Quantitative Analysis of Ecological Effects Caused by Master Planning in Hilly Area: A Case Study of Kunming Expo Eco-Town, China

Article Preview

Abstract:

The environmental conflict throughout land development varies for every landform. In hilly areas, the ecological effects, such as the properties of the land surface and the diversity of flora and fauna cannot be reflected through assessment indexes, which include the building density, green areas ratio, etc. This paper is to provide the impervious index and the corridor index as a complement to the master planners. The indexes is an approach that integrates ecological landscape principles and methods for analyzing the eco-rationality of the master planning using ecological indexes which provides a measure for adjusting development density. An application of the indexes to the residential development of Kunming Expo Eco-town in Yunnan Province, China is provided. The result shows that the indexes can be used to quantify the interrelationship between the development project and the environment and that the required regulatory measures for land development can be implemented via master plans.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Info:

Periodical:

Pages:

808-819

Citation:

Online since:

May 2012

Export:

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Permissions PLS:

Сopyright:

© 2012 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

[1] II B.L. Turner, W.C. Clark, R.W. Kates, J. F. Richards, J.T. Mathews and W. B. Meyer: The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years (Cambridge University Press, Clark University 1990).

DOI: 10.1086/418382

Google Scholar

[2] D.Z. Suia and H. Zeng: Modeling the dynamics of landscape structure in Asia's emerging desakota regions: a case study in Shenzhen. Landscape and Urban Planning. Vol.53 (2001), p.37

DOI: 10.1016/s0169-2046(00)00136-5

Google Scholar

[3] N.W. Kuo, and Y.T. Chiu: The assessment of agritourism policy based on SEA combination with HIA. Land Use Policy. Vol. 23 (2006), p.560

DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2005.08.001

Google Scholar

[4] M.L. Liou and Y.H. Yu: Development and implementation of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Taiwan. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol.24 (2004), p.337

DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2003.10.018

Google Scholar

[5] L.N. Kay and P.O. Jeffrey: Strategic environmental assessment in Hong Kong. Environment International. Vol. 31 (2005), p.483

Google Scholar

[6] N. P. Say and M. Yücel: Strategic environmental assessment and national development plans in Turkey: Towards legal framework and operational procedure. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol. 26-3(2006), p.301

DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2005.08.002

Google Scholar

[7] F. Retief: A performance evaluation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) processes within the South African context. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol.27-1 (2007), p.84

DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2006.08.002

Google Scholar

[8] H.M. Alshuwaikhat: Strategic environmental assessment can help solve environmental impact assessment failures in developing countries. Environmental Impact Assessment. Vol.25-4 (2005), p.307

DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2004.09.003

Google Scholar

[9] C.k. Bao, Y.S. Lu and J.C. Shang: Framework and operational procedure for implementing Strategic Environmental Assessment in China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol. 24-1 (2004), p.2

DOI: 10.1016/s0195-9255(03)00137-9

Google Scholar

[10] R.J. Reimold: Watershed Management: practice, policies, and coordination (McGraw-Hill, New York 1998).

Google Scholar

[11] D.R. Bingham: Watershed management in U.S. Urban Areas, in: R.J. Reimold(Ed.): Watershed Management: practice, policies, and coordination (McGraw-Hill, New York 1998).

Google Scholar

[12] T. E. Lovejoy, J.M. Rankin, R. O. Bierregaard, K. S. Jr. Brown, L.H. Jr. Emmons and Voor M. Van der: Ecosystem decay of Amazon forest remnants, in M. H. Niteki (Ed), Extinction (University of Chicago Press, Chicago1984).

Google Scholar

[13] D.R. Harri: The Fragmented Forest: Island Biogeography Theory and the Preservation of Biotic Diversity (University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1984).

