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Even in defectless products, internal stresses negatively affect their properties; in particular, they reduce ductility.
Mechanical properties.
Increasing the annealing time from 90 to 180 min did not bring any change in the mechanical properties.
Table 3 Average values of mechanical properties for different annealing times.
Longer annealing did not alter the mechanical properties anymore.

Due to the inferior mechanical properties of recycled aggregates than those of natural aggregates in general [1~3], it is generally accepted that for concrete made with recycled aggregates (RA), compressive strength values are in the range of 0 to 40% lower than those of comparable concrete containing natural aggregates (NA), and other properties of interest like the tensile strength, flexural strength, shear strength, and modulus of elasticity are also typically inferior, while creep and shrinkage tend to be higher [1~3].
Table 1 shows the sources and properties of original (demolished) concrete of the RAs.
Testing methods Gradation, crushing value and physical properties of all coarse aggregates were tested according to Chinese standard JGJ53-92.
The mechanical properties of hardened concrete at 28 days were tested according to Chinese standard GBJ81-85 using 200-tonnes capacity compression- testing machine.
However, it can be seen that the regression constants A and B are different for the concrete made with different coarse aggregate, and both of them decreases with increasing the crushing value of coarse aggregate, which means that the strength of coarse aggregate is also an important factor affecting the concrete strength.

For example, safety factors S = 3 − 10 are provided for slender structures critical to bucking, [6].
However, actual critical strength Fcr may show a higher variance over time caused by many factors like scatter in components properties, e.g. deviations in stiffness or capacity of piezo actuators.
represents the properties of the real active column system.
This is achieved by engagingTab. 1: Properties of the built active column system Geometric properties Material properties Boundary conditions / Mech. properties L = 300 mm Aluminium: AlMg3 pinned end at x = L B = 20 mm E = 70 kN/mm2 clamped base at x = 0 H = 1 mm ρ = 2660 kg/m3 Pl in N, constant at x = L, x-direction Ld = 168 mm θ = 0.01 Sensor positions at x = Ls and Ld, z-direction Ls = 100 mm Fa in N, active force at x = La, z-direction La = 10 mm a usage monitoring system to identify the axial load P and by active stabilisation control.
Numerical values of geometrical and material properties of the column system are taken from tab. and fig. 3.

The results showed that the annealing temperature was a main effect factor on the properties of Ti-IF steel.
The annealing process is a critical factor affecting mechanical properties of IF steel cold-rolled sheet.
Although long held time from 0.5h-8h(Fig.5(a)-(e)) heat temperature was considered as a main factor affacting grain size.

Most of these materials, however, are very hard and brittle, and their properties are easily affected by the impudent surface damage caused by the finishing operations.
The generation and propagation is greatly affected by surface energy of a material cut.
Estimation of Surface Mechanical Characteristics Since machining is always carried on a surface or surface layer of material, a mechanical characteristic of surface or surface layer is more important on the cutting process than that of majority.
And the mechanical characteristic are discussed.
The dimension factor of the distribution becomes very large.

The identification of risk factors.
Harmful factors are found on the basis of the identification of risk factors，then the proportion of field test methods and inspection is determined.
Due to the number of factors that affect the possibility and consequence of the buried pipeline accident is large, and many factors are difficult to quantify, so this article used the fuzzy assessment method.
The factors of causing the failure of urban gas pipeline up to several hundred, between various factors had gradations, using the single factor fuzzy evaluation is difficult to compare the advantages and disadvantages between the various factors in the system and it is difficult to highlight the influence of various factors on the judged object.
Factor weight coefficient reflects the influence of various factors on the evaluation object , weights of factors are very important for the evaluation work.

A New Calibration Method for FLCs in the M-K Frame-Work Amir Ghazanfari a, Ahmad Assempour b Center of Excellence in Design, Robotics and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran aa_ghazanfari@mech.sharif.edu, bassem@sharif.edu Keywords: Forming Limit Curve; M-K Method; Inhomogeneity Factor; Empirical Law Abstract.
To achieve this goal, many experimental FLCs were collected from the literature and the values of the initial inhomogeneity factors were determined for them with trial and error aproach.
Introduction The major problem in determining the FLC in all numerical models is requirement of some experimental results other than usual material properties.
The required material properties of safe region and groove region depend on hardening law and yield function.
Applying Swift’s hardening law and Hill’s 1948 yield function ‎[5], the required material properties are thickness ratio (tb/ta), strength constant ratio (kb/ka), strain hardening exponent (nb, na), stain rate sensitivity exponent (mb, ma), anisotropy factor (rb, ra) and initial strain (e0).

., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria a popov@ina.uni-kassel.de, bwilhelm.kulisch@yahoo.de, cstich_bg@abv.bg, d jpreith@ina.uni-kassel.de Keywords: ultranonocrystalline diamond films, structuring, mechanical properties, biological properties Abstract.
The investigations of the application-relevant properties of the UNCD/a-C films revealed that they are attractive for a number of mechanical, tribological, structural, and biomedical applications.
In addition to all its outstanding mechanical, tribological, thermal, optical and chemical properties, diamond possesses the advantage of being inherently biocompatible [3,4].
Results and Discussion Basic films properties.
Bio-related properties.

The chemical composition and mechanical properties of Q235A steel are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Material properties of common seal face are shown in Table 3.
Material and properties of commonly used in packing seal[10] categories materials properties fiber natural fiber cotton, bast, fur etc.
Each material has its own characteristics and use conditions，which is an important factor to affect the bearing properties and manufacturing costs.
And the sealing materials of rotary joint that have a direct impact on the recovery rate of yellow phosphorus are one of key factors in restricting the air tightness of the device, so the material choice of rotating seal joint is particularly important

Research shows that the applied load on material would affect the direction and formation of the magnetic domain which in term change the magnetic properties [10].In order to describe the phenomena, people have proposed a few stress-permeability models [11-12] based on experimental or physical.
The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the material are listed in Table1 and Table 2.
Table 1 Chemical composition and mechanical properties of HT300 low carbon steel C Cr Cu Mn Mo Ni Si Fe 3.25-3.5 0.05-0.45 0.15-0.4 0.5-0.9 0.05-0.1 0.05-0.2 1.8-2.3 Margin Table 2 Mechanical properties of HT300 Alloy HT300 276 1034 8% Measuring line Figure 1 Specimen dimensions (in mm) The tensile load was set to 0, 22, 35, 43, 56, 65and 86KN respectively.
As to the boundary condition, the exterior boundaries of the box are insulating for the reduced magnetic field: (7) Result and discussion Many factors affect the magnetic flux leakage signal of the specimens, including the material, stress concentration and measuring conditions [11-12].
A study of metal properties using the method of magnetic memory.