Advanced Engineering Forum Vol. 42

Abstract: To be properly used in the textile industry, the natural materials are subject to different pretreatments. During the scouring, the non-cellulosic attendants (wax, pectin, pigments) are removed. The enzymes have proved their efficiency in this regard but also in terms of being friendly with the environment. The textile industry is a water large consumer, comprising many wet processes: bioscouring, bleaching, mercerizing, and dyeing. The water quantity needed for each step is very high. The resulted wastewater comprises different types of chemicals, most of them non-biodegradable: acids, sodium hydroxide, hypochlorites, peroxides, etc. The actual trends and legislation require the change of classical methods used with ecological ones. One particular reason for this tendency is also related to the economic issue, the use of eco-friendly treatments leading to significant economical savings. The present study was focused on enzymatic treatments with the use of two chelating agents (sodium citrate and EDTA) to remove the flax/cotton fabric impurities. The new proposed scouring treatment, with sodium citrate as a chelating agent, presents less aggressivity to the environment compared with the classical one. The temperature used was lower (55 °C), the pH close to the neutral point, and biodegradable chemicals were used. The chosen technology included a series of independent steps which they assumed: washing of flax/cotton fabric at 100 °C for dust and physically linked impurities removing, dried at room temperature, and conditioning at 105 °C in the oven for 2h. Afterward, the samples were immersed in the reaction bath which contained a mixture of pectinolytic products, the chelating agents (sodium citrate or EDTA), and the surfactant. The hydrolytic reaction was optimised following the influence of a pair of parameters: enzyme concentration/exposure time. Water samples from each reaction bath were collected and different physicochemical parameters were analysed: pH, salinity, TDS, conductivity, DO, CCOMn, turbidity and dry residue. The results obtained were following the legislation. In the case of the classical treatment, the data was up to 100 % higher compared with the new proposed treatment were complexing agent sodium citrate was used. Analysing from different points of view the results obtained, we can say that the considered treatment could be a promising alternative to the current one. It might contribute to less wastewater pollution and technological economical improvement.

Abstract: In nature, it acts, simultaneously or successively, synergistically or antagonistically, on small or larger spaces, for a long or very short time, numerous natural or artificial processes that pollute, leading to the alteration of the quality of the environment. The basic activity carried out within the oil scaffolding consists in the extraction of crude oil and gases from the deposits in their exploitation, their collection, separation of phases (crude oil, reservoir water, gas), crude oil treatment, storage and sending to users. Contamination of the field related to drilling-extraction wells with crude oil, heavy petroleum products, salt water, various chemicals, etc. has a random character, but with undesirable implications on soil, surface water and / or groundwater, depending on the nature of the pollutant, its quantity and area of spread Pollution sources in the oil industry, both systematic and accidental, have a greater or lesser spread, depending on the size of the field, the type and composition of the extracted fluids, the extraction technology used, the age of oil exploitation in the area, relief and hydrographic network. Having available the data provided by the pollution diagnosis, it is possible to assess the risk that the investigated pollution represents for the people on the site and for the natural environment. If it turns out that the risk is significant, then the decision is made to switch to depollution works. The choice of an appropriate depollution path is made on the basis of relevant technical and economic criteria, which is a feasibility study. The proposed depollution technology must be the most appropriate for the case at hand and, at the same time, be available on the technology market. The most important part of the paper is dedicated to presenting the results of an experimental study on the depollution of soils contaminated with liquid petroleum products by sparging technologies, in order to ensure a sustainable remedy. The results of the soil analysis used in the experimental determination are presented, as well as the physic - chemical characteristics of the main soil pollutants. In the experimental part, laboratory decontamination of systems consisting of polluted soils was performed at the laboratory level, using air as a depollution agent. The processing of the data obtained from the experimental determinations allowed obtaining qualitative and quantitative information related to the decontamination speed depending on the nature of the soil, the nature and concentration of the pollutant and the temperature of the decontamination air. Estimating the cost places this technology at a low level compared to thermal technologies and slightly higher than microbiological technologies.

