Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 193-194

Abstract: How to maintain a comfortable indoor environment without excessively relying on mechanical HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) is a target to be pursued for future living requirements. The results obtained in this research show that in an office environment, the room temperature monitored during winter is close to the comfortable temperature; however, the office occupants feel that a little warmer indoor temperature is comfort. During summer, the occupants prefer cooler temperature than the comfort temperature. Additionally, Taiwan is located in sub-tropical region with hot and humid summer. Even if the room temperature is maintained in a comfortable range, the occupants still feel not so comfortable because of high humidity. Hence, reducing the room temperature below 23 °C is inferred to make occupants feel comfortable. Questionnaire survey indicates that ventilation is preferred by 30.9% of the respondents for summer and 43.3% for winter as an effective method to improve the stuffy indoor air.

Abstract: During the average fifty or sixty years of building lifecycles, large amounts of energies are consumed at all stages, from the production of building materials, transportation for project constructions, daily use, and maintenance to demolition, in particular, the daily energy consumption of air-conditioners, lighting, and elevators. The main “energy saving indicator,” from among nine green building indicators, evaluates the electrical power consumption of air conditioners and lighting. The main evaluation items are building envelope heating load ratio, air-conditioner energy efficiency ratio, and lighting energy saving ratio. During evaluation, the promotion and application of renewable energy is encouraged by incentive factors. The development and use of renewable energy technology may improve energy utilization efficiency, maintain a balance of supply and demand, and reduce environmental pollution, thus, this study developed a indoor personal office system with 1KW solar energy and a 500W proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM fuel cell) as the power source, which is composed of LED indoor lighting, air fan, LED table lamp, notebook computer, printer, and acoustic equipment. Under continuous operations of 24h, this office system will generate 12kwh of electricity, which reduces 7.656kg of carbon dioxide output. If continuously operated for 1 year, it will generate 4,320kwh electricity, which reduces 2,756.16kg of carbon dioxide output. In addition, the side product water can be recycled as landscape water.

Abstract: In this paper, the STIRPAT model has been used for quantitative research of the driving factors of building energy consumption in China. We use the ridge regression method to obtain the regression equation between building energy consumption and five key driving factors, including population, urbanization rate, household consumption level, per capita living space, and the development of the tertiary industry. The results show that the comsumption level has higher influence on building energy consumption in China than the other four factor, and the influence of the tertiary industry and building area factors is inferior. The influence of population factor on the growth of building energy consumption is small, but the distribution of urban and rural population factors (urbanization rate) have greater influence than the total population factor.

Abstract: Along with the quick development of social economy, consumption of the energy is more and more serious. Saving energy’s reformation not only can lower a building energy effectively but also can improve the environment of the inner and exterior of building. For improving the quality level of life, it has very aggressive meaning. Existing building consuming energy is serious in all buildings.Its economy energy reformation is particularly important. The paper set out a few current aspects economize on energy the technique project from the doors and windows, out wall, and roof etc. and policy suggestion of reformation from the actual circumstance.

Abstract: Building energy conservation has become to be one of the major tasks of promoting energy conservation and raise the efficiency of energy consumption. Meters are the source of data, it is important to study data precision model based on the accuracy of the error analysis method. This paper firstly introduces error analysis, error distribution and error control theory, then take electric and heat meters for example to describe the error analysis and error distribute methods. The results show that when the precision level of voltage is 0.2, current is 0.2 and power factor is 0.5, the maximum relative error of electrical quantity can be controlled less than 1%, meet the requirement of measurement. The total relative error of heat meter is inverse proportion with temperature difference of sensor and water flow, and when the temperature difference remains unchanged, the error of heat meter trends to main steady if the instant flow of water more than half of the normal flow value.

Abstract: The Public Rental Housing has been built large-scale ,it doing well in these respect in Chongqing ,such as balanced distribution ,convenience transportation, perfect mating, suitable living environment .But as a real mountainous city ,Public Rental Housing in Chongqing exist some problem in the incorporation between the exterior space and the geographical environment of mountainous city .The exterior space design didn't reflect the characteristic of mountainous city, it also lack of 3d stereo feeling, space distribution lack of identification feeling and characteristic , the acquaintance with special ground feature is not enough .Aim at above problems, come up with reasonable solution to increase the exterior space characteristic of public rental housing exterior space. Such as choosing the suitable living location, compiling with terrain, connecting ground in a suitable way, using various design way and so on.

Abstract: In order to deal with Energy scarcity and economic development problem, more and more city turns to the Low-carbon development model. The paper describes the Low-carbon city constructive condition of the Southern Jiangsu Province, and analyzes current main problems from the viewpoint of the industry, the traffic, the architecture, the consumer Low-carbon consumption consciousness and policy. After referring to experiences home and aboard，the paper puts forward some suggestions to deal with the before-mentioned problems.

Abstract: The low-carbon economy plays a important role in the architectural design requirements from the perspective of low-carbon economy. by introducing the issue of sustainable development of domestic architecture, the paper analysis that architectural design be adapt to the need for low-carbon economic development, and discusses the way of the development of low-carbon green building design.

Abstract: As environmental problems have affected people's livelihood, in the widespread concern about the environment today, as the architects ,we should raise the banner of green building, energy conservation, taking in the whole society in the forefront of ecological design.In this paper, some of the common energy strategy for the design to the summary, and briefly explain how these design strategies is combined together with the ultimate form of organic architecture, thus which enhancing the sustainability and ecological building design for the practice of understanding.

Abstract: Mechanical compression is a traditional process for the dewatering of sewage sludge. However, the moisture content of the cake is still high, unfavorable for the sludge management. In this paper, the use of thermal compression to improve the sludge dewatering is investigated. The dewatering efficiency is affected by the applied temperature, pressure and the sludge mass. The bound water of the sludge is further reduced by thermal compression, improving the dewatering performance. The solid content of the cake obtained after 10 min mechanical compression and 60 min thermal compression at 120 oC and 4 MPa is 85.2%.