In-Service Transient Load Measurement on a Large Composite Panel

Abstract:

Current practices to estimate the pressure loads on the hull of small high-speed craft in a seaway are based on determination of the wave loads by applying rules and standards which itself relies either on often conservative methods, leading to a craft that is heavier and slower than it could be otherwise. There are rather large uncertainties in the wave load predictions for ships mainly caused by not necessarily sufficient theoretical basis of the calculation methods. Direct pressure measurement techniques can only provide data at each transducer location and classical analytical techniques require a large amount of experimental data to be collected to relate pressure to the structures response. The evaluation of wave generated hydrodynamic loads is less reliable as the dynamic nature of the loading as well as transient effects such as slamming and green water on deck still demands more investigations. Therefore, a novel technique is required to overcome these limitations by providing a method of measuring the pressure load with relatively few sensors and minimal data collection. This paper reports on research undertaken to develop an inverse problem approach utilising an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for quantification of in-service, transient loads in real-time acting on the craft from the craft’s structural response (strain response to load). This study investigates suitability and performance of utilising ANN as an inverse problem approach to estimate impact loads applied to up to 13 locations on the structure in real-time from 16 strain measurements.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 248)
• Pages: 204-211
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.248.204
• Online since: December 2012
• Authors: Mohammad Reza Ramazani, Philip Sewell, Siamak Noroozi, Mehran Koohgilani, Bob Cripps
• Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Composite, Impact Load, Marine, Slamming, Structural Analysis

References

[1] E. Bunting, M. Sheahan, Broken by design?, Yachting World, IPC INSPIRE Ltd, (2009) 66-79.

[2] X. Guo-dong, D. Wen-yang, Review of prediction techniques on hydrodynamic impact of ships J. Marine Science Application, 8 (2009) 204-210.

[3] J. Lee, P. A. Wilson, Experimental Study Of The Hydro-Impact Of Slamming In A Modern Racing Sailboat, J. ships Marine Science Application, 8 (2009) 204-210.

[4] Phelps, B.P. Determination of Wave Loads for Ship Structural Analysis, DSTO Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory, Australia, (1997).

[5] T.V. Karman, The impact on seaplane floats during landing - Technical report, Aerodynamical Institute of the Technical High School, Aachen, (1929).

[6] M. Ochi, L. Motter, Prediction of slamming characteristics and hull responses for ship design, J. Transactions of SNAME, 81(1973) 144-176.

[7] O. Faltinsen, Hydroelastic slamming, J. Marine Science and Technology, 5(2) (2000) 49-65.

[8] G. Kapsenberg, A. Veer, J. Hackett, M. Levadou, Aftbody slamming and whipping loads, SNAME Annual Meeting, 111 (2003) 213-231.

[9] S. Heller, N. Jasper, On the structural design of planing craft, Transaction of RINA, 103 (1961) 49-65.

[10] A. Stavovy, S. Chuang, Analytical determination of slamming pressures for high-speed vehicles in waves, J. Ship Research, 20(4) (1976) 190-198.

DOI: 10.5957/jsr.1976.20.4.190

[11] D. Savitsky, P. Brown, Procedures for hydrodynamic evaluation of planning hulls in smooth and rough water, J. Marine Technology, 13(4) (1976) 381-400.

DOI: 10.5957/mt1.1976.13.4.381

[12] R. Allen, R. Jones, D. Taylor, A simplified method for determining structural design limit pressures on high performance marine vehicles, Proceedings of AIAA/SNAME Advanced Marine Vehicle Conference, San Diego, (1978).

DOI: 10.2514/6.1978-754

[13] P. Joubert, Strength of bottom plating of yachts, J. Ship Research, 26 (1) (1982) 45-49.

DOI: 10.5957/jsr.1982.26.1.45

[14] R. Reichard, The structural response of small craft to dynamic loading, Proceedings of the 14th AIAA Symposium on the Aero/Hydronautics of Sailing, 30 (1984) 105-110.

