Composite Compacts of Fe/Fe₃O₄ Type Obtained by Mechanical Milling-Sintering-Annealing Route

Abstract:

Fe/Fe₂O₃ composite powders were obtained by mechanical milling of iron and hematite up to 120 minutes in a high energy planetary ball mill. The particles size decreases by mechanical milling upon the formation of the Fe/Fe₂O₃ composite particles. After 120 minutes of milling the median particles size is at 7.2 μm. The Fe/Fe₃O₄ type composite were obtained by reactive sintering in argon atmosphere at 1100 °C of the Fe/Fe₂O₃ composite powders milled for 60 and 120 minutes. After sintering a FeO-wüstite residual phase is formed and this phase is eliminated by applying a subsequent annealing at a temperature of 550 °C. The sintered compact before and after annealing is composed by a quasi-continuous iron matrix in which are embedded iron oxides clusters (Fe₃O₄ and FeO before annealing and Fe₃O₄ after annealing). The iron oxide clusters are analogous with the Widmanstatten structure observed in steels before and after annealing. The materials have been investigated using laser particle size analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction.

• Periodical: Advanced Engineering Forum (Volume 13)
• Pages: 3-8
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.13.3
• Online since: June 2015
• Authors: Traian Florin Marinca*, Bogdan Viorel Neamţu, Ionel Chicinaş, Florin Popa, Petru Pascuta
• Keywords: Iron/Iron Oxide Compacts, Magnetite, Mechanical Milling, Reactive Sintering

References

[1] K. Hirota, M. Obatal, M. Kato, H. Taguchi, Fabrication of full-density Mg-ferrite/Fe–Ni permalloy nanocomposites with a high-saturation magnetization density of 1 T, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 8 (2011) 1-13.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2011.02709.x

[2] J. Moulin, Y. Champion, L.K. Varga, J.M. Grenèche,F. Mazaleyrat, Magnetic properties of nanocomposites containing Fe–Ni or Fe dispersed in a Mn–Zn ferrite matrix, IEEE Trans Mag. 38 (2002) 3015-3017.

DOI: 10.1109/tmag.2002.802120

[3] K. Gheisari, S. Javadpour, H. Shokrollahi, B. Hashemi, Magnetic losses of the soft magnetic composites consisting of iron and Ni–Zn ferrite, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320 (2008) 1544-1548.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.01.005

[4] T.F. Marinca, B.V. Neamţu, F. Popa, V.F. Tarţa, P. Pascuta, A.F. Takacs, I. Chicinaş, Synthesis and characterization of the NiFe2O4/Ni3Fe nanocomposite powder and compacts obtained by mechanical milling and spark plasma sintering, Applied Surface Science, 285P (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.07.145

[5] V.F. Tarţa, T.F. Marinca, I. Chicinaş, F. Popa, B.V. Neamţu, P. Pascuta, A.F. Takacs, Study on stability of phases in ball milled ZnFe2O4/Fe composite during spark plasma sintering, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 28 (2013) 933-938.

DOI: 10.1080/10426914.2013.792426

[6] B.D. Cullity, C.D. Graham, Introduction to Magnetic Materials, 2nd ed., IEEE Press & Wiley, New Jersey, (2009).

[7] A. Goldman, Modern Ferrite Technology, 2nd ed., Pittsburgh, Springer, (2006).

[8] J. Ding, W.F. Miao, R. Street and P.G. McCormick, Fe3O4/Fe Magnetic composite synthesized by mechanical alloying, Scr. Mater., 35 (1996) 1307-1310.

DOI: 10.1016/1359-6462(96)00306-5

[9] L. Zhao, H. Yang, S. Li, L. Yu, Y. Cui, X. Zhao, S. Feng. The effect of aging time and calcination temperature on the magnetic properties of α-Fe/Fe3O4 composite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 301 (2006) 287-291.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.07.029

[10] T.F. Marinca, B.V. Neamţu, I. Chicinaş, O. Isnard, Synthesis of Fe3O4/Fe nanocomposite powder from Fe2O3 and Fe powder by mechanosynthesis. Structural, thermal and magnetic characterisation, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 608 (2014) 54-59.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.04.123

[11] T.F. Marinca, B.V. Neamţu, I. Chicinaş, O. Isnard, Structural and magnetic characteristics of composite compacts of Fe/Fe3O4 type obtained by sintering, IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, 50(4) (2014) 2800604.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.249

[12] C. Suryanarayana, Mechanical alloying and milling. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, (2004).

[13] H.A. Wriedt, Fe-O (Iron-oxygen) phase diagram, Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, Second Edition, Ed. T. B. Massalski, 1990, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA.