Papers by Keyword: Bone Marrow Stromal Cell

Abstract: Bone exhibits hierarchical levels of organization from macroscopic to microscopic to nanoscale. The objective of this work was to develop a bonemimetic composite matrix to provide structural support to the regenerating region and to support the cascade of osteogenic differentiation of progenitor marrow stromal (BMS) cells. Sheets of poly(L-lactide) (L-PLA) nanofibers, fabricated by electrospinning, were coated with a hydrogel/apatite precursor solution, stacked and pressed together, and allowed to crosslink by photopolymerization to form a peptide-reinforced hydrogel/apatite laminated composite. Addition of an osteonectin-derived glutamic acid peptide (Glu6) and lamination resulted in an order of magnitude increase in modulus of the composite to within the range reported for wet human cancellous bone. Lamination significantly increased the extent of mineralization of BMS cells and the laminates reinforced with apatite nanocrystals and conjugated with integrin-binding focal-point adhesion RGD peptide (Lam-RGD-HA) had 3-fold higher calcium content and higher expression of osteogenic markers osteopontin and osteocalcin (compared to laminates without apatite or RGD) after 21 days of incubation in osteogenic media. Laminated osteon-mimetic structures have the potential to provide mechanical strength to the regenerating region as well as supporting the differentiation of progenitor cells to the osteogenic lineage.

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) is a new kind of material which shows good biocompatibility, biological degradability, and porosity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of HA-TCP as a bone tissue engineering scaffold. In this study, critical size cranial defects were reconstructed with compounds of autogenous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and HA-TCP. The resulting grafts were examined by X-ray, histological examination, semi-quantitative analysis of osteogenesis, immunochemical examination (collagen type I and III), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that HA-TCP is a good bone tissue engineering scaffold and BMSCs/HA-TCP is a promising technique for reconstruction of bone defects.

Abstract: The unique characteristics of cell surface molecules on human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) have not been clearly elucidated. The authors characterized 19 cell surface molecules on culture-expanded hBMSCs obtained from 10 human donors, by flow cytometry, calculated the averages and standard deviations of the expression frequencies of individual surface molecules, and evaluated their expression patterns with respect to donor-dependent variations. Surface molecules expressed at frequencies of more than 80% on cells included, CD49e, CD29, CD90, CD73, CD44, CD105, and CD146, those expressed at frequencies of 20-80% included, Stro-1, CD51, CD54, CD31, CD106, CD163, and CD34, whereas CD49d, CD14, CD144, CD11b, and CD45 were expressed at less than 20%. Substantial donor-dependent variations (>10% standard deviation in expression percentage) were observed in the expressions of CD105, Stro-1, CD51, CD54, CD31, CD106, CD163, and CD34. Our results demonstrate that CD49e, CD29, CD90, CD73, and CD44 can be used as a positive marker for hBMSCs, and that CD144, CD11b, and CD45 could be used as a highly selective negative marker. However, the expressions of CD54, CD31, and CD106 observed in the present study, contradicted prior reports and thus, their expressions remain controversial.

Abstract: The relationships between donor age and gender and initial isolation yield and the osteogenic potentials of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) have not been clearly elucidated. The authors investigated whether isolation yields and the osteogenic differentiation potentials of hBMSCs are indeed dependent on donor age or gender. Fresh bone marrow was aspirated from iliac crest of 72 donors (mean age 54.1 years; range, 23-84 years; 39 men and 33 women) undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Numbers of mononuclear cells, numbers of colony forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-Fs) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive CFU-Fs, and numbers of BMSCs after isolation culture were not found to be significantly dependent on donor age or gender. Moreover, no significant age- or gender-related differences were observed in terms of the proliferation activities, ALP activities, and calcium contents of BMSCs during in vitro osteogenic differentiation. The data obtained from 72 human donors revealed no significant age- or genderrelated differences among hBMSCs in terms of isolation yields, proliferation activities, and osteogenic potentials.

Abstract: Mechano-active scaffolds were fabricated from very elastic poly(lactide-co-carprolactone) by a gel-pressing method. The scaffolds were seeded with bone marrow stromal cells and the continuous compressive deformation was applied to cell-polymer constructs in the chondrogenic media. Then, they were implanted in nude mice subcutaneously to evaluate for the effect of dynamic compression for regeneration of cartilage. From the biochemical analyses, chondrogenic differentiation was sustained and enhanced significantly and chondral extracellular matrix was increased through mechanical stimulation. Histological analyses showed that implants stimulated mechanically formed mature and well-developed cartilaginous tissue, as evidenced by bone marrow derived chondrocytes within lacunae. Consequently, the periodic application of dynamic compression can encourage bone marrow stromal cells to differentiation to chondrogenic lineage and to maintain their phenotypes.

Abstract: Bone tissue engineering is a promising way to repair of bone defects. To choose a proper scaffold is still a disputable problem in bone tissue engineering. This study aimed to compare the effects of repairing critical calvarial defects with the compounds of autogenous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and coral hydroxyapatite(CHA), hydroxyapatite/ tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP), poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and alginate (AG). The results showed that CHA and AG were satisfactory bone tissues engineering scaffolds among the four kinds of materials. BMSCs/CHA and BMSCs/AG are promising techniques for reconstruction of bone defects.

Abstract: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and alginate(AG) are the most promising scaffolds in the bone tissue engineering for their stable mechanical characters and three-dimensional porous structure. This study aimed to assay the in vivo osteogenesis potentials by loading the autogenous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on PLGA or AG. The results suggested that PLGA and AG are both ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold. BMSCs/AG has stronger osteogenesis potentials in vivo than BMSCs/PLGA.

Abstract: The cartilage tissue engineering is an inspiring and profitable way for the reconstruction of cartilage defects, but it has been hampered by two large obstacles: how to get qualified seed cells and credible scaffold. This study aimed to evaluate the chondrogenic potential of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) by loading them on alginate gel. In this study, the compounds of SD rat BMSCs and alginate gel were injected on the dorsum of rats subcutaneously. The implantations were harvested and examined by histological and immunohistochemical examination, in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy at different time points after the operations. The results showed that the compounds of BMSCs and alginate gel are promising for cartilage tissue engineering applications.

Abstract: We observed the cytotoxicity of human bone marrow stromal cells(hBMSCs) by microparticles of bioactive glass with four particle groups(same chemical composition-45S5 but produced by two different manufacturer and two different size groups). In vivo test using rat calvaria were also carried out. The apoptosis rates of all small particle groups(10-20 ㎛) were increased than large(500-700 ㎛ or 200-900 ㎛) particle groups in any culture time and any amount of particles with statistical significance. In vivo study we observed pathologic signs such as macrophages and foreign-body giant cells in rat calvaria by micro-particles of bioglass. Small(10- 20 ㎛) sized particles induced foreign body reaction and bone resorption. There was proliferation of macrophages and cells in large number. But in large particle groups, only fibroblasts were surrounding the particles. The micro-particles of bioglass induced apoptosis of hBMSC and foreign body reaction in calvaria of rat, therefore micro-particles of bioglass may cause osteolysis if used in replacement arthroplasty.

Abstract: This study was to determine the ectopic osteogenic ability of BMSCs in combination with a scaffolding material comprising hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate matrix (HA/β-TCP). BMSCs were obtained from the SD rats and induced to osteogenesis. Then these induced cells were seeded into HA/β-TCP and the constructs were auto-implanted subcutaneously for up to 12 weeks. Histological analysis, immunostaing, RT-PCR and transmission electron microscopy of the retrieved specimens at various intervals showed obvious trends of ectopic bone formation with obvious alteration of cellular phenotype.