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Materials and Methods In this study, three kinds of patterned wafers have been used in order to investigate the pitting dependence on the dry etch/ passivation/wet cleaning combination: -- SiO2 passivation etch landing on AlCu -- Vias etch landing on AlCu -- AlCu pad patterning Passivation etch has been performed on a Lam 4520XL tool, a dual-frequency (2 and 27MHz) capacitively coupled RF plasma etching system.
Via etch has been performed on a TEL 85 DRM tool, a dielectric materials etching system equipped with a 13.56 MHz RF source and a dipole ring magnetron in order to ensure good uniformity.
Figure 4: Scheme of the etched layers during vias etch In this case an acidic (pH=1 without F-) product was used both due to the compatibility with other materials exposed and to the removal efficiency of post etch residues.
McCafferty Corrosion Science 45 (2003) 1421-1428
Natishan et al: Journal of Electrochemical Society 161 (9) C421-C432 2014

High-speed Brushless DC Motor Core Loss Calculation Model Core loss is caused by the Alternating magnetic field and magnetic field of the magnetic field in ferromagnetic materials.
The main factors that affect flux density is the ferromagnetic materials, the air-gap thickness of pump body, length, etc.
Table 2 Experimental results of motor Speed n(n/min) 10000 15000 20000 25000 27000 Inertia J（Kg.m2） 2.78×10-4 2.78×10-4 2.78×10-4 2.78×10-4 2.78×10-4 Frequency f(Hz) 166.7 250 333.3 416.7 450 Stop the power T1(s) 20 20 20 20 20 Stalled time T2(s) 123 163 189 230 275 Calculating core loss W(w) 34.33 43.37 56.381 73.295 96.23 Experimental core loss W(w) 38.321 47.3 61.64 81.4 105.3 Calculation error (%) 10.4% 9.8% 8.5% 9.9% 8.6% Fig.6 Prototype experimental device Because of the ferromagnetic materials is nonlinear, as well as the harmonics of magnetic field and other disturbances so that accurate calculation of motor iron loss is difficult.
Acknowledgment The work presented in this paper is supported by the Science and Technology Agency of Liaoning Province major program (No.20061019).
“Study on design feature and related technology of high speed electrical machines,”Journal of Shinnying Univercity of Technology, vol.28,pp.258-264,2006

Solution-treated material was desired for this study in order to attempt to understand the effects of cyclic strain.
Material aged to contain coarse precipitates would contain little remaining copper in the aluminum matrix, and thus a very low driving force for any precipitation during testing.
Solution-treated material presented a clean slate with respect to precipitation, allowing for simple comparison of precipitation at different testing conditions, a high driving force for precipitation, and a tendency to strain more homogenously than material containing fine precipitates.
Material was received in this condition and cold rolled to 7 mm, following which standard “dog-bone” specimens were machined from the rolling direction.
Metals Science Journal. 3, 183-189 (1969)

Poole1 1Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 2Rio Tinto Alcan, 1955 Boulevard Mellon, Jonquiere, Canada G7S 4L2 Corresponding email: chengluliu@alumni.ubc.ca Keywords: Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloys, homogenization, dispersoids, EPMA Abstract.
Lise Dons, Journal of Light Metals, 1 (2001) 133
Todd, S. van der Zwaag, Materials Characterization, 49 (2002) 409
Gullman, Materials Science and Technology, 10 (1994) 323

Vitalijs Lazarenko1,a*, Vita Rudovica1,b, Arturs Viksna1,c, Maris Bertins1,d, Juris Burlakovs2,e, Dagnija Lazdina3,f 1Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, Latvia 2 Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, Latvia 3Latvian State Forest Institute “Silava”, Rigas Street 111, Salaspils, Latvia avitalijs.lazarenko@lu.lv, bvita.rudovica@lu.lv, carturs.viksna@lu.lv, dmaris.bertins@lu.lv, ejuris.burlakovs@lu.lv, fdagnija.lazdina@silava.lv Keywords: wood ash – fly ash and bottom ash fraction, blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), forest soil, rare earth elements, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP­MS).
Materials and Methods Description of sample collection.
Scheffknecht, Use of wood dust fly ash from an industrial pulverized fuel facility for rendering, Construction and Building Materials. 189 (2018) 825-848
Haitao, A review of fractions of rare earth elements in plants, Journal of rare elements. 26 (2008) 7-15
Okmanis, Use of Wood Ash in the Forest and Its Effect on the Concentration of Essential and Heavy Metallic Elements in Soil and Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), Key Engineering Materials. 850 (2020) 179-183

In this case the space model of CdS nanoparticles is complex of two materials with the different electron density according to the type of dense core and shell (Fig 4[b]).
The percentage of such particles into the material do not exceed 15%, i.e., the majority sizes of the particles less than 10 nm.
Therefore in the first approximation, this material can be considered monodisperse.
Thus the colloidal technique is undoubtedly valuable from the practical point of view, because it makes it possible to produce composites with the specified functional characteristics required for their application in medicine, electronics, tribology, and many other fields of science and engineering.
Incorporation of Quantum Dots into a Silica matrix using a compatible precursor, Colloid Journal, 75 (6) (2013), 714–719.

Materials and Methods Cultivation of Fungus.
Direct Blue 199 from aqueous solution by nonviable Aspergillus niger,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 175, pp. 241-246 , March 2010
Allen, “Biosorption of synthetic dye and metal ions from aqueous effluents using fungal biomass,” Studies in Environmental Science,vol. 66, pp.27-50, 1997
Dogan, “Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of an anionic dye onto sepiolite,” Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 101, pp. 388-396, April 2007

Introduction For half a century, combustion synthesis [1] has been used to fabricate a large range of materials under the form of powders or near-net shape products [2].
The Time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on the Material Science Beamline ID11 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France.
Thanks to the surrounding liquid, which increases the contact surface area and, consequently, the material transfer, the TiC particles continue to grow.
Merzhanov: Combustion and Plasma Synthesis of High-Temperature Materials (VCH, New York, 1990) p. 1 [2] H.C.
Kvick: Journal of the European Ceramic Society Vol. 22 (2002), p. 987 [8] D.P.

Build Model Sections and Materials.
All affiliated steel structural materials were Q235B.
Steel, concrete and glass were all considered as elastic materials.
Acknowledgement The financial support from KGE Science Foundation (NO.200803) is gratefully acknowledged.
Guo, et al.: Journal of Building Structure.

Materials and experimental procedures Materials.
Nakagawa: Journals of Metals, July 1986
Vernault/ Proceedings-Materials Lifetime Science and Engineering, TMS annual meeting, San Diego, 2003