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Figure 1 : TEM images (bright field and dark dield) of NbC precipitates, in the material aged 3000 min. at 700°C. 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 Volume fraction (%) (a) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Model, 600°C SANS, 600°C Model, 700°C SANS, 700°C Model, 800°C SANS, 800°C 0.01 1 100 10 4 10 6 Average radius (nm) (b) Time (s) 10 100 1000 10 4 10 5 Precipitate density (µm-3 ) (c) 0.1 1 10 0.01 1 100 10 4 10 6 log (R) Time (s) t 1/3 t 1/5 (d) Figure 2 :Precipitation kinetics measured by SANS and predicted by the model at 600, 700 and 800°C.
Kostorz: Journal of Applied Crystallography Vol. 24 (1991) p. 444
Kampmann, in "Materials Science and Technology, a comprehensive treatment", VCH, Weinheim, Vol. 5 (1991), p. 213

In some regions of southern China, it is often used in buildings not more than 3 layers, such as residence, dormitory, office building, classroom, and also used as bearing wall in the top 2 floors in residences of 4 to 5 stories.[1] Compared with ordinary solid wall of the same thickness, rowlock wall can ease the wall weight 20~40%, can save the brick material 22~40%, save mortar above 50% and reduce labor and transporting expenses in the meantime.
Test walls used solid clay brick as materials, which was called dalun brick.
Acknowledgments The work presented in this paper is supported by the City Science and Technology Plan of Wenzhou (Grant No.
Journal of Vibration and Shock 2007:26:49-54, In Chinese

Fig.3 Simplified numerical model Depth (m) D1 D2 D3 D4 Model A 0.5 3 6 9 Model B 0.5 4.5 6 7.5 Model C 0.5 6 6 6 Table1 Numerical parameters of models Table 2 Strength parameters Parameter soil Columniform improvement Walled improvement analyses model Mohr-Coulomb elastic elastic material undrained impermeable impermeable unit weight (kN/m3) 19 20 20 saturated unit weight (kN/m3) 22 - - horizontal coefficient of permeability (m/d) 0.001 0 0 vertical coefficient of permeability (m/d) 0.001 0 0 Young’s modules (kPa) 2000 14000 50000 Poisson’s ratio 0.35 0.3375 0.3 cohesion (kPa) 37.3 - - internal friction angle 15 - - dilatancy angle 0 - - Asoil Acolu Fig.4 Plan figure of numerical analyses model In table 2, materials of columniform improvement and walled improvements are same, but their Young’s modules and Poisson’s ratio are actually different, the reason of this is in the practical application.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT This research is supported in part by the LiaoNing Province Natural Science Foundation (20082006), the talent engineering sustentation fund of LiaoNing Province(2009rst-02), the key laboratory Foundation of department of education of LiaoNing Province (LS2010133) and the key laboratory Foundation of ShenYang JianZhu university(YT-200901).
Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol.27 (2003), pp.85-109

Part U1 is mainly affected by the ohmic resistance of the battery, it can be regarded as instantaneous voltage response of ohmic resistance generated by power outage; Part U2 is mainly affected by the phase transition of LiFePO4 cathode material and battery polarization effects, namely affected by Li+ diffusion / migration rate [9].
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (51275367), the National Key Technology R&D Program (2013BAG09B00), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WUT:2013-Ⅶ-023).
Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196(10): 4826-4831
Study on operating mode cycle performance of lithium ion power battery with natural graphite and LiFePO4 [J], Electronic Components & Materials, 2009, 28(11): 43-47.

Another possibility is that the areas with the highest risk of debris flows due to steep slope, low vegetation cover, and other factors may have lost all or most of their erodible material in previous debris flows.
Whether erosion and debris flows actually occurs depends on whether erodible material, and whether other factors such as slope allow the falling water to transport this material.
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, (2002)165, 51-57

The piezo-spectroscopic effect for polycrystalline materials can be expressed by the following equation: � � = � < � ij >
For randomly oriented polycrystalline materials, an average equi-biaxial or hydrostatic stress can be expressed as [8,9]: < � ij >= � � / a �
Given these complex and peculiar phase characteristics, phase metastability is the most relevant problem in zirconia materials.
This well explains the superior fracture resistance of bones as compared to synthetic hydroxyapatite materials produced by conventional sintering processes.
The quantitative knowledge of microscopic stress fields may enable replacing the empirical optimization of biomaterials processing and employment with more rational procedures, thus greatly enhancing the speed for the development of new materials, including their better utilization, in this important field of materials science.

From the point of view of the study of materials what is most important is that they were able to demonstrate that it is possible to combine very different materials to achieve new properties that can not be achieved with single-phase materials.
The interaction of the two materials makes it possible to block approximately 50% of the heat and 70% of visible light compared to the use of the individual materials.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94 (2010) 87 - 105
[17] Di Salvo S., “Smart Materials in Architecture”.
International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 23, Trans Tech Publications (2016) 72 - 79

Experts and engineers estimate cost escalation factor and present various escalation factor for each component and material.
Journal of Transportation Engineering.
Burley: Assessing Building Condition by the Use of Condition Indexes, Proceedings of Infrastructure Condition Assessment: Art, Science and Practice, ASCE, Boston, 365-374, (1997)

During the bridge design, the accuracy of the mechanical analysis for the bridge structure is very important, which will directly impact on the bridge material indicators and the safety of structure performance.
Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2007 (8)
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2006 (5).

China academy of railway science GU Wenyu[4] calculated from introducing the soil arch theory, such as the largest spacing of pipe roof, and put forward on the basis of the elastic foundation beam method, the effect of tunnel excavation is considered and section size is calculated combined with increment method.
(3) Before grouting, first clean tube structure material, in case of grouting hole plug
China Journal of Highway and Transport. 2010，23（4）：78～83 [4] Gu Wenyu, Li Wei, Feng Jinying.