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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Cheng Huang, Yong Tao Han, Heng De Li, Yan Yan
Procedure and Experimental Data.
The binary energy parameters aij for the miscible mixture were obtained from vapor-liquid equilibrium data reduction using the following thermodynamic equations:
Data Vol.7 (1994), p. 177 [2] R.
Data Vol.52 (2007), p. 1710 [5] T.
Data Vol.50 (2005), p. 2013 [7] K.
The binary energy parameters aij for the miscible mixture were obtained from vapor-liquid equilibrium data reduction using the following thermodynamic equations:
Data Vol.7 (1994), p. 177 [2] R.
Data Vol.52 (2007), p. 1710 [5] T.
Data Vol.50 (2005), p. 2013 [7] K.
KCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion of the Austenitic Stainless Steel 304L – The Influence of SO2
Online since: September 2011
Authors: S. Karlsson, J.E. Svensson, L.G. Johansson, J. Pettersson
The addition of 300 ppm SO2 to the O2+H2O and O2+H2O+KCl environments results in a drastic reduction of corrosion rate.
In O2+H2O environment the effect of SO2 is attributed to the formation of a thin sulphate film on the oxide surface that impedes chromium volatilization and decreases the rate of oxygen reduction on the oxide surface.
The effect of surface sulphate was suggested to be twofold, reducing the evaporation of CrO2(OH)2 and decreasing the rate of reduction of oxygen by blocking active sites [7].
The adsorbed sulphate is suggested to slow down chromium volatilization and to decrease the rate of oxygen reduction on the oxide surface.
Barin, I., Thermodynamic Data of Pure Substances.
In O2+H2O environment the effect of SO2 is attributed to the formation of a thin sulphate film on the oxide surface that impedes chromium volatilization and decreases the rate of oxygen reduction on the oxide surface.
The effect of surface sulphate was suggested to be twofold, reducing the evaporation of CrO2(OH)2 and decreasing the rate of reduction of oxygen by blocking active sites [7].
The adsorbed sulphate is suggested to slow down chromium volatilization and to decrease the rate of oxygen reduction on the oxide surface.
Barin, I., Thermodynamic Data of Pure Substances.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Phuong Tran, Tuan D. Ngo, Gabriele Imbalzano, Cheng Chou Yang
The reduction of the velocity, the consequently absorbed energy, and the post-mortem failure modes were analysed to understand the ballistic resistance of the fabric structures studied.
Figure 3: Snapshots at different times (in μs) during the impact event (a), post-mortem failure patterns of nine different tests on weave fabrics with different architectures and orientations (b), and velocity reduction obtained from these experiments (c) Numerical model and validation A finite element model of the single Twaron® yarn was first constructed.
The fabric finite element model was verified against the experimental data by simulating the ballistic impact with identical striking velocities.
Fig. 11 shows the different combinations analysed and the obtained reduction of velocity after an impact in the 90-105 m/s range.
At the striking velocity of 105 m/s, the projectile velocity reduction is simulated to be dV=19.64 m/s, with the specific energy loss at 18 mJ/gsm.
Figure 3: Snapshots at different times (in μs) during the impact event (a), post-mortem failure patterns of nine different tests on weave fabrics with different architectures and orientations (b), and velocity reduction obtained from these experiments (c) Numerical model and validation A finite element model of the single Twaron® yarn was first constructed.
The fabric finite element model was verified against the experimental data by simulating the ballistic impact with identical striking velocities.
Fig. 11 shows the different combinations analysed and the obtained reduction of velocity after an impact in the 90-105 m/s range.
At the striking velocity of 105 m/s, the projectile velocity reduction is simulated to be dV=19.64 m/s, with the specific energy loss at 18 mJ/gsm.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: S.S. Gerasimov, Irina A. Gruzdeva, Vladislav R. Baraz
The mold temperature reduction from 550 °C to 450 °C leads to the grain size decrease and the little yield strength increase.
Such approach allows getting the most accurate information using a minimum volume of experimental data.
Table 1 presents data about the studied parameters taking into account the zero level, the varying intervals, as well as the upper and lower levels.
The reduction from 550 to 450 ° C contributes to decrease the grain size (20-25%) and increase lightly σ0,2 (no more than 10%).
