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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Mamidala Ramulu, Franna Pitt
Load vs. displacement data from the tensile test was collected by a digital data collection system.
Elongation data was measured by an attached extensometer.
The data was directly downloaded into a spreadsheet.
All of the data was stored in digital format.
The affected data is represented with open symbols.
Elongation data was measured by an attached extensometer.
The data was directly downloaded into a spreadsheet.
All of the data was stored in digital format.
The affected data is represented with open symbols.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: M. Saimurugan, P.G. Sreenath, Sundar Pravin, K.N. Vikram, Gopalakrishnan Praveen Kumare
After running it for some time, vibration data in the vertical axis is acquired for a period of 200 secs.
These features are extracted from the data using Matlab.
Then these data are grouped based on the engaged gear and their respective speed in rpm.
Bayesian networks are a family probabilistic graphical data.
This simplifies the representation of P(A/B) and the problem of estimating it from the training data.
These features are extracted from the data using Matlab.
Then these data are grouped based on the engaged gear and their respective speed in rpm.
Bayesian networks are a family probabilistic graphical data.
This simplifies the representation of P(A/B) and the problem of estimating it from the training data.
Online since: January 2017
Authors: Thirawudh Pongprayoon, Prakorn Kittipoomwong
The swelling data was obtained as follow.
The noticeable change is the pH reduction over time when vulcanized temperature is at 60 oC.
The swell ratio and viscosity data in Fig. 1 and 2 are replotted at curing temperatures between 45-60 oC and is shown in Fig. 3.
The viscosity data shows a promising potential to predict the degree of vulcanization in this moderate-to-fully vulcanized condition where there is a rapid change in viscosity value
The viscosity data exhibit a very responsive change to the degree of vulcanization particularly in the moderate-to-fully vulcanized condition which can be further exploited as an on-site industrial measurement.
The noticeable change is the pH reduction over time when vulcanized temperature is at 60 oC.
The swell ratio and viscosity data in Fig. 1 and 2 are replotted at curing temperatures between 45-60 oC and is shown in Fig. 3.
The viscosity data shows a promising potential to predict the degree of vulcanization in this moderate-to-fully vulcanized condition where there is a rapid change in viscosity value
The viscosity data exhibit a very responsive change to the degree of vulcanization particularly in the moderate-to-fully vulcanized condition which can be further exploited as an on-site industrial measurement.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Nadia Bhuiyan, Shahram Sharifi, Satyaveer S. Chauhan
Even with a cellular manufacturing configuration, reduction of setup time is not fully insured and needs to be explicitly targeted.
This information in companies is usually obtained from route sheets where the MCIM data is also obtained.
It is obvious for a sequence-independent setup time that the corresponding input data for and will simply be equal.
“CLASS: An algorithm for cellular manufacturing system and layout design using sequence data”, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 24 , 488–497, 2008 [6] Cox, III, J.F.; Blackstone, J.H.; Spencer, M.S., APICS dictionary, 8t ed., Fall Church, VA, 1995 [7] LaScola Needy, K.; Billo, R.
This information in companies is usually obtained from route sheets where the MCIM data is also obtained.
It is obvious for a sequence-independent setup time that the corresponding input data for and will simply be equal.
“CLASS: An algorithm for cellular manufacturing system and layout design using sequence data”, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 24 , 488–497, 2008 [6] Cox, III, J.F.; Blackstone, J.H.; Spencer, M.S., APICS dictionary, 8t ed., Fall Church, VA, 1995 [7] LaScola Needy, K.; Billo, R.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Ming Yuan Wang, Hai Bo Ge, Lu Li, Yu Guang Fu
Loading rate was controlled at 0.2mm/min, and all electric digital data were collected using a data logger, controlled by a PC computer.
Therefore the data of specimen A1t were not adopted in the analysis. 2.
The data of C2t was also not used in the following analysis. 3.
All other test data were used in performance evaluation of the bamboo joints.
Based on the data collected from Fig.4, Fig.5, and Table2, conclusions can be drawn that the load capacity of the sleeve-cement joint is quite close to that of the other two types of joints under tension.
Therefore the data of specimen A1t were not adopted in the analysis. 2.
The data of C2t was also not used in the following analysis. 3.
All other test data were used in performance evaluation of the bamboo joints.
