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Bhavyasreec Department of Physics, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is one of the promising representatives of polymeric materials and there are numerous proposals for its application in electronics, as well as packaging textile and food products due to its high clarity and excellent durability.
The formation of composite film might potentially be used as an alternative or substitute material for many other applications. 2.
The MOD is a technique in which thin films are prepared starting from a chemical solution of the precursor materials deposed on a substrate by dipping, spinning or spraying techniques.
There are several reasons for this behavior, where half of the bulk PVA consists of crystallites embedded in a matrix of glassy material.

Ultrasonic due to its strong point, slow energy consumption, communication distance farther, and often used for the distance measurement, such as arrange finder and material level measurement instrument can be achieved by ultrasound.
The use of ultrasonic attenuation, can physical property measurement or research materials.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by soft science research project of Guangzhou science and technology plan (2014Y4300008).
Journal of Engineering Quality Vol.1(2009),p.28-29

Shale Gas Organic Geochemistry Characteristic of the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation in Western Beijing Area Lina Guo 1,2,a* , Bailin Ke 2,b, Qingjun Liu 2,c, Hailiang Lin 2,d, Tengyu Yin 2,e, Tianyi Lin 2,f, Honglin Xue 2,g, Changhong Fu 2,h 1.School of Earth Sciences and Resoures, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 2.Beijing Institute of Geo-exploration Technology, Beijing 100083 a* guolina327@163.com, b Kebailin@sina.com, c Liuqingjun8@sohu.com, d 279451614@qq.com, e 158377670@qq.com, f 35705370@qq.com, g 941276679@qq.com, h 20574619@qq.com Keywords: Xiamaling Formation; shale gas; reservoir Abstract: Recently, the position of shale gas is more and more important in the world energy structure.
The good kerogen can provide enough material basis to produce the oil or gas. 1.2.3 The maturity The maturity of organic matter is also one of the leading indicators to evaluate the hydrocarbon generation potential.
The TOC value is relatively high, most of which is between 0.5-3.5%, and the mean value is 2.28%; the kerogen type of the organic material is mainly II1 and II2, which can provide enough material basis to produce oil or gas; the maturity is between 1.22-3.43%, and the mean value is 2.05%.
Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 34(6), pp. 27-37.

pH of toluene in [Bmim][BF4] and [Bmim][PF6] ionic liquids Ailing Ren1,a,Dandan Zhang1,b,Erhong Duan1,c, Bin Guo1,d and Jianzhong Chen 2, e 1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang,Hebei,050018,China 2Hebei Supervision & Inspection Institute of Boiler & Pressure Vessel, Shijiazhuang,Hebei,050018,China a ailingr@163.com, b dandan_19861119@163.com, c deh@tju.edu.cn, dgbin69@163.com, e hgxhjj@163.com Keywords: pH, toluene, [Bmim][BF4], [Bmim][PF6], ionic liquids Abstract.
Toluene is excellent organic compound, which is important chemical raw material.
Experimental Methods Materials.
Maginn: AIChE Journal Vol. 11 (2001), p. 2384–2389

