Development of a System Dynamic Model for Sawmill Safety System

Abstract:

Sawmill activities are characterized with different degrees of injuries and accidents due to indecorous handling of sawmill machineries, lack of necessary accident prevention facilities, skill, poor safety culture and practices. However, to guarantee safety in this kind of environment, it is highly imperative that the industry adopt and implement a range of effective occupational health and safety management measures in an efficient way that will lead to more favorable and safe environment for all stakeholders. The safety of stakeholders and facilities however necessitated this work. Two major sawmills were considered in two main towns or cities in each of the six southwestern states of Nigeria, namely: Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States, which formed part of the major wood producing rain forest areas in Nigeria. Some of the accidents causing activities identified were: human, deficiency in maintenance, environmental and Lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among others. Sawmill safety activities were classified as training, (PPE), safety awareness creation, accident investigation, motivation/incentives, machine/tools procurement and security/safety enforcement. Sixteen safety strategies were developed using combinatorial method with training, PPE and motivation/incentives as compulsory activities. System dynamics software (Vensim 7.2) was then used to delineate the causal and flow diagrams. A system dynamic model was developed as valuable leading tool for effective safety planning and management in sawmill industry.

• Periodical: Advanced Engineering Forum (Volume 32)
• Pages: 63-74
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.32.63
• Online since: April 2019
• Authors: Abiola Olufemi Ajayeoba*, Wasiu Adewale Raheem, Kazeem Adekunle Adebiyi
• Keywords: Safety Activities, Safety Strategies, Sawmill Safety, System Dynamics

References

[1] M. M. Kunc, System Dynamics: A Behavioural Modeling Method. Operational Research and Management Science Group, Warwick Business School, Proceedings of the 2016 Winter Simulation Conference, United Kingdom, (2016) 24 – 28.

[2] E. F. Wolstenholme, System Enquiry: A System Dynamics Approach. Wiley, Chichester, United Kingdom, (1990).

[3] J. B. Atwater, P. H. Pittman, Facilitating Systemic Thinking in Business Classes. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 2 (4) (2006) 273 – 292.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-4609.2006.00117.x

[4] B. L. B. Sweeney, J. D. Sterman, Bathtub Dynamics: Initial Results of a System Thinking Inventory, System Dynamics Review, 4 (16) (2000) 249 –286.

DOI: 10.1002/sdr.198

[5] S. B. Atkinson, M. S. Gary, Mergers and Acquisitions: Modelling Decision Making in Integration Projects. In Behavioral Operations Research: Theory, Methodology and Practice. Palgrave MacMillan, London, 2016, pp.319-336.

DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-53551-1_16

[6] J. W. Forrester, Industrial Dynamics. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge, MA, (1961).

[7] S. C. Brailsford, L. A. Churilov, B. F. Dangerfield, (Eds.). Discrete Event Simulation and System Dynamics for Management Decision Making. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons Limited, 2014, p.252 – 257.

DOI: 10.1002/9781118762745

[8] K. M. Saeed, System Dynamics as a Technology of Learning for New Liberal Education. Being a Masters' Thesis Submitted to the Social Science and Policy Studies Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 1995, p.33 – 38.

[9] S. A. Adu, G. M. Adu, B. T. Effah, F. M. Kwasi, C. A. Boasiako, Safety Measures in Wood Processing: An Important Component for the Entrepreneur. The Case of a Local Furniture Industry in Ghana. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4 (5) (2015) p.2677 – 2681.

DOI: 10.15680/ijirset.2015.0405004

[10] B. O. Alli, Fundamental Principles of Occupational Health and Safety. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, (2008).

[11] International Labour Organization, Training Package on Workplace Risk Assessment and Management for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Geneva Switzerland: International Labour Office, 2013, www.ifrro.org.

[12] A. O. Lucas, H. M. Gilles, Textbook of Public Health Medicine for Tropics. London: Arnold Publishers, 2003, p.113 – 118.

[13] S. N. Omobude-Idiado, E. L. Irimonre, O. M. Asikhia, Occupational Health Hazards in Sawmill Industries in Benin City. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 9 (2) (2013) 399 – 409.

[14] C. F. Akinnubi, Influence of Sawmill Industries on the Health of Sawmill Workers and Inhabitant of the Environment in Ondo State Nigeria. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 5 (2) (2015) 299 – 302.

DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n2p299

[15] O. A. Lasode , A. O. Balogun, A. S. Aremu, Generation, Management Challenges and Prospects of Wood Waste in Ilorin, Nigeria. Proceeding of International Symposium on Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Management, Tunis (EPCOWM 2002), 2009 pp.271-278.

[16] S. B. Amunega, Occupational Hazards in Odo-Okun Sawmill in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State: Causes and Prevention. Nigerian School Health Journal, 14 (1) (2002) 25 – 33.

[17] A. J. Ugheoke, M. I. Ebomoyi, V. I. Iyawe, Influence of Smoking on Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function Indices in Sawmill Workers in Benin City, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 21 (2) (2006) 49 – 54.

DOI: 10.4314/njps.v21i1-2.53957

[18] M. T. Odubela, I. I. Omoniyi, Compliance Monitoring in Nigeria's Industries. Fourth International Conference on Environmental Enforcement, Federal Environmental Protection Agency, Nigeria, 2001 p.23 – 27.

[19] O. P. Olabiyi, O. O. Habeeb, Socioeconomic Impacts of Sawmill Industry on Residents. A Case Study of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Development Studies, 2 (3) (2014) 167 – 176.