Such approach allows getting the most accurate information using a minimum volume of experimental data.
Table 1 presents data about the studied parameters taking into account the zero level, the varying intervals, as well as the upper and lower levels.
The reduction from 550 to 450 ° C contributes to decrease the grain size (20-25%) and increase lightly σ0,2 (no more than 10%).
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Hae Ryung Kim, Jaihyun Seu, Hamid Arastoopour
The formation of
agglomerates or clusters results in a reduction in the number and an increase in the size of particles,
both of which directly affect the frequency of inter-particle collisions and, in turn, the particle phase
properties such as viscosity and pressure, as well as gas/particle drag force in gas/particle flow
systems.
Moreover, the experimental data on particle fluctuating velocity using LDA by Zhang et al.[5] showed the significance of fluctuating velocity in identifying the particulate phase flow patterns in agglomerating or clustering particle flow systems.
Savage and Jeffrey showed good agreement between their theoretical prediction and the experimental data at 7.1=tR [8], and Lun also reported that tR can be of the order one when the collision becomes relatively less elastic[9].
S Chou: A Theory for Grain-Size Reduction in Granular Flows of Spheres, J.
Moreover, the experimental data on particle fluctuating velocity using LDA by Zhang et al.[5] showed the significance of fluctuating velocity in identifying the particulate phase flow patterns in agglomerating or clustering particle flow systems.
Savage and Jeffrey showed good agreement between their theoretical prediction and the experimental data at 7.1=tR [8], and Lun also reported that tR can be of the order one when the collision becomes relatively less elastic[9].
S Chou: A Theory for Grain-Size Reduction in Granular Flows of Spheres, J.
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Takumi Wada, Hiroki Oribe, Tsuyoshi Kimura, Katsuyuki Kitahara, Takashi Kitahata, Naoya Hirano, Shunya Azami, Hideki Okada
Those skin sheets have complex shapes which include mainly machine milled thickness reduction area called pockets, thickness tapers, cutouts for the windows and doors.
Using data set of shim thicknesses based on current process with specified geometry of the die and the punch as the stroke amount for the variable punches would not works well.
In addition, no one has sufficient data of preferable shim thickness to apply newly designed skins.
It provides significant improvement in an accuracy and great reduction in a manufacturing time compared to the conventional methods.
Using data set of shim thicknesses based on current process with specified geometry of the die and the punch as the stroke amount for the variable punches would not works well.
In addition, no one has sufficient data of preferable shim thickness to apply newly designed skins.
It provides significant improvement in an accuracy and great reduction in a manufacturing time compared to the conventional methods.
Online since: June 2023
Authors: Tobias Erlbacher, Eric Guiot, Frédéric Allibert, Walter Schwarzenbach, Séverin Rouchier, Carsten Hellinger, Tom Becker, Jürgen Leib
The Smart Cut™ technology enables the combination of a high quality single crystal SiC layer onto a low resistivity handle wafer (<5mOhm.cm), allowing device optimization as well as the reduction of device’s conduction and switching losses.
The most commonly used method to form an ohmic contact to SiC devices, mainly to contact a device from its back side, includes the deposition of a metal layer followed by an annealing (at approximately 1000°C) to induce a reaction of the metal with the SiC (i.e. with the formation of silicides, carbides, or ternary phases), with a consequent reduction of the barrier height or the barrier thickness [8].
Fig. 1a: Sheet resistance of 70 nm NiAl2.6% on 4H-SiC substrate as-deposited with 225 data points measured.
Fig. 2b: Sheet resistance of laser annealed 70 nm NiSi on 4H-SiC substrate with different laser energies, ranging from 2.3 – 3.3 J/cm² and a non-annealed area with 625 data points measured.
The most commonly used method to form an ohmic contact to SiC devices, mainly to contact a device from its back side, includes the deposition of a metal layer followed by an annealing (at approximately 1000°C) to induce a reaction of the metal with the SiC (i.e. with the formation of silicides, carbides, or ternary phases), with a consequent reduction of the barrier height or the barrier thickness [8].
Fig. 1a: Sheet resistance of 70 nm NiAl2.6% on 4H-SiC substrate as-deposited with 225 data points measured.