Based on the data collected from Fig.4, Fig.5, and Table2, conclusions can be drawn that the load capacity of the sleeve-cement joint is quite close to that of the other two types of joints under tension.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Zhu Guo Li, Takaaki Ohkubo
It is thus necessary to introduce an EB factor, called land use change, to reflect the EB caused by disruption or reduction of habitat.
But because of a shortage of LCI data, the quantification of all the EB factors is impossible in reality.
Concrete’s EB factors shown in Table 1 are considered in this study, based on the present state of LCI data in Japan.
In the future, with the storage of LCI data, the EB factors, which can’t be considered at present, may be quantitatively evaluated, e.g. release of chemical matter, etc, and the estimation of the EB factors, which are considered now, will become more reliable such as the loss of natural environment resource.
Using whether Eq. (1) or Eq. (2) to access the EPI, environmental input-output intensity data of various raw materials and processes are certainly necessary.
But because of a shortage of LCI data, the quantification of all the EB factors is impossible in reality.
Concrete’s EB factors shown in Table 1 are considered in this study, based on the present state of LCI data in Japan.
In the future, with the storage of LCI data, the EB factors, which can’t be considered at present, may be quantitatively evaluated, e.g. release of chemical matter, etc, and the estimation of the EB factors, which are considered now, will become more reliable such as the loss of natural environment resource.
Using whether Eq. (1) or Eq. (2) to access the EPI, environmental input-output intensity data of various raw materials and processes are certainly necessary.
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Maulana Yusup Rosadi, Ariadi Hazmi, Muhammad Miftahur Rahman, Nofri Naldi, Joni Aldilla Fajri, Reni Desmiarti
The simulation results show that the CH4, H2, and CO2 production efficiency is 35, 18, and 5%, respectively, which underperformed the experimental data (see the below discussion).
However, there is no significant difference in the amount of biogas produced under different temperatures in this study (data not shown).
There is no significant difference in the reduction of carbohydrates with the input voltage of 20 and 25 kV.
In this study, the tested models provided a reasonable fit to the experimental data for DBD and DBD + aerobic with the R2 value being higher than 0.62.
Determination of the (a–b) first-order rate constant and (c–d) second-order rate constant (k) of the reaction of simulated carbohydrate from DBD and DBD + aerobic treatment of POME with the input voltage of 20 kV and 25 kV by the model fitting of observed data for the initial 2 min It can be seen from Fig. 5 that k values plotted from the second-order kinetic model were higher than that first-order kinetic model under all conditions.
However, there is no significant difference in the amount of biogas produced under different temperatures in this study (data not shown).
There is no significant difference in the reduction of carbohydrates with the input voltage of 20 and 25 kV.
In this study, the tested models provided a reasonable fit to the experimental data for DBD and DBD + aerobic with the R2 value being higher than 0.62.
Determination of the (a–b) first-order rate constant and (c–d) second-order rate constant (k) of the reaction of simulated carbohydrate from DBD and DBD + aerobic treatment of POME with the input voltage of 20 kV and 25 kV by the model fitting of observed data for the initial 2 min It can be seen from Fig. 5 that k values plotted from the second-order kinetic model were higher than that first-order kinetic model under all conditions.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Abdul Razak Sapian, Nurul Akmam Naamandadin, Norhaizura Yahya
The relative environmental performance of over 250 materials and components are assessed in the Green Guide using quantitative data derived from the Building Research Establishment (BRE) environmental database.
Figure 1 Step 2 – RIBA Plan of Works 2013 Data Analysis and Findings During Stage 0 (Strategic Definition) and Stage 1 (Preparation and Brief) of the RIBA Plan of Works 2013, green assessment are not available.
GreenStar Mat-4 (Concrete) is aimed to encourage and recognise the reduction of embodied energy and resource depletion occurring through use of concrete.
GreenStar Mat-5 (Steel) is aimed to encourage and recognise the reduction in embodied energy and resource depletion associated with reduced use of virgin steel.
GBI MR1 (Storage and Collection of Recyclables) aimed to facilitate the reduction of waste generated by construction that is hauled and disposed-off in landfills.