DOI: 10.1017/s0030605300025722

Google Scholar

[14] L. Fahrig and G. Merriam: Habitat patch connectivity and population survival. Ecology. Vol. 66(1985), pp.1762-8

DOI: 10.2307/2937372

Google Scholar

[15] M. Kozova, K. Smitalova and A.Vizyova: Use of measures of network connectivity in the evalustion of ecological landscape stability. Ekologia(Czchoslovakia). Vol.5(1986), p.202

Google Scholar

[16] D.A. Saunders, G.W. Arnold, A.A. Burbidge and A.J.M. Hopkins: Nature Conservation: The Role of Remnants of Native Vegetation (Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton, Australia 1987).

Google Scholar

[17] M.G. Turner: Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance (Spring-Verlag, New York 1987a).

Google Scholar

[18] M. J. Samways: Inset conservation and landscape ecology: a case-history of bush crickets (Tettigoniidae) in southern France. Environmental Conservation. Vol.16 (1989), p.26.

DOI: 10.1017/s0376892900009292

Google Scholar

[19] A.J. Hansen and F. di Castri: Landscape Boundaries: Consequences for Biotic Diversity and Ecological Flow (Spring Verlag, New York 1992).

Google Scholar

[20] R. Forman: Land mosaics: the ecology of landscapes and regions (Cambridge University Press, London 1995).

Google Scholar

[21] T. O. Randhir: Watershed management (IWA Publishing, 2006).

Google Scholar

[22] M.G. Turner: A spatial simulation model of land use in a piedmont county Georgia. Applied Mathematics and Computation. Vol. 27(1988), p.39

DOI: 10.1016/0096-3003(88)90097-5

Google Scholar

[23] D.N. Xiao: Landscape ecology: theory and application (China Forest Press, Beijing 1991).

Google Scholar

[24] Y. Zhao: The changing of landscape pattern and the environment influence in Dongling of Shenyang. Urban and Plan (Taiwan). Vol. 20-1(1993), p.75

Google Scholar

[25] LEED: leadership in energy & environmental design, 2001. A leading-edge system for designing, construction, operating and certifying the world's greenest building. U.S. Green Building Council.

Google Scholar

[26] R. T. T. Forman: The pine barrens of new jersey: an ecological mosaic, in: R. T. T. Forman (Ed): Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape (Academic Press, New York 1979a).

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-263450-5.50042-9

Google Scholar

[27] A. Froment and B. Wildmann: Landscape Ecology and Rural Restructuring in Belgium. Landscape and Urban Planning. Vol. 14 (1987), p.26

DOI: 10.1016/0169-2046(87)90053-3

Google Scholar

[28] K.F. Schreiber: Connectivity in Landscape Ecology ( Munstersche Geographische Arbeiten 29, Ferdinand Schoningh, Paderborn, Germany 1988).

Google Scholar

[29] B. Harms and P. Opdam: Woods as habitat patches for birds: application in landscape planning in the Netherlands, in: I. S. Zonneveld and R.T.T. Forman (Eds): Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective (Spring-Verlag, New York 1990).

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3304-6_6

Google Scholar

[30] M. Ruzicka and L. Miklos: Basic premises and methids in landscape ecological planning and optimization, in: I. S. Zonneveld and R. T. T. Forman (Eds): Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective (Spring-Verlag, New York 1990).

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3304-6_13

Google Scholar

[31] W. Haber: Using landscape ecology in planning and management, in I. S. Zonneveld and R. T. T. Forman (Eds): Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective (Spring-Verlag, New York 1990).

