Crash Hazard Comparison between Rural and Urban Road Segments Based on GIS and Logistic Regression Technology

Abstract:

Traffic safety in rural and urban areas is a serious public issue worldwide. In this paper, the weighted hazard index (WHI) was adopted to describe risk distributions in rural and urban areas. At the beginning, the WHI analysis results were shown in the GIS-based maps and the visual display of the hazardous segments was illustrated by ArcGIS software, which would help policymakers to assume more targeted improvement measures. Then logistic regression is introduced to assess the difference of incidence of total crashes and incidence of the fatal/injure crashes between urban and rural areas. Based on the estimation results of logistic regression analysis, the ADT (average daily traffic) and length of segments have more evident impact on the two risk factors, namely the incidence of total crashes and incidence of fatal/injure crashes. Furthermore, the differences between rural and urban areas are obvious in total crashes and fatal/injure crashes and more specifically they are all lower in rural areas with other attributes being fixed.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 178-181)
• Pages: 1635-1640
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.178-181.1635
• Online since: May 2012
• Authors: Bin Wang, Xue Dong Yan, Mei Wu An, Cui Ping Zhang, Lu Ma
• Keywords: GIS, Logistic Regression, Rural and Urban, Safety Analysis

References

[1] Eberhardt, M.S., Ingram, D.D., Makuc, D.M., et al., 2001. Urban and Rural Health Chartbook. Health, United States, 2001. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland.

[2] Michael E. Rakauskas, Nicholas J.Ward, Susan G. Gerberich. Identification of differences between rural and urban safety cultures. Accident Analysis and Prevention 41 (2009) 931–937.

DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.05.008

[3] Ming–Der Li, Ji–Liang Doong, Kai–Kuo Chang, Tsung–Hsueh Lu, Ming–Chang Jeng. Differences in urban and rural accident characteristics and medical service utilization for traffic fatalities in less-motorized societies. Journal of Safety Research 39 (2008) 623–630.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.10.008

[4] Fletcher, D., Geographic information systems for transportation: Alook forward. Transportation in the New Millenium: State of the Artand Future Directions, DC: Transportation Research Board, CDROM, Washington, 2000.

[5] Xiang Qiaojun, Pan Fuquan, Lu Jian, Zhang Guoqiang, and William C. Eidson, P.E., PTOE. GIS-based traffic safety management for highway intersections. Transportation and Development Innovative Best Practices 2008:198–203.

DOI: 10.1061/40961(319)33

[6] WangJiChuan, guo. Logistic model-methods and application [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2001. In Chinese.

[7] HeXiaoQun, LiuWenQing. Correlation Regression Analysis [M]. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2001. In Chinese.

[8] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic safety facts 2001: rural/urban comparison. Washington, DC: National Center for Statistics and Analysis, US Department of Transportation, December 2002 (20590).

[9] C Zwerling, C Peek-Asa, P S Whitten, S-W Choi, N L Sprince, M P Jones. Fatal motor vehicle crashes in rural and urban areas: decomposing rates into contributing factors. Injury Prevention 2005; 11:24–28.

DOI: 10.1136/ip.2004.005959