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At present, the techniques of graft copolymerization are extensively applied to alter the inherent physical and mechanical properties of both natural and synthetic polymers, as the modified materials can find wide industrial and biomedical applications[5].
However, there are a mass of fine components which affect paper physical properties in wheat straw pulp.
Paper properties.
Clearly, the reaction time is one of the vital factors in affecting the grafting efficiency.
Paper properties of grafted wheat straw pulp.

These thermal and mechanical systems of equations are solved simultaneously using the Newton's method. 2.2 Thermal model Due to the time-dependent nature of the casting process, the heat transfer model of the DC casting process must be transient and must account for any appreciable temperature dependencies in thermo-physical properties of the materials employed in the casting process.
The heat transfer coefficient depends on many factor such as the water flow rate, the spraying position, the nozzle type, the surface temperature of the ingot, and so on.
The thermophysical properties of 7B50 aluminum in the analysis are temperature dependent.
Fig.3 The temperature of the nodes at the center and surface of the ingot along the casting（ v=24 mm/min） The principle stress along the casting direction is one of the major factors to produce hot cracking in the semi-casting process.
At the same time, the temperature is another important factor to affect the principle stress, because the stress is depend on the elastic modulus which is temperature dependent.

The so-called Design of Experiments (DOE) is a powerful statistical tool which allows experimenters to study simultaneously the effect of multiple factors i.e. variables, parameters, ingredients, etc.
DOE can effectively be used to study the influence of individual factors on the quality characteristic of a product and decide which parameter has more influence and which ones have less.
The elastic mechanical material properties are reported in Table 1.
PA66GF30: elastic and plastic material properties EMpa ν νp 9000 0.35 0.44 In Fig. 2, the simulation values for the punch load-displacement are correlated with experimentally measured values.
According to Taguchi method, once the parameters affecting the process have been determined, the levels at which these parameters should be varied must be determined [17].

The mechanical properties of the composites were improved as kenaf fiber loadings increased.
In addition, the mechanical properties of natural fibers such as flax, hemp, jute, sisal and kenaf are comparable with glass fiber in respect of strength and modulus [4].
There are many factors affect the mechanical and physical properties of the polymer composites such as incorporation of reinforcement fillers, chemical treatment and wetting process.
Figure 3: Flexural strength of kenaf-epoxy-MMT-CTAB composites Summary The incorporation of kenaf, MMT and MMT-CTAB has profound effect on mechanical and physical properties of kenaf-epoxy composite.
The addition of kenaf can increased the mechanical properties of the composite.

Introduction During the lifetime of a spacecraft, materials are subjected to different environmental factors, affecting the integrity and functionality of the structure.
The resin system has been selected based on its high Tg (240oC) and its high mechanical properties (presented in Table 1).
The self-healing system constituents were chosen regarding to their physical properties and their compatibility with the resin matrix.
Three-point bending tests and impact test are to be performed on neat samples and on samples after exposure to evaluate and validate the healing properties.
FEM analysis are ongoing to numerically evaluate the mechanical properties of the new composite material.

The certain properties of alloy layer are higher than the substrate, so achieve the purpose of surface modification treatment [1, 2, and 3].
Low carbon ductile iron has low cost, use scrap steel as raw material; in the cast state, low carbon ductile iron can get excellent comprehensive mechanical property, its tensile strength can reach 854MPa,and has certain toughness and plasticity; low carbon ductile iron has superior machine performance, cutting strip is ribbon, similar to the steel scraps[6].
But the temperature gradient G is the maximum, so shape control factor G / V tends to be infinite, solidification structures only grow in low-speed flat.
The transition zone and heat affected zone.
Fine structure, highly dispersed carbides and the existence of a large number of dislocations, the microstructure of laser transformation hardening has more excellent properties than conventional quenching.

