Ecological and Hygienic Estimation Precipitation of the Municipal Wastewater Application at the Formation of Secondary Ecosystems in the Mining and Iron Ore Processing Areas

Abstract:

On the basis of Krivoy Rog iron mining ore deposit companies (Ukraine) the complex field studies focused on the fast development of secondary landscapes in the surface of dumps after iron mining were carried out. In order to create the top layer of waste purification from household sewage was carried out sewage clearing facility silt. It is well known that breed dumps are dangerous for the environment, particularly for the surface and ground water. Overnormal concentrations of salt had been found in water samples, taken from the river Inhulets in a zone of influence breed (2.1 MPL), sulfates and carbonates (2.7 MPL), iron (2.1 MPL), chloride (1.7 MPL), magnesium (3.1 MPL). In the wells from nearest villages water is not suitable for drinking purposes and contains total sum of salts – 4.97 MPL, sulfates and carbonates – 5.16 MPL, cadmium – 3.7 MPL, lead – 1.53 MPL. Thus, the toxic heavy metals concentrations (Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Fe) in the fish and amphibians, as well as herbaceous plants in these areas did not exceed the permissible levels.Use of clearing facilities sludge aged from 1.5 years and more in the amount 15 kg/m² did not lead to increased concentration of heavy metals in the top layer of dumps. Total pollution of the soil within six months after application of sludge correspond to the "permissible" level (Z_c = 1.61).To assess the suitability of the silt dumps, we proposed list of indicators, which correspond to the chemical and epidemiological safety and classify as "suitable", "conditionally suitable" and "not suitable". We found that optimal conditions for formation of a new soil dumps with ratio of such indicators as "nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium" should be corresponded to the working dose 300 kg/ha by nitrogen amount. This is the maximum amount of mature silt 66.7-70 ton/ha.

• Periodical: Advanced Engineering Forum (Volume 20)
• Pages: 61-67
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.20.61
• Online since: January 2017
• Authors: Liubov Hryhorenko*
• Keywords: Contaminants, Heavy Metals, Indicators of Chemical Safety, Indicators of Epidemiological Safety, Mining Area, Pollution, Recovery of Land, Sludges, Wastewater Treatment

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