Fig. 2b: Sheet resistance of laser annealed 70 nm NiSi on 4H-SiC substrate with different laser energies, ranging from 2.3 – 3.3 J/cm² and a non-annealed area with 625 data points measured.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Wang Ping Zhou, Li Li Wang
Getting familiar with the disaster site as soon as possible to understand the disaster situation can technically support the reduction of the secondary loss and the rapid implementation of the optimal disaster reduction and disaster relief plans.
This kind of flying robot mainly adopts the low-altitude remote sensing data acquisition and processing technology, namely UAV remote sensing sensor, and applies digital telemetry remote control technology, communication technology, GPS, differential positioning technology, digital close range photogrammetry to conduct the acquisition, processing, 3D modeling and application analysis of remote sensing data [4, 5].
Combine the historical data and the expert experience to repeatedly train the neural network.
With the intelligent planning decision-making system combined with the historical data and expert opinions, the analysis and processing is automatically conducted.
In this series of emergency tasks, it is essential to obtain the rapid, accurate and effective site data feedback to determine the key information including scope of alert and evacuation, evacuation routes and rescue resources allocation.
This kind of flying robot mainly adopts the low-altitude remote sensing data acquisition and processing technology, namely UAV remote sensing sensor, and applies digital telemetry remote control technology, communication technology, GPS, differential positioning technology, digital close range photogrammetry to conduct the acquisition, processing, 3D modeling and application analysis of remote sensing data [4, 5].
Combine the historical data and the expert experience to repeatedly train the neural network.
With the intelligent planning decision-making system combined with the historical data and expert opinions, the analysis and processing is automatically conducted.
In this series of emergency tasks, it is essential to obtain the rapid, accurate and effective site data feedback to determine the key information including scope of alert and evacuation, evacuation routes and rescue resources allocation.
Online since: September 2024
Authors: Ruth da Silva Brum, Régis Sperotto de Quadros, Joseane da Silva Porto, Michele Soares Netto, César Oropesa Avellaneda
As is well known in the literature, the rate of consumption of these fuels significantly exceeds their reserve formation, leading to a continuous reduction of available reserves [9].
Associated with the growth in demand for electricity is the reduction in energy from available water sources, with a drop of 0.4% in 2020 compared to 2019 [11].
This paper analyzes the data obtained from computational simulations conducted using the EnergyPlus software, to examine the influence that electrochromic devices have on the thermoenergetic performance of a residential building, compared to double and electrochromic glasses.
To perform the simulations, the characteristics of the building, its materials and the climate file are used as boundary conditions, and configured in the input data.
In the simulated cases, data on external monthly average temperatures were also collected, in addition to the operative temperature of the environment, which made it possible to calculate of thermal comfort level.
Associated with the growth in demand for electricity is the reduction in energy from available water sources, with a drop of 0.4% in 2020 compared to 2019 [11].
This paper analyzes the data obtained from computational simulations conducted using the EnergyPlus software, to examine the influence that electrochromic devices have on the thermoenergetic performance of a residential building, compared to double and electrochromic glasses.
To perform the simulations, the characteristics of the building, its materials and the climate file are used as boundary conditions, and configured in the input data.
In the simulated cases, data on external monthly average temperatures were also collected, in addition to the operative temperature of the environment, which made it possible to calculate of thermal comfort level.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Mohammad Kazem Ramezani, S M Mohseni Shakib, H Soltani
A new proposed model shows enhancement of the accuracy of the results which showed a good agreement with available experimental data.
The stiffness reduction is carried out within a layer and within a single finite element at selected integration points.
Fig. 2 Finite element mesh with applied boundary condition – in-plane view Results and discussion In order to verify the proposed 3D finite element approach, numerical simulation of specimen for local buckling load have been compared with experimental data available in Ref. [9].
This reduction is much more considerable for large size delaminations
The stiffness reduction is carried out within a layer and within a single finite element at selected integration points.
Fig. 2 Finite element mesh with applied boundary condition – in-plane view Results and discussion In order to verify the proposed 3D finite element approach, numerical simulation of specimen for local buckling load have been compared with experimental data available in Ref. [9].
This reduction is much more considerable for large size delaminations