[15] M. Hentinen, G. Holm, Load measurement on the 9. 4m sailing yacht sail lab, 13th International Symposium Yacht Design and Yacht Construction, Netherlands, (1994) 131-161.

[16] P. Joubert, Tests on yacht hull plating, J. Marine Technology, 33, (1996) 130-140.

DOI: 10.5957/mt1.1996.33.2.130

[17] ABS, Guide for building and classing offshore racing yachts, American Bureau of Shipping, (1994).

[18] ISO, ISO 12215 Small craft – Hull construction and scantlings, Part 5: Design pressures for monohulls design stresses, scantlings determination. International Organization for Standardization, (2008).

DOI: 10.3403/30038704u

[19] BV, Rules for the Classification and Certification of Yachts. Bureau Veritas, (2008).

[20] M.K. Ochi, L.E. Motter, Prediction of extreme values of impact pressures associated with ship slamming, J. Ship Res, 13(2) (1969).

[21] M.K. Ochi, L.E. Motter, Prediction of slamming characteristics and hull responses for ship design, J. Trans SNAME, (1973).

[22] D. W Chalmers, Design of ship's structures, HMSO Publications Centre, London, (1993).

[23] N. Jones, Slamming damage, MIT Department of Ocean Engineering, Report No 72-4, (1972).

[24] Ship Structure Committee, Hydrodynamic impact on displacement ship hulls, an assessment of the state of the art, SSC 385, (1995).

[25] S. R Heller, N.H. Jasper. On the structural design of planing craft, RINA Quarter Trans, (1960).

[26] W. Beukelman, Bottom impact pressures due to forced oscillation, Int Shipbuilding Progress, 27(309) (1980).

DOI: 10.3233/isp-1980-2730901

[27] P. Manganelli, Experimental investigation of dynamic loads on offshore racing yachts, Ph. D thesis, University of Southampton, UK, (2006).

[28] M.R. Ramazani, S. Noroozi, M. Koohgilani, B. Cripps, P. Sewell, Determination of static pressure loads on a marine composite panel from strain measurements utilising artificial neural networks, submitted to Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: J. Eng. for the Maritime Environment.

DOI: 10.1177/1475090212449231

[29] V.B. Rao, H.V. Rao, C++ Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic, M & T Books, New York, (1995).

[30] X. Cao, Y. Sugiyama, Y. Mitsui, Application of artificial neural networks to load identification J. Computers and Structures, 69 (1998) 63-67.

DOI: 10.1016/s0045-7949(98)00085-6

[31] L. Ziemianski, G. Harpula, The use of neural networks for damage detection in eight storey frames, Proceedings of the 5th international conference: Engineering applications of neural networks, (1999) 292–297.

[32] R. Amali, S. Noroozi, J. Vinney, The application of combined artificial neural network and finite element method in domain problems, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Engineering Applications of Neural Networks (EANN 2000), (2000).

[33] R. Amali, S. Noroozi, J. Vinney, P. Sewell, S. Andrews, Predicting interfacial loads between the prosthetic socket and the residual limb for below-knee amputees: a case study, J. Strain, 42(1) (2006) 3-10.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2006.00245.x

[34] F. Rosenblatt, The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain Psychological Review, 65(6) (1958) 386–408.

DOI: 10.1037/h0042519

[35] S. Shar, F. Palmieri, MEKA: a fast, local algorithm for training feed forward neural networks, Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, (1990) 41–46.

DOI: 10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137822

[36] K. Soo-Young, B.Y. Moon, D.E. Kim, S.C. Shin, Automation of hull plates classification in ship design system using neural network method, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 20(2) (2006) 493–504.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2004.06.008

[37] S. Xu, X. Deng, V. Tiwar, M. A, Sutton, W.L. Fourney, An inverse approach for pressure load identification, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 37(7) (2010) 865–877.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.10.007

[38] R. Amali, S. Noroozi, J. Vinney, P. Sewell, S. Andrews, Improvements in the accuracy of an Inverse Problem Engine's output for the prediction of below-knee prosthetic socket interfacial loads, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 23(6) (2010).

DOI: 10.1016/j.engappai.2010.02.011