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Introduction Thermophysical properties such as emissivity and thermal conductivity, and thermomechanical properties such as failure mechanism have shown that ceramic matrix composites are the key engineering materials for transatmospheric space vehicles[1].
The effect of employing radiative cooling materials of varying ε and nose radii (Rn), on maximum wall temperature (Tw,max), is studied as shown in Fig 3.
Figure 3 Maximum wall temperature variation for different surface materials The optimization results of ε, kw, Tr, Tw)lam at design point of Mach 6.0 and altitude 35 km for flat and spherical surface on hot wall are presented in Table 1.
Journal of Aeronautical Sciences, 1958. 25(2): p. 73-85
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computations, 2011: p. 21

Additionally, they were used for the removal of hazardous materials [30].
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Vol. 6(2):1850-1855
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 6(4):1170-1173
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, Vol. 8(8), pp: 273-274
Recent advances in the use of walnut (Juglans regia L.) shell as a valuable plant-based bio-sorbent for the removal of hazardous materials.

Research of environmental materials with sewage marine discharge diffusion effect in YangKou port Hang YU, Jing-feng BAI, Xin-hai WANG, Hong-xin ZHAO Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456，yuhang0709@sina.com Keyword: marine disposal; diffuser; physical model Abstract: The sewage diffusion is an environmental material for protecting marine environment.
Research of environmental Sciences. 1994,7（5）：49—52
Hydraulic journal.1993,6
Marine environmental Science. 2000,19（4）：41—45
Advances in water sciences. 1995,6（3）：176—181

Modern construction industry is in need of new building materials with improved operational properties.
One of such materials is the sulfur-bituminous concrete – composite with matrix formed from sulfur and bitumen mix.
The construction technology mostly deals with heterogeneous multi-phase materials – composites, with different matrix materials, fillers, aggregates and admixtures.
One of such materials is the so-called sulfur-bituminous concrete – disperse-filled composite with fine and coarse fillers, and with matrix formed from sulfur and bitumen mix.
Smirnov, Using Particle Systems to Model the Building Materials, Advanced Materials Research. 746 (2013) 277-280

This is because most of pinning points in the ferromagnetic materials are at the grain boundaries.
Evans, Effect of deformation in bending on magnetic Barkhausen noise in low alloy steel, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2004, 386: 74-80
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2006, 303: 153-159
Capo-Sanchez, Simulation of the Barkhausen Noise using random field Ising model with long-range interaction, Computational Materials Science, 2009, 44: 850-857
[19] Xin Qi, Research on the Relation Between Magnetic Barkhausen Noise and Ferromagnetic Materials with Different Heat Treatments, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 2008, Vo1. 36, No.6: 525-533

For commercial success, the raw elements of the hydrogen storage materials should be of low cost, the synthesis process should be inexpensive and easily scalable.
In this perspective, cold rolling was investigated as a new means of producing nanocrystalline materials.
This work shows that cold rolling is a promising technique for synthesis of hydrogen storage materials.
Vasudevan et al., Materials Science and Engineering A 329-331, (2002) 362
Barandiaran, Materials Science and Engineering A 134, (1991) 1402

Introduction BFRP bar is made of multi-strand resin matrix material combined CBFS, via extruding and drawing, extrusion molding processes begin from the raw material, and then after soakage, pressing dies, curing, cutting, etc, and finally being a new composite material.
Using the opressive sleeve anchor developed by the researchers,tensile tests of BFRP bars are carried out [12].In test, let it cover the BFRP bars’ in end.Tensile test was done in building materials laboratory of Liaoning Technical University electric-fluid servo compression machines.It is shown in Fig.1.
From the above curve, its tension - deformation after peak intensity, similar to vertical drop.It is different from the steel which exist obviousyield stage.So BFRP bars belong to brittle materials.
[12] Teng J G，Lam L，Chan W，et al．Retrofitting of deficient RC cantilever slabs using GFRP strips [J]．Journal of Composite for Construction，2000，4(2)：75-84
[15] Wu Y F，Huang Y．Hybrid bonding to reinforced concrete structure[J]．Journal of Composite for Construction，2008，12(3)：266-273

One of these materials, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel is proposed to be used as artificial cartilage in joint replacement.
Many kinds of synthetic articular cartilage, such as methyl methacrylate, poly (2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate (polyHEMA) hydrogel, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel and so on, are used to replace the traditional joint materials.
Materials and methods Specimen preparation.
PVA hydrogel is a kind of viscoelastic and porous material.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by the national natural science foundation of China (No. 50535050).

Ariffinc Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia amiloud20@eng.ukm.my, bmuchtar@eng.ukm.my, ckamal@eng.ukm.my Keywords: Finite element methods, linear elastic fracture mechanics, adaptive refinement mesh, crack propagation.
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) combined with the concepts of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) provides a practical and convenient means to study the fracture and crack growth of the solid materials.
Owen: International Journal of Fracture Vol. 4 No.9 (1973), p. 471 [2] B.
Hamouine: International Journal of Material Science Vol. 2 (2007), p. 65 [5] S.
Tracey: International Journal of Fracture Vol. 12 (1976), p. 767

RS after different HFMI processes were extensively characterized by Nitschke-Pagel and co-workers in different welding configurations and materials [5-7].
Topper, High cycle fatigue behavior of impact treated welds under variable amplitude loading conditions, International Journal of Fatigue 81 (2015), 128-142 [20] Information on http://www.empowering-technologies.com/page-43-ultrasonic-impact-treatment-needle-peening.html [21] Fabien Lefebvre, et al., External reference samples for residual stress analysis by X-ray diffraction, Materials Science Forum 681 (2001), 215-222 [22] Y.
Fujiwara, On the diffraction plane dependency of X-ray elastic constants, Journal of the Society of Materials Science Japan 18 (1969), 1066-1071 [23] A.
Bocher, Computational quantification and correction of the errors induced by layer removal for subsurface residual stress measurements, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 64 (2012), 184-195 [30] T.
Frydrysek, Report about the possibilities of FEM applied in the verification of X-Ray measurement of residual stress, MM Science Journal 178/179 (2010), 1-2 [34] E.