Abstract: The paper presents an analysis of the flow of flue gases and dust in the area of the clinker kiln and in the area of the flour mill, as well as emission data for the last three consecutive years at the flour mill stack - clinker kiln, from some cement factories in Romania. In general, both emissions of dust (total powders) and pollutant gases (SO_x, NO_x, CO, dioxins and furans, VOC, heavy metals, etc.) were within the permissible limits set out in the Integrated Environmental Permit of the individual plants.

Abstract: Today, sustainability is identified more than just an environmental issue, being part of the enterprise strategies for a connected and efficient structure. More and more enterprises become aware of the challenges of sustainability in society. The purpose of this paper is to determine and discuss the role of projects for the sustainable development of enterprises by researching the existing literature. This paper focuses on what means sustainable development within the enterprises, the main characteristics and examples of innovative projects leading towards sustainable development inside/outside the enterprise.

Abstract: In this paper we present the current situation related to the legislative framework on the definition of generated waste by ships in the field of maritime navigation and inland waterway navigation, their management on board ships, handover to port facilities and results in the development of proposals to support participants in the shipping activity in the field of pollution prevention of the Romanian Danube sector. The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the improvement of the current measures that are applied in the field of prevention of pollution of the Romanian Danube sector by ships.

Abstract: The social responsibility of companies has an increasingly important role in their relationship with the environment, regardless of the object of activity. Green procurement plays an important role in achieving these objectives. Department of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems Drobeta Turnu - Severin organizes or participates periodically in meetings with employers or collaborators, in order to identify new educational requirements regarding the competencies and abilities of graduates. It was thus found that qualified personnel are needed in making green procurement. In order to meet this requirement, our department aims to form specialists in the field of green procurement. The introduction of the new syllabus in the master's degree programs requires the completion of research steps to strengthen the curriculum by diversifying professional and transversal skills, in accordance with the generic skills of the study program.

Abstract: At its core, the concept of sustainable development refers to reconciling “development” and “environment” (McGranahan and Satterthwaite, 2003). Development, ie meeting people's needs, requires the use of resources and involves the generation of waste. The environment has finite resources, which impose limits on the ability of ecosystems to absorb or decompose waste or make it harmless on a local, regional and global scale. Basically, urban sustainability has been defined in various ways, with different criteria and emphasis, but its goal should be to promote and enable the long-term well-being of people and the planet, through the efficient use of natural resources and waste production in a region. of the city, simultaneously improving the capacity for life, through social facilities, economic opportunities and health, so that it can better fit into the capacities of local, regional and global ecosystems. In our study we critically observe strategies to analyze the buildings quality requirements and the links between environment, investments and buildings time frame. Methods dedicated to establishing procedures to evaluate the buildings evolution through time represent key features to maintaining good relations between elements and the environment.

Abstract: There is a crucial need to achieve a more sustainable management of the world's water resources due to serious water scarcity and water pollution. A whole series of problems are related to these needs, but the problem of water resources is one of the most prominent. This paper aims to point out certain solutions to address these issues, such as providing a framework for the concept of integrated management of water resources in Mehedinţi County. Water quality protection should be a permanent concern; therefore, every member of society must bring out his own conscious and responsible contribution. To this end, by all means of information or education, it is necessary to debate the social, economic and ecological importance of problems and actions in order to prevent and combat pollution of water resources.

Abstract: The paper presents a way of selecting flat or carbonated mineral waters depending on the purpose for which it wishes to be used. A good mineral water must meet certain physical and chemical qualities at certain temperatures and have the appropriate pH to have the desired therapeutic effect. The analysis of the purpose for which the selection of mineral waters is desired results in the characteristics of the water to be analyzed, compared, and for which a weight of their influence in the decision-making is established. For selected waters, the characteristics receive scores that will in turn influence the selection of the recommended type of mineral water. The conclusions of the paper allow the establishment of a certain type of mineral water for the characteristics imposed by the desired purpose.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to make an assessment of the quality of the environment in urban areas based on multi-criteria analysis methods. Three important aspects of the quality of the environment in urban areas are considered in this paper, and an integrated AHP-SAW method is used to assess the quality of the environment. An indicator associated with the quality of the urban environment is proposed. This indicator is used to make a hierarcy of the environmental quality of an urban area over two periods of time. For the case study a city from the south - west region of Romania is chosen.