Table3 Engineering economic comparison Member HRB400 HRB500 The saving bars[kg] The saving cost Bars[kg] cost Bars[kg] cost Beam 41863.37 15.699 32607.58 12.717 9255.786 2.982 Column 28119.15 10.545 23884.96 9.315 6260.831 1.230 The total data: 15516.62 4.212 The existing problems of HRB500 high-strength reinforced bars in the engineering application and the corresponding suggestions Using HRB500 high-strength reinforced bars will increase the production cost With the adoption of micro-alloy technology, alloying elements like V, Nb and Ti are mixed in the steel bars in the production process.
The data show that using HRB500 high-strength reinforced bars to replace lower strength grade steel bars, can effectively reduce the amount of steel and the project cost.
In addition, the reduction of steel amount can also give rise to a series of other economic and social profits.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Marco Valente
Effective slab widths were computed and calibrated to match experimental data.
In case of high seismic action equal to 0.3g the rotation reduction was significant, producing a considerable decrease of the demand-to-capacity ratio.
Consequently, a significant reduction of the demand-to-capacity ratio values can be observed for the columns compared to the bare structure.
Both the use of FRP wrapping and R/C jacketing decreased the damage at the column base, providing a considerable reduction of the demand-to-capacity ratio.
A significant reduction of the demand-to-capacity ratio values was observed for the columns of the FRP retrofitted structure.
In case of high seismic action equal to 0.3g the rotation reduction was significant, producing a considerable decrease of the demand-to-capacity ratio.
Consequently, a significant reduction of the demand-to-capacity ratio values can be observed for the columns compared to the bare structure.
Both the use of FRP wrapping and R/C jacketing decreased the damage at the column base, providing a considerable reduction of the demand-to-capacity ratio.
A significant reduction of the demand-to-capacity ratio values was observed for the columns of the FRP retrofitted structure.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Ionel Chicinaş, Dorel Banabic, Florin Popa
For achieving the size reduction the metal sheets must be cold worked up to the desired thickness and during this process voids occurs and stress is induced in the material along with microstructural changes.
The thickness reduction was in the range 20 to 93 % from the initial thickness.
In order to obtain reliable data, multiple images recorded at the same magnification were analyzed and the mean result is given in this paper.
In aluminium the precipitates (usually known to exist for this alloy) retard the tendency to form dense dislocation walls [16], behaviour that can also lead to void reduction as the cold work value increases.
The increase on the surface is the effect of the sample stretch and the reduction on section is the effect of sample compression.
The thickness reduction was in the range 20 to 93 % from the initial thickness.
In order to obtain reliable data, multiple images recorded at the same magnification were analyzed and the mean result is given in this paper.
In aluminium the precipitates (usually known to exist for this alloy) retard the tendency to form dense dislocation walls [16], behaviour that can also lead to void reduction as the cold work value increases.
The increase on the surface is the effect of the sample stretch and the reduction on section is the effect of sample compression.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Y.P. Lee, H.K. Lee, Horst Baier, Youn Seoung Lee, J.S. Park
The reduction of HC is due to a reduction in the strain with the grain growth [13,14].
Since the data were obtained after eliminating the surface contamination with Ar + ions, the variation in the Ca/La ratio is not very significant.
These results support the result for oxygen deficiency inferred from the reduction of TM-I in Fig. 3.
The increase of grain size leads to the reduction of grain boundary.
Also, the reduction of grain boundary can lead to the oxygen deficiency of the samples annealed in air because the grain boundary is a way which supplies oxygen.
Since the data were obtained after eliminating the surface contamination with Ar + ions, the variation in the Ca/La ratio is not very significant.
These results support the result for oxygen deficiency inferred from the reduction of TM-I in Fig. 3.
The increase of grain size leads to the reduction of grain boundary.
Also, the reduction of grain boundary can lead to the oxygen deficiency of the samples annealed in air because the grain boundary is a way which supplies oxygen.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: Igor A. Savin, A.V. Shaparev
Dependence of the roughness of the interlayer bimetal steel-brass from the relative reduction in cold rolling.
As seen in Figure 1, with the relative reduction of the order of ε = 0.15-0.20 achieved by intimate contact between the joined metals.
However, to obtain the points of cold welding layers of samples need to be deformed with relative reduction ε≥0.45.
As seen in Figure 2, with the increase of the block size is reduced deformation, in which the formation of cold welding points, which agrees well with the experimental data G.P.Upit [3].
Savin, Calculation of the Amount of the Reduction Required for the Formation of Compound Layers during Cold Rolling of Bimetals,Materials Science Forum, 870 (2016) 328-333
As seen in Figure 1, with the relative reduction of the order of ε = 0.15-0.20 achieved by intimate contact between the joined metals.
However, to obtain the points of cold welding layers of samples need to be deformed with relative reduction ε≥0.45.
As seen in Figure 2, with the increase of the block size is reduced deformation, in which the formation of cold welding points, which agrees well with the experimental data G.P.Upit [3].