DOI: 10.15640/jeds.v2n3a12

[20] I. A. Ajibefun, A. G. Daramola, Determination of Technical and Allocative Efficiency of Micro-enterprises: Firm-level Evidence from Nigeria. African Development Review, 15 (2004) 353 – 359.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8268.2003.00077.x

[21] L. A. Okigbo, A Report on Sawmill Industry in Nigeria, Published By the Federal Department of Forest Resources, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1964, p.45 – 50.

[22] International Standard Classification of Industry: Revision (3), 2007, p.25 – 29.

[23] F. A. Faremi, A. A. Ogunfowokan, C. M. Mbada, M. I. Olatubi, A. V. Ogungbemi, Occupational Hazard Awareness and Safety Practices Among Nigerian Sawmill Workers. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 3 (1) (2014) 1244 – 1249.

DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2014.260620142

[24] World Health Organisation., Environment, Health and Sustainable Development. Geneva, Switzerland, (1997).

[25] I. A. Njinaka, O. M. Uhumwangho, O. T. Edema, O. A. Dawodu, A. E Amoti, A Comparison Study of Conjuctiva Disorders in Technical and Administrative Sawmill Workers in Nigeria. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences; 18 (2011) 43 - 48.

DOI: 10.4314/abs.v10i1.69193

[26] M. A. Omotosho, J. F. Bamidele, A. Y. Salaudeen, H. A. Saromi, A. E Omi, Occupational Hazard Awareness and Safety Practices Among Cement Factory Workers at Obajana, Kogi state, Nigeria. Elixir Biological Diversity; 47 (2012) 9013 - 9018.

[27] R. B. Ayodele, M. A. Olubayo-Fatiregun, Workability of Safety Education and Training for Workers' Strategy in Accident Reduction in Selected Manufacturing Industries in Lagos State. World Journal of Education, 3 (4) (2013) 105 – 110.

DOI: 10.5430/wje.v3n4p105

[28] K. A. Adebiyi, O. E. Charlas-Owaba, Towards Setting a Sustainable Manufacturing Safety Programm, Disaster Prevention and Management, 18, (4) (2009) 388 – 396.

DOI: 10.1108/09653560910984447

[29] P. S. Iyer, J. M. Haight, E. D Castillo, B. W. Tink , P. W. Hawkins, A research model forecasting incident rates from optimized safety programme intervention strategies. Journal of Safety Research. 36 (2005) 341 – 351.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.06.011

[30] A. J. Akinyeye, E. O. Solanke, A. M. Oyadongha, Evaluation of Occupational Risk among Sawmill Workers in Okada and Environs, Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment, 2 (2) (2013) 1 – 7.

[31] A. Deshpande, A. Afshan, Effect of Chronic Exposure of Sawdust in Workers Employed in Sawmills: A Cross – Sectional Study, Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2 (4A) 1202 – 1205.

[32] V. B. Schlussen, I. A. Schaumburg, N. T. Andersen, T. M. Sigsgaard, O.F. Pedersen, Nasal Patency is related to Dust Exposure in Wood Workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(1) (2002) 23 – 29.

DOI: 10.1136/oem.59.1.23

[33] S. M. Ross, Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists. Third edition. Elsevier Academic Press, (2004).

[34] K. A. Adebiyi, A. O. Ajayeoba, Determination of Effective Manufacturing Safety Strategy using Artificial Neural Network, International Journal of Science and Technology. 2 (7) (2012) 447-454.

[35] O. E. Charles – Owaba, K. A. Adebiyi, The Development Safety Programmed Simulator. Journal of Modelling in Management. 1 (3) (2006) 270 – 290.

DOI: 10.1108/17465660610715249

[36] B. Williams, B Harris B, System Dynamics Methodology. A document prepared as part of a workshop organized by Glenda Eoyang, Bob Williams, Bill Harris for staff of the WK Kellogg Foundation, (2005).

[37] W. Marquis – Favre, E. Bideaux, S. Scavarda, A planar Mechanical Library in the AMES Simulation Software. Part I: Formulation of Dynamics Equations Simulation Practice and Theory.14, (2006) 25 – 46.

DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2005.02.006

[38] H. R. Hale, F. W. Guldenmund, P. L. C. H. Van Loenhout, J. I. H. Oh, Evaluating Safety Management and Culture Interventions to Improve Safety: Effective Intervention Strategies. Safety Science. 48 (2010) 1026 – 1035.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2009.05.006

[39] K. A. Adebiyi, A Combinatorial Approach to Planning Manufacturing Safety Programme World Academic of Science, Engineering and Technology. 74 (2013) 285 – 290.

[40] A. O. Ajayeoba, W. A. Raheem, K. A. Adebiyi, O. O. Ilori, O. O. Ojo Modelling Safety beyond Accident Prevention in Construction Industry, Adeleke University Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2(1) (2019) 36 – 47.

[41] K.A. Adebiyi, A. O. Ajayeoba, Integrated Modeling of Manufacturing Safety Interventions Planning and Management. International Conference on Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering (ICAAME)" March 14 – 15, 2015 Dubai, UAE. 61 – 65.

DOI: 10.15242/iae.iae0315210

[42] K. A. Adebiyi, A. O. Ajayeoba, A. L. Akintan, Economic Implication of Safety – Policy on Manufacturing Safety Programme Performance International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa. 36 (2018) 137 – 146.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.36.137