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Online since: July 2021
Authors: Andriy Spirochkin, Denys Zavialov, Rostislav Oliynyk, Olena Pinchevska
Because no energy is consumed during the cooling period of the wood, this leads to a significant reduction of its spending [7, 10] and reducing the cost of drying process for 24% [7].
Reduction of process in 1,5 - 2 times for beech and oak wood is noted in [8].
The inconsistency of the hypothesis of temperature change according to the sinusoidal law with experimental data is established.
Fexp Ftest heating 1.0 2.07 1.15 2.82 cooling 0.14 2.07 1.30 2.82 The obtained experimental data of the kinetics of temperature change (Fig. 2) showed that the heating period is polynomial, and the cooling period is exponential.
Given the acceleration of the drying process in the case of using oscillating schedules and reducing energy consumption by 1.53 times due to the cooling cycle, you can achieve a cost reduction of 3.3 times.
Reduction of process in 1,5 - 2 times for beech and oak wood is noted in [8].
The inconsistency of the hypothesis of temperature change according to the sinusoidal law with experimental data is established.
Fexp Ftest heating 1.0 2.07 1.15 2.82 cooling 0.14 2.07 1.30 2.82 The obtained experimental data of the kinetics of temperature change (Fig. 2) showed that the heating period is polynomial, and the cooling period is exponential.
Given the acceleration of the drying process in the case of using oscillating schedules and reducing energy consumption by 1.53 times due to the cooling cycle, you can achieve a cost reduction of 3.3 times.
Online since: September 2015
Authors: Gow Yi Tzou, Sen Chyi Weng, Bor Lih Kuo
The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing the predicted results for the compression force and bulge profile under some reductions with the results obtained by experiment, Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations, and SM analysis.
Generally, the following simulation setting data (see Table 2) have to be inputted to the software for the rotating cases.
Table 2 The simulation setting data inputs for FEM simulation Forming Machine Hydraulic Press Simulation Module 3D Rotating Speed for the Lower Die 0.2rad/sec Constant Shear Friction at Interface 0.3/0.1 Reduction Ratio 18.67~32.67% Moving Speed for the Upper Die 2mm/sec Flow Stress of Layer 2 Cylinder SUS304 : Flow Stress of Layer 1 Cylinder SAE1039 : Geometry of Layer 2 Cylinder Geometry of Layer 1 Cylinder Fig. 4 presents the corresponding results including the effective stress, the effective strain and material flow of the double-layer clad cylinder after compression whether considering the rotating effect.
The compression forces obtained by the Slab analysis and FEM simulation under the given reduction ratios for various clad height ratios can be compared whether considering the rotating effect.
Fig. 6 shows the compression forces from experiment and UBM, SM, FEM three methods with the geometrical and frictional conditions, that is Di=10mm, Hi=15mm, m2=0.3, m1=0.1, under three reduction rates 19%, 23%, 28%, and angle velocity.
Generally, the following simulation setting data (see Table 2) have to be inputted to the software for the rotating cases.
Table 2 The simulation setting data inputs for FEM simulation Forming Machine Hydraulic Press Simulation Module 3D Rotating Speed for the Lower Die 0.2rad/sec Constant Shear Friction at Interface 0.3/0.1 Reduction Ratio 18.67~32.67% Moving Speed for the Upper Die 2mm/sec Flow Stress of Layer 2 Cylinder SUS304 : Flow Stress of Layer 1 Cylinder SAE1039 : Geometry of Layer 2 Cylinder Geometry of Layer 1 Cylinder Fig. 4 presents the corresponding results including the effective stress, the effective strain and material flow of the double-layer clad cylinder after compression whether considering the rotating effect.
The compression forces obtained by the Slab analysis and FEM simulation under the given reduction ratios for various clad height ratios can be compared whether considering the rotating effect.
Fig. 6 shows the compression forces from experiment and UBM, SM, FEM three methods with the geometrical and frictional conditions, that is Di=10mm, Hi=15mm, m2=0.3, m1=0.1, under three reduction rates 19%, 23%, 28%, and angle velocity.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: S.A. Eftekhari, F. Bakhtiari-Nejad, E.H. Dowell
So another category of damage detection techniques based on vibrational data from nonlinear systems are developed.
For example, damage detection in nonlinear systems using system augmentation [1], identification of damage based on attractor changes [2], enhancing nonlinear dynamics for accurate identification of stiffness loss [3], using attractor dimension in structural health monitoring [4, 5], and structural health monitoring through chaotic interrogation [6] are some of these methods that use vibrational data of a nonlinear system for damage detection.
For example, for the healthy region would be 1 and shows a 10% stiffness reduction for the damaged portion of the panel.
In all damage scenarios, the length of the damaged portion is set to 1.25% of total length and only the damage extent (stiffness reduction percent) and damage location differ.
Eigenvalues of 20 different damage scenarios while only 2 of them are independent In each location ten damage extents were assumed (from 1% to 10% stiffness reduction).