Figure 1 Step 2 – RIBA Plan of Works 2013 Data Analysis and Findings During Stage 0 (Strategic Definition) and Stage 1 (Preparation and Brief) of the RIBA Plan of Works 2013, green assessment are not available.
GreenStar Mat-4 (Concrete) is aimed to encourage and recognise the reduction of embodied energy and resource depletion occurring through use of concrete.
GreenStar Mat-5 (Steel) is aimed to encourage and recognise the reduction in embodied energy and resource depletion associated with reduced use of virgin steel.
GBI MR1 (Storage and Collection of Recyclables) aimed to facilitate the reduction of waste generated by construction that is hauled and disposed-off in landfills.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Mohd Nasir Tamin, S.S.R. Koloor, A. Abdul-Latif
Interface delamination accounts for up to 46.7 % reduction in flexural stiffness from the undamaged state.
Properties and relevant materials data for the unidirectional lamina and interface material are derived from published work on similar CFRP composite laminates [2,8,9].
Table 1 Materials data for unidirectional lamina and interface damage model Lamina constants Interface properties E1 105.5 GPa E 1.0 x 106 MPa E2 7.2 GPa G1 1.0 x 106 MPa E2 7.2 GPa G2 1.0 x 106 MPa G12 3.4 GPa G13 3.4 GPa Materials data for damage model G23 2.52 GPa N0 = 26.12 MPa G1C = 0.26 N/mm n12 0.34 T0 = 14.57 MPa G2C = 0.52 N/mm n13 0.34 S0 = 14.57 MPa G3C = 0.52 N/mm n23 0.378 h = 1.45 A finite element model of the CFRP composite specimen under the three-point-bend test set-up is illustrated in Fig. 2(a).
Results show that: - Interface delamination accounts for up to 46.7 % reduction in flexural stiffness from the undamaged state
Properties and relevant materials data for the unidirectional lamina and interface material are derived from published work on similar CFRP composite laminates [2,8,9].
Table 1 Materials data for unidirectional lamina and interface damage model Lamina constants Interface properties E1 105.5 GPa E 1.0 x 106 MPa E2 7.2 GPa G1 1.0 x 106 MPa E2 7.2 GPa G2 1.0 x 106 MPa G12 3.4 GPa G13 3.4 GPa Materials data for damage model G23 2.52 GPa N0 = 26.12 MPa G1C = 0.26 N/mm n12 0.34 T0 = 14.57 MPa G2C = 0.52 N/mm n13 0.34 S0 = 14.57 MPa G3C = 0.52 N/mm n23 0.378 h = 1.45 A finite element model of the CFRP composite specimen under the three-point-bend test set-up is illustrated in Fig. 2(a).
Results show that: - Interface delamination accounts for up to 46.7 % reduction in flexural stiffness from the undamaged state
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Yong Yao, Yun Peng Chu, Xiao Pan Yang, Tao Yang
To investigate the effect of different amount of CFRP strengthening pre-stressed concrete hollow-core slabs and the capacity calculation methods, test data of six slabs reinforced with CFRP at different amount were compared to obtain a available calculation formula of flexural capacity.
Fig.2 The failure stress and strain diagram (1) Type 1 of T-shaped cross-section (2.1) (2) Type 2 of T-shaped cross-section (2.2) In the formula (2),x is the height of concrete in compression zone,is the reduction factor of CFRP,is the ratio of equivalent rectangular stress strength and maximum stress of concrete in compression zone, is the allowed tensile strain of CFRP,is the elasticity modulus of CFRP, is the thickness reduction factor of CFRP, is the layer of CFRP, is the thickness of single CFRP,is the cross-sectional area,is the area of tensile steel, is the tensile strength of tensile steel, is the axial compressive strength of concrete.
Fig.2 The failure stress and strain diagram (1) Type 1 of T-shaped cross-section (2.1) (2) Type 2 of T-shaped cross-section (2.2) In the formula (2),x is the height of concrete in compression zone,is the reduction factor of CFRP,is the ratio of equivalent rectangular stress strength and maximum stress of concrete in compression zone, is the allowed tensile strain of CFRP,is the elasticity modulus of CFRP, is the thickness reduction factor of CFRP, is the layer of CFRP, is the thickness of single CFRP,is the cross-sectional area,is the area of tensile steel, is the tensile strength of tensile steel, is the axial compressive strength of concrete.