The Treatment Methods Review of Source-Separated Urine

Article Preview

Abstract:

The urine-diverting toilet separates the urine and faeces and collects urine alone at the source. This technique can not only collect and make the most use of nutrients in urine, but also reduce the pollutants load on water bodies. Because of the valuable benefits of urine-source separation system, many researchers have done a lot of study in the global scope and obtained many results on this techniques. Currently studies focus on extracting struvite precipitation from urine which can synchronously recover nitrogen and phosphorus. Because phosphorus is a scarce resource and most phosphate resources are going to the bottom of sea. The recovery of struvite can realize the sustainable utilization of phosphorus resources. This paper reviews the latest research outcomes on urine diverting and treatment techniques.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Info:

Periodical:

Pages:

1701-1705

Citation:

Online since:

February 2013

Authors:

Export:

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Permissions PLS:

Сopyright:

© 2013 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

[1] H. Kirchmann and S. Pettersson: Fertilizer Research. Vol. 40 (1995), pp.149-154.

Google Scholar

[2] Jian Zhang, Shibao Gao, Jin Zhang, Joachim Behrendt and Zhangyi Lie: China Water and Wastewater. Vol. 26-12(2008), pp.10-13. In Chinese.

Google Scholar

[3] M. Maurer, W. Pronk and T.A. Larsen: Water Research. Vol. 40 (2006), pp.3151-3166.

Google Scholar

[4] Wouter Pronk, Helena Palmguist, Martin Biebow and Markus Boller: Water Research. Vol. 40 (2006), pp.1405-1412.

Google Scholar

[5] Tanmoy Karak and Pradip Bhattacharyya: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. Vol. 55 (2011), pp.400-408.

Google Scholar

[6] Bjorn Vinneras, Annika Nordin, Charles Niwagaba and Karin Nyberg: Water Research. Vol. 42 (2008), pp.4067-4074.

Google Scholar

[7] Kai M. Udert, Tove A. Larsen, Martin Biebow and Willi Gujer: Water Research. Vol. 37 (2003), pp.2571-2582.

DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(03)00065-4

Google Scholar

[8] Zhigang Liu, Qingliang Zhao, Kun Wang, LEE Duujong, Wei Qiu and Jianfang Wang: J. Envionmental Sciences. Vol. 20 (2008), pp.1018-1024.

Google Scholar

[9] Helvi Heinonen-Tanski, Annalena Sjoblom, Helena Fabritius and Paivi Karinen: Bioresource Technology. Vol. 98 (2007), pp.214-217.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.11.024

Google Scholar

[10] Rostron W.M., Stuckey D.C., Young A.A.: Water Research. Vol. 35 (2001), pp.1169-1178.

Google Scholar

[11] Lind B B, Ban Z, Byden S: Bioresource Technology. Vol. 73(2000), pp.169-174.

Google Scholar

[12] Zsofia Ganrot, Goran Dave, Eva Nilsson and Bo Li: Bioresource Technology. Vol. 98 (2007), pp.3122-3129.

Google Scholar

[13] Wilsenach J A, Schuurbiers C A H, van Loosdrecht M C M: Water Research. Vol. 41 (2007), pp.458-466.

DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.10.014

Google Scholar