For example, damage detection in nonlinear systems using system augmentation [1], identification of damage based on attractor changes [2], enhancing nonlinear dynamics for accurate identification of stiffness loss [3], using attractor dimension in structural health monitoring [4, 5], and structural health monitoring through chaotic interrogation [6] are some of these methods that use vibrational data of a nonlinear system for damage detection.
For example, for the healthy region would be 1 and shows a 10% stiffness reduction for the damaged portion of the panel.
In all damage scenarios, the length of the damaged portion is set to 1.25% of total length and only the damage extent (stiffness reduction percent) and damage location differ.
Eigenvalues of 20 different damage scenarios while only 2 of them are independent In each location ten damage extents were assumed (from 1% to 10% stiffness reduction).
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Lu Liu, Dong Jie Tan, Hong Zhang
Instruction of UCI dataset
Dataset
(class amount)
Dimension
Training Sample
Test
Sample
Heart(2)
13
190
86
Iris(3)
4
80
50
Wine(3)
13
105
65
Glass(6)
9
99
95
Experiment Study
Data Acquisition.
Noise Reduction and Feature Extraction.
Before the threat events classification by the proposed method, noise reduction and feature extraction must be implemented.
The signals before and after noise reduction are shown in Fig.2.
[2] Tinoco, J., Correia, G, Cortez, P.: A Novel Approach to Predicting Young's Modulus of Jet Grouting Laboratory Formulations over Time Using Data Mining techniques.
Noise Reduction and Feature Extraction.
Before the threat events classification by the proposed method, noise reduction and feature extraction must be implemented.
The signals before and after noise reduction are shown in Fig.2.
[2] Tinoco, J., Correia, G, Cortez, P.: A Novel Approach to Predicting Young's Modulus of Jet Grouting Laboratory Formulations over Time Using Data Mining techniques.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Zahra Motaghi
Vat and indigo dyes are the series of dyes of different chemical constitution is grouped under this name; they are insoluble in water but by reduction in alkaline solutions are converted into hydro soluble leuco derivatives.
The reduction of vat dyes is based on reversible quinone/hydroquinone reaction which requires reducing agent [5].The reduction of vat and sulphur dyes has attracted much attention in recent years.
The reflectance data of each two samples of dyeing with sodium dithionite and Sheghar were reported in one spectrogram. 2.2.3.
[6] A Roessler, State of the art technologies and new electrochemical methods for the reduction of vat dyes, Dyes and Pigments. 59-3 (2003) 223-235
[8] A Kulandainathan, M A Muthukumaran, Potentiostatic studies on indirect electrochemical reduction of vat dyes.
The reduction of vat dyes is based on reversible quinone/hydroquinone reaction which requires reducing agent [5].The reduction of vat and sulphur dyes has attracted much attention in recent years.
The reflectance data of each two samples of dyeing with sodium dithionite and Sheghar were reported in one spectrogram. 2.2.3.
[6] A Roessler, State of the art technologies and new electrochemical methods for the reduction of vat dyes, Dyes and Pigments. 59-3 (2003) 223-235
[8] A Kulandainathan, M A Muthukumaran, Potentiostatic studies on indirect electrochemical reduction of vat dyes.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Marco Mauceri, Danilo Crippa, Francesco La Via, Andrea Severino, Andrea Canino, Massimo Camarda, Carmelo Vecchio, Antonino La Magna
Therefore, the reduction of deep traps is also required to realize high-voltage SiC bipolar devices.
Unfortunately no electrical data are available for this new process and, from the first result, it seems that the main limitation is related to the use of a single precursor that fixes the C/Si ratio to 1.
In both case a large reduction is observed increasing the growth rate.
Forum, 679-680, 67 (2011) the growth rate should be the main factor in the BPD reduction.
Generally SFs lead to a reduction of carrier life-time and an increase of the leakage current.
Unfortunately no electrical data are available for this new process and, from the first result, it seems that the main limitation is related to the use of a single precursor that fixes the C/Si ratio to 1.
In both case a large reduction is observed increasing the growth rate.
Forum, 679-680, 67 (2011) the growth rate should be the main factor in the BPD reduction.
Generally SFs lead to a reduction of carrier life-time and an increase of the leakage current.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Zhi Ming Zhu, Tian Miao Shen, Bing Yan He
Scenario 2: The second scenario is the energy efficiency improvement scenario (EEI), in the scenario that current energy conservation and emission reduction have been considered, but measures for CO2 emission reduction is still in consideration.
Compared with BAU scenario, in the EEI scenario, CO2 emission reduction continues to present energy policy.
The data indicates that the CO2 emission reduction policies and measures will affected the rapid growth of the economy in the future.
However, under the EEI and the LC scenario, due to adopt the policy of energy conservation, emission reduction and low-carbon technologies, the growth of energy consumption was restricted to a certain extent.