Savin, Calculation of the Amount of the Reduction Required for the Formation of Compound Layers during Cold Rolling of Bimetals,Materials Science Forum, 870 (2016) 328-333
Online since: September 2022
Authors: Petr Pokorný, Nikola Prodanovic, Libor Topolář, Luboš Pazdera, Ivo Kusák
This can be related by reduction of bond strength of galvanized rebar with concrete [10, 12, 13].
Based on theoretically calculated value of Est, the duration was determined; if the Est value is higher, then oxygen reduction takes over.
Cement composition CEM I 42.5 R (Čížkovice), data given by producer (table does not show insoluble remnant 0.7 wt. % and annealing loss of 3.3 wt. %) Component CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 SO3 MgO Na2O K2O wt. % 63.8 19.3 4.6 3.2 3.2 1.3 0.09 0.78 Prismatic specimens of cement paste were used to determine optical conductivity using modified electrochemical impedance technique (dependence of electrical conductivity of solid specimen σ on frequency of alternating power source) – see Fig. 1.
Even lower levels of contamination (1 wt. %) lead to clear reduction of conductivity (by approx. 15 %), contamination with 2 wt. % reduces conductivity by up to 70 %.
The possibility of hydrogen evolution after 6 days of exposure cannot be completely eliminated, however it can be expected, that cathodic reaction of oxygen reduction also produces significant acoustic signal.
Based on theoretically calculated value of Est, the duration was determined; if the Est value is higher, then oxygen reduction takes over.
Cement composition CEM I 42.5 R (Čížkovice), data given by producer (table does not show insoluble remnant 0.7 wt. % and annealing loss of 3.3 wt. %) Component CaO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 SO3 MgO Na2O K2O wt. % 63.8 19.3 4.6 3.2 3.2 1.3 0.09 0.78 Prismatic specimens of cement paste were used to determine optical conductivity using modified electrochemical impedance technique (dependence of electrical conductivity of solid specimen σ on frequency of alternating power source) – see Fig. 1.
Even lower levels of contamination (1 wt. %) lead to clear reduction of conductivity (by approx. 15 %), contamination with 2 wt. % reduces conductivity by up to 70 %.
The possibility of hydrogen evolution after 6 days of exposure cannot be completely eliminated, however it can be expected, that cathodic reaction of oxygen reduction also produces significant acoustic signal.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Hong Liang Wu, Cheng Li Zhu, Hong Dou, Zi Rui Dou, Xiao Hong Li
Reductions of section of SN, SO, AN, AO, S, A samples were measured and compared (Table 2).
Table 2 Reduction of areas of strands (AVG) Specimen SN SO S AN AO A Reductions of section 31.00% 32.38% 42.23% 74.91% 74.04% 87.65% Metallographic specimens were prepared from SN, SO and S fractured samples, and their longitudinal microstructure were observed with model 4×C metallographic microscope (Fig.5).
According to experimental data in table.2, the reductions of section of fracture steel strands and Al strands are 10% larger than those of new and old steel strands and Al strands, which indicate that the area near fracture surface suffered high temperature.
(3) The reductions of section of fracture steel strands and Al strands are 10% larger than those of new and old steel strands and Al strands.
Table 2 Reduction of areas of strands (AVG) Specimen SN SO S AN AO A Reductions of section 31.00% 32.38% 42.23% 74.91% 74.04% 87.65% Metallographic specimens were prepared from SN, SO and S fractured samples, and their longitudinal microstructure were observed with model 4×C metallographic microscope (Fig.5).
According to experimental data in table.2, the reductions of section of fracture steel strands and Al strands are 10% larger than those of new and old steel strands and Al strands, which indicate that the area near fracture surface suffered high temperature.
(3) The reductions of section of fracture steel strands and Al strands are 10% larger than those of new and old steel strands and Al strands.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: S. Vishnuvarthan, K. Keerthivaran, S. Gopalakannan, T. Senthilvelan
The reduction ductility was obtained; even though Al/B4C offers 4.33% of elongation which is greater than the remaining two MMCs.
To reduce the porosity the of the cast composites and to improve the particle distribution within aluminium matrix, the cast composites were subjected to hot rolling at 4200C with a reduction ratio of 1/10.
The experimental data shows that the Vickers hardness of the cast MMCs is varying from 96 Hv to 138 Hv shown if Fig. 10.
The introduction of hard reinforcement particles into aluminium alloy results in a significant reduction in their ductility is shown in Fig. 12.
The reduction ductility was obtained; even though Al/B4C offers 4.33% of elongation which is greater than the remaining two MMCs.
To reduce the porosity the of the cast composites and to improve the particle distribution within aluminium matrix, the cast composites were subjected to hot rolling at 4200C with a reduction ratio of 1/10.
The experimental data shows that the Vickers hardness of the cast MMCs is varying from 96 Hv to 138 Hv shown if Fig. 10.
The introduction of hard reinforcement particles into aluminium alloy results in a significant reduction in their ductility is shown in Fig. 12.
The reduction ductility was obtained; even though Al/B4C offers 4.33% of elongation which is greater than the remaining two MMCs.