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3304-6_12

Google Scholar

[32] J. Ahern: Planning for an extensive open space system: linking landscape structure and function. Landscape and Urban Planning. Vol. 21(1991), p.131

DOI: 10.1016/0169-2046(91)90037-m

Google Scholar

[33] G. W. Barrett, and J. D. Peles: Optimizing habitat fragmentation: an agrolandscape perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning. Vol. 28(1994), p.99

DOI: 10.1016/0169-2046(94)90047-7

Google Scholar

[34] G.R. Hess and R.A. Fischer: Communicating clearly about conservation corridors. Landscape and Urban Planning. Vol. 55(2001), p.195

DOI: 10.1016/s0169-2046(01)00155-4

Google Scholar

[35] Y.C. Wang: Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to urbanization. Landscape and Urban Plan. Vol. 81(2007), p.341

DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.01.009

Google Scholar

[36] B. S. Jia, M. Hugentobler, F. Moavenzadeh and K. Hanaki: AGS future cities: Guangzhou: a partnership for sustainable urban development, sustainable urban and region development in China. DISP. Vol. 151(2002), p.51

DOI: 10.1080/02513625.2002.10556823

Google Scholar

[37] H.Y. Chen, S. Ganesan and B.S. Jia: Environmental challenges of post-reform housing development in Beijing. Habitat International. Vol. 29(2005), p.571

DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2004.05.002

Google Scholar

[38] B. Sadler: Environmental assessment in a Changing World: Evaluating Practice to Improve Performance: Final Report. International Study of the effectiveness of Environmental Assessment. Ottawa: Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency and the International Association for Impact Assessment. (1996)

Google Scholar

[39] A. Chaker, K. El-Fadl, L. Chamas and B. Hatjian: A review of strategic environmental assessment in 12 selected countries. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol.26-1 (2006), p.15

DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2004.09.010

Google Scholar

[40] A. Shepherd and L. Ortolano: Strategic environmental assessment for sustainable urban development. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol. 16(1996), p.321

DOI: 10.1016/s0195-9255(96)00071-6

Google Scholar

[41] D. Hedo and O. Bina:. Strategic environmental assessment of hydrological and irrigation plans in castilla y leon, spain. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol. 19(1999), p.259

DOI: 10.1016/s0195-9255(99)00009-8

Google Scholar

[42] J. Carter and J. Howe: The Water Framework Directive and the Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive: Exploring the linkages. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol. 26(2006), p.287

DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2005.05.001

Google Scholar

[43] M.E. Peecher, R. Schwartz and I. Solomon: It's all about audit quality: Perspectives on strategic-systems auditing. Accounting, Organizations and Society. Vol. 32(2007), p.463

DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2006.09.001

Google Scholar

[44] U.M. Mörtberg, B. Balfors and W.C. Knol: Landscape ecological assessment: A tool for integrating biodiversity issues in strategic environmental assessment and planning. Journal of Environmental Management. Vol. 82(2007), p.457

DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.01.005

Google Scholar

[45] R.J.W. De Nooij, K.M. Lotterman, P.H.J. van de Sande, T. Pelsma, R.S.E.W. Leuven and H.J.R. Lenders: Validity and sensitivity of a model for assessment of impacts of river floodplain reconstruction on protected and endangered species. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol. 26(2006), p.677

DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2006.06.001

Google Scholar

[46] M. Gontier, B. Balfors and U. Mörtberg: Biodiversity in environmental assessment: current practice and tools for prediction. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol. 26(2006), p.268

DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2005.09.001

Google Scholar

[47] P. Modak and A. K. Biswas: Conducting environmental impact assessment for developing countries (United Nations University Press 1999).

Google Scholar

[48] X.T. Nguyen, G. Arlt, B. Heber, J. Hennersdorf and I. Lehmann: Evaluation of urban land-use structures with a view to sustainable development. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. Vol. 22(2002), p.475

DOI: 10.1016/s0195-9255(02)00023-9

Google Scholar

[49] R. Forman: Horizontal processes, roads, suburbs, social objectives and landscape ecology, in: J. Klopatek and R. Gardner(Ed): Landscape ecological analysis: issues and applications (Springer Verlag Press, New York 1999).

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-0529-6_4

Google Scholar

[50] P. P. J. Yang and O. B. Lay: Applying ecosystem concepts to the planning of industrial areas: a case study of Singapore's Jurong Island. Journal of Cleaner Production. Vol. 12(2004), p.1011

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.028

Google Scholar