In addition, with the advent of the low carbon time, the shortage of resources will inevitably lead to the reduction of the consumption about fossil fuel, the share of the alternative energy, such as water, wind and other renewable resources will be greater and greater.
Compared with BAU scenario, in the EEI scenario, CO2 emission reduction continues to present energy policy.
The data indicates that the CO2 emission reduction policies and measures will affected the rapid growth of the economy in the future.
However, under the EEI and the LC scenario, due to adopt the policy of energy conservation, emission reduction and low-carbon technologies, the growth of energy consumption was restricted to a certain extent.
In addition, with the advent of the low carbon time, the shortage of resources will inevitably lead to the reduction of the consumption about fossil fuel, the share of the alternative energy, such as water, wind and other renewable resources will be greater and greater.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Abdul Razak Sapian, Norhaizura Yahya, Nurul Akmam Naamandadin
The relative environmental performance of over 250 materials and components are assessed in the Green Guide using quantitative data derived from the Building Research Establishment (BRE) environmental database.
Figure 1 Step 2 – RIBA Plan of Works 2013 Data Analysis and Findings During Stage 0 (Strategic Definition) and Stage 1 (Preparation and Brief) of the RIBA Plan of Works 2013, green assessment are not available.
GreenStar Mat-4 (Concrete) is aimed to encourage and recognise the reduction of embodied energy and resource depletion occurring through use of concrete.
GreenStar Mat-5 (Steel) is aimed to encourage and recognise the reduction in embodied energy and resource depletion associated with reduced use of virgin steel.
GBI MR1 (Storage and Collection of Recyclables) aimed to facilitate the reduction of waste generated by construction that is hauled and disposed-off in landfills.
Figure 1 Step 2 – RIBA Plan of Works 2013 Data Analysis and Findings During Stage 0 (Strategic Definition) and Stage 1 (Preparation and Brief) of the RIBA Plan of Works 2013, green assessment are not available.
GreenStar Mat-4 (Concrete) is aimed to encourage and recognise the reduction of embodied energy and resource depletion occurring through use of concrete.
GreenStar Mat-5 (Steel) is aimed to encourage and recognise the reduction in embodied energy and resource depletion associated with reduced use of virgin steel.
GBI MR1 (Storage and Collection of Recyclables) aimed to facilitate the reduction of waste generated by construction that is hauled and disposed-off in landfills.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: Irina V. Zlobina, N.V. Bekrenev, G.K. Muldasheva
Thus, a 24% decrease in pore size and reduction in their dispersion by almost 30% is noticed.
Then we examined the flexural strength of the samples, which was evaluated by the sample fracture strength determined on a special strain gauge setup with computer data processing .On the basis of the results obtained by calculations we determined the limit of bending stress.
Experimental Results and Discussion On the basis of mathematical processing of the experimental data [22] for samples with electromagnetic processing after the formation without impregnation approximating function was derived: , where F is the external force, resulting in the destruction of the sample, H; Рsp is summed up intensity of the electromagnetic field, W/cm3; τ is influence time, s.
The mentioned above confirms offered by us mechanism, according to which the increase in the uniformity of the structure and reduction in pore size after electrophysical processing increases the number of connections between the agglomerates of structure and increase in the limit bending stresses.
Thus, a 24% decrease in pore size and reduction in their dispersion by almost 30% is noticed.
Then we examined the flexural strength of the samples, which was evaluated by the sample fracture strength determined on a special strain gauge setup with computer data processing .On the basis of the results obtained by calculations we determined the limit of bending stress.
Experimental Results and Discussion On the basis of mathematical processing of the experimental data [22] for samples with electromagnetic processing after the formation without impregnation approximating function was derived: , where F is the external force, resulting in the destruction of the sample, H; Рsp is summed up intensity of the electromagnetic field, W/cm3; τ is influence time, s.
The mentioned above confirms offered by us mechanism, according to which the increase in the uniformity of the structure and reduction in pore size after electrophysical processing increases the number of connections between the agglomerates of structure and increase in the limit bending stresses.
Thus, a 24% decrease in pore size and reduction in their dispersion by almost 30% is noticed.
Online since: April 2020
Authors: Ali Hosseinzadeh, Dhyai Hassan Jawad, Mustafa Misirli, Guney Guven Yapici
However, the elongation under shear manifested a reduction when the number of ARB passes increased.
Slabs were preheated at 350oC for 5 minutes before each pass of the rolling, and it was rolled with a thickness reduction of 50% per cycle[6].
A reduction in individual layer thickness was detected with increasing the number of ARB passes.
The slope of the fitted line between the tensile data and shear data indicated the correlation coefficient (m) and was found to be about 1.1339.
Slabs were preheated at 350oC for 5 minutes before each pass of the rolling, and it was rolled with a thickness reduction of 50% per cycle[6].
A reduction in individual layer thickness was detected with increasing the number of ARB passes.
The slope of the fitted line between the tensile data and shear data indicated the correlation coefficient (m) and was found to be about 1.1339.