Corrosion Behavior Improvements of High Active Aluminum Alloy Anode in Alkaline Solution by Adding Inhibitors Shuquan Liang a, Yong Zhang b, Yan Tang , Shaoqiang Li , Xiaoping Tan School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China, a sqliang@web-mail.csu.edu.cn, bzhangyong-csu@hotmail.com Keywords: aluminum alloy anode, inhibitor, electrochemical performance Abstract.
Introduction Aluminum is a quite attractive electrode material due to its negative potential, high electrochemical equivalent and the highest specific energy among all the metals except lithium [1, 2].
(Proc of the 29th IUPAC Congress Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany, 1983) [6] S.H.A.Ei, E.W.F.M.Abd,et al: Corrosion Sicience Vol. 43-4(2001), p. 655 [7] A.Venugopal, P.Veluchamy, P.Selvam, et al: Corrosion Vol. 53-10(1997), p. 808 [8] F.X.Shu, Z.W.Wang, B.L.Gao, et al: The Process Technology of Light Alloy Vol. 32-10(2004), p. 39 [9] Z.Q.Ma, W.X.Li, D.Q.Tan, et al: Ordnance Material Science and Engineering Vol. 24-6(2001), p. 48 [10] J.Wang: Aluminum Fabrication Vol. 21-5(1998), p. 56 [11] M.A.Shelk, M.Ganesan, M.Anbukul, et al: Power Sources Vol. 27(1987), p. 235 [12] Z.B.Wang, G.P.Yin, P.F.Shi: Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology Vol. 36-1(2004), p. 118 [13] D.D.Macdonald, C.English: J Applied Electrochem Vol. 20-4(1990), p. 405 [14] S.R.L.Gnana, M.Ganesan, K.M.Anbu, et al: J Power Sources Vol. 50(1994), p. 321 [15] H.B.Shao, J.M.Wang, S.Zhang, et al: Acta Chimica Sinica Vol. 61-9(2003), p. 1420 [16] T.S.Zhang: Inhibitor(Chemical Industry Press,

Regarding to the novel suture materials, like there are corneal suturing nails on the basis of shape memory alloy[11], there are also self knot-tying sutures[12] made of shape memory polymers, which provide an novel approach in tying a knot in endoscopic surgery under the right stress.
As the experimental setup such as the suture material and knot-tying target are not standard, there still much work to be done in the future.
Acknowledgements The program is supported by National Science Foundation (50675008).
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2010, 46(5), pp. 105-109
Science 31 May 2002, Vol. 296, no. 5573, pp. 1673-1676

Infrared sensors in welding All objectsemit electromagnetic radiation at a temperature higher thanabsolute zero.The wavelength is in the infrared range and the intensity depends on the temperature and the material.
Infrared sensors can detect the infrared radiation emitted by the material.
Kim: Automatic Seam Tracking in Pipeline Welding With Narrow Groove, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 41, No. 3/4, (2009), pp. 234–241. doi:10.1007/s00170-008-1474-9
Zhang: Weld Pool Surface Depth Measurement Using a Calibrated Camera and Structured Light, Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 18, No. 8, (2007), pp. 2570-2578. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/18/8/033
Catalano: A Sensing Torch for On-line Monitoring of the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process of Steel Pipes, Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 15, No. 12, (2004), pp. 2412-2418. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/15/12/010

Second stream of critique comes from various Earth sciences and points to the pollution of the environment, depletion of resources, extinction of species and consequences of climate change [2].
Every element is bound in one way or the other by other elements: although city council may decide on masterplan, it may not have resources to realize it; although private investors may have the money and own the property, they are still bounded by legislation, building authority, masterplan, opinions of the neighbours as well as and by the available supply of building materials, mechanization and technologies.
While on one hand objects are all the material things, all the world is made of „dead“ objects at disposal, curiously including also human and animal bodies, subjectivity, on the other hand, is attributed only to the human psyche.
In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.
Taylor, Extraordinary Cities: Early ‘City-ness’ and the Invention of Agriculture and States, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 36.3, May 2012, pp. 41547

Introduction Requirements regarding reduction of cars’ fuel consumption play a key role in automotive as they make cars lighter by application of more and more resistible materials.
Application of this kind of materials considerably reduces construction mass thanks to high durability.
Eserc; Sheet metal forming analysis with any emphasis on the sprinback deformation; Journal of materials processing technology; (2008); 135–148; [2] X.
Li; Elsevier; On twist springback in advanced high-strength steels; Materials and Design; 32; (2011) ; [4] A.
Aziz; Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(2); (2012); 195-205;

Numerical Results of the Forming Process 12 material and 3 process parameters have been considered in the forming process.
An experimental validation of the material and damage model was made by means of a component test [10].
Columbus, editor, Computational Engineering: Design, Development and Applications, Nova Science, New York, 2011
Berry, Large scale sparse singular value computations, International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, 6(1992), 13-49
Material Forming 3 (supplement 1), pp. 45-48, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-010-0703-6.