One of the determining factors of this inaccuracy is the incompleteness of the modeling of transformation plasticity; an empirical and simplified formula, such that the induced strain is proportional to the applied load, has been utilized.
Isotropic properties are assumed, and the three terms on the right-hand side of Eq. (2) are expressed as , (3) where E, n, a, and b are the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, thermal expansion coefficient, and transformation dilatation coefficient, respectively, and dij is the Kronecker delta.
The mechanical properties, E, n, and yielding parameters such as initial yield stress s0 are assumed to be identical for both phases, while the thermal expansion coefficient is varied for the two phases as a1 and a2.
The temperature gradient affects the thermal stress, and consequently it affects the phase transformation due to the stress dependency.
Meanwhile, practical phase field simulations will also be demonstrated to show the microscopic deformation behavior and related mechanical properties of materials under phase transformation in the next stage of our study.

Accuracy of shape dimension is derived from a number of factors such as the rigidity of the machine itself, the interaction between stiffness and machine-tool, the temperature at the incision site (i.e. dilatation effects of heat).
The technology directly affects the subsurface layer of workpiece (temperature, chemical reactions, cutting forces, etc.).
Mechanical properties of steel C45 is shown in following table (Tab.3).
Table 2 Chemical composition of steel C45 Chemical element C Mn Si Cr Ni Cu P S % ratio 0,51 0,69 0,25 0,15 0 0,12 0,023 0,017 Table 3 Mechanical properties of steel C45 Name Signification and unit Value Yield stress Rp [MPa] 350 Yield strength Rm [MPa] 630 Ductility A [%] 19 Hardness HB 225 Tensile module E [GPa] 211 Surface components were milled on two crossings with cooling, because of insufficient diameter of tool (diameter D = 63 mm, 6 teeth).
Conductive electromagnetic material properties are dependent on the type of material, its density, specific conductance, etc.

The key factors need to be improved are the bearing capacity and deflection of SIP slabs.
The properties of the fiber cement board, as supplied by the SIP manufacturer, are specified in Table 1.
The properties of the EPS foam are given in Table 2.
The properties of the FRP sheets are given in Table 3.
Table 1 Mechanical properties of fiber cement board Thickness [mm] Density [kg/m3] Compressive strength [N/mm2] Tensile strength [N/mm2] Flexural strength [N/mm2] Modulus of elastic [N/mm2] Along Across 10 1,350 12 N/A 1.39 17 4,500 Table 2 Mechanical properties of EPS foam Density [kg/m3] Compressive strength [N/mm2] Tensile strength [N/mm2] Flexural strength [N/mm2] Shear strength [N/mm2] 24 0.165 0.351 0.296 0.365 Table 3 Mechanical properties of FRP sheets Type code CFRP (KNC 125) GFRP (KNA206-A) Yarn count [/m] Warp 236 236 Fill 236 236 Minimum tensile load [kg /cm] Warp 86.7 26 Fill 89.8 26 Minimum bursting strength [kg/cm2] - 14 Thickness [mm] 0.22 0.37 Weight [g/m2] 200 145 Fig.3 FSIP one-way slabs in the test Test procedure.

Thermal radiative properties were measured on a Calorimetric Emissometer at 175K～375K.
Traditionally, active thermal control was realized using heaters, variable conductance heat pipes, mechanical louvers [1], etc.
This paper explored the preparation process of the new La1-xSrxMnO3 materials, ceramic sintering process combined with a solid state reaction method was used to prepare various components of La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.175, 0.2 and 0.3) at 900°C~1400°C, a detailed analysis was carried out in the scope of the microscopic structure changes and thermal radiative properties.
It could be seen from the figure with different proportions of Sr-doped, the emissivity of the material with the temperature variation on the undoped material only showed insulator characteristics, with different doping proportion, transition occurred from insulator at high temperature to metal properties at low temperatures.
The structural phase transition appeared to cause Mn3+↔ Mn4+ ion conversion two factors combined result of the Mn-O octahedral Jahn-Teller distortion.