Research on Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism in Chongqing ReBAM

Abstract:

The rural tourism in our country is one kind of quite novel traveling form, its market demand is rising with our country urbanization advancement’s acceleration and Population structure’s change. It is a special traveling project with depending on agriculture. This article elaborates three ReBAM by Chaotianmen for center, analyses the condition of rural tourism in Chongqing ReBAM and appraises rural tourism with choosing evaluation factor. At last, it proposes suggestion and opinion on rural tourism’s Sustainable Development.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 295-298)
• Pages: 2539-2543
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.295-298.2539
• Online since: February 2013
• Authors: Ji Xia Zhou, Li Peng, Dong Jie Guan
• Keywords: Evaluation, Rebam, Rural Tourism, Sustainable Development

References

[2] 2重庆环城游憩带的圈层结构状况 The circle structure situation in Chongqing ReBAM ReBAM 实际上是一种特殊的城市郊区游憩活动空ReBAM is actually a special kind of recreation activities space in the suburbs of city. 这里笔者把环城游憩带和郊区笼统地当作同一地段。Here I classified the ReBAM and suburban loosely as the same lot. 重庆是中国最大的直辖市，东西长470公里，南北宽450公Chongqing is China's largest municipality, 470 kilometers long from east to west, and 450 kilometers wide from north to south. 领辖40个区县，总面积为8. 24万km 2 ，呈组团式分布 [6] 。 Collar jurisdiction over 40 districts and counties, with a total area of 82, 400 km 2, was the group-type distribution [6]. 由于本文篇幅有限，在这里就不分别以每个组团为中心做环城游憩带，而是以朝天门为中心，分别以距朝天门半小时、 1小时、 2小时的距离做了三层环城游憩带，并标注出乡村旅游地在此游憩带上的分布。 As to the limited space of this article, we use Chaotianmen as the center , and to Chaotianmen center were half an hour away from the Chaotianmen, 1 hour, 2 hours distance to do a three-ring City recreation zone, and marked out of village tourism belt distribution in this recreation. As is shown in 见图1 。Figure 1. 图1重庆环城游憩带及在此的乡村旅 The Fig. 1 Chongqing ReBAM, Fig. 2 Chongqing resource maps and the distribution of rural tourism land 3重庆环城游憩带乡村旅游发展的The conditions of the development of rural tourism in Chongqing ReBAM.

[3] 1大城市与大农村的典型二元Major Cities and Rural Dual Structure To 2 0 11年末，重庆全市户籍人口为3329. 81万人，常住人口2919万人，其中居住在城镇的人口为1605. 96万人，城镇化率达到55. 2 % ，远低于其他三个直辖市2000年的城the end of 2011, the Household population in Chongqing is 3329. 81 million, and the resident population is 2919 million of which 1, 605. 96 million population living in towns, the urbanization rate has reached 55. 2%, much lower than the other three municipalities in 2000, urbanization level. （北京、天津、上海分别为68. 7%、58. 4%、74. 6%） [8 ] 这种独特的城乡二元结构为重庆环城游憩带乡村旅游的发展提供了的客观条件。 (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, respectively, 68. 7%, 58. 4%, 74. 6%) . This unique urban-rural dual structure provides objective conditions for the Chongqing ReBAM rural tourism development.

[3] 2 主城区作为稳定的客源市场已经形成。Main city has been formed as a stable source markets In 2011 , 2011年重庆全年实现地区生产总值10011 . 13亿元，比上年增长16 . 4 % ，按常住人口计算，人均地区生产总值达到34500元，比上年增长15 . 2 %。 Chongqing achieved GDP 1. 001113 trillion yuan throughout the year, an increase of 16. 4% over the previous year, while according to the resident population, the per capita GDP reached 34, 500 yuan, an increase of 15. 2% over the previous year. The stable economic growth经济的稳定增长为乡村旅游的开展提供了必要条件。 provides the necessary conditions for the launching of rural tourism.

[3] 3资源条件得天独厚Unique Resource Conditions 环城游憩带的乡村旅游培育与发展必然要求要有一定的资源条件作为支撑，要求资源具有可塑性，即根据旅游产品设计或旅游需求的需要进行一The nurturing and development of rural tourism ReBAM inevitably demands to have a certain resource conditions as support. Resources should be plasticity and some transformation will be made accordingly to the design of tourism product or the needs of the tourism demand. 重庆很多旅游资源都是位于环城游憩带的近郊和远郊。In Chongqing, lots of tourism resources are located in suburban and exurban ReBAM. 市区近郊有南、北温泉和避暑胜地缙云山、南山等；远郊有江津四面山森林风光、万盛渝南石林、武隆芙蓉洞、仙女山高山草原、南川金佛山森林公园。 In the urban suburban there are North and South hot springs and summer resort Jinyun Mountain, Nanshan, etc.; outer suburbs , there are the Jiangjin Simian mountain, Wansheng Stone Forest , Wulong Furong hole, Xiannv mountain alpine grasslands, Nanchuan gold Foshan Forest Park. As is shown in Figure 2. 图 2 重庆主要资源.

[3] 4良好的可进入性 。Good Accessibility 环城游憩带的乡村旅游发展还必须具备一定的交通条The ReBAM rural tourism development also must have a certain amount of traffic conditions. 由于重庆市境内多山地、丘陵，交通多有不便。 Chongqing City is surrounded by many mountains, hills and the traffic is inconvenience. To solve the为改变城乡山区出行难的"瓶颈"问题，政府提出了"八小时重庆"和"半小时城区"的交通概念，进行了大规模的公路建设。 Bottleneck" problem that it is difficult to travel the urban and rural mountain, the Government has proposed the concept of "eight hours Chongqing" and "half-hour city, traffic and make large scale road construction. 成渝(重庆一成都) 、渝黔(重庆一贵阳) 、渝武(重庆一四川武胜) 、遂渝（重庆—遂宁）高速公路已建成通车，湘渝等高速公路正在建设中，城区内修建了长江、嘉陵江沿江大道和贯通全市的高等级公路.

[3] 5政策条件Conditions of Policy 环城游憩带的乡村旅游发展必然要牵涉到旅游、土地、林业、水利、电力等相关部门，有一套好的服务政策，是推动环城游憩带乡村旅游发展的保障The development of rural tourism ReBAM necessarily involves travel, land, forestry, water conservancy, electric power and other related departments so a set of good service policy is a guarantee to promote the protection of the rural tourism development ReBAM. 近年来尤其是开展社会主义新农村建设后，各种支农惠农服务相继出台，旅游部门及时制定了多种服务标准和服务规范，并开展了形式多样的星评服务。 Particularly in recent years, our country set out to carry out the construction of a new socialist countryside, and a variety of services to support and benefit agriculture have been introduced. The tourism sector timely makes out a variety of service standards, service regulations and forms the star rating service. 很多地区的"农家乐"都参加旅游部门的星级评定。 4 重庆环城游憩带乡村旅游的可持续发展评价Sustainable Development Evaluation of Rural Tourism in Chongqing ReBAM.

[4] 1 评价因子的选择Choice of Evaluation Factor 根据重庆环城游憩带乡村旅游发展的实际情况，我们选择市场区位、旅游资源价值、地理区位作为评价的三个决定因子According to the actual development of the Chongqing ReBAM with the rural tourism, we have chosen the market location, value of tourism resources and geographic location as the three determining factors of evaluation.

DOI: 10.12677/sd.2018.84035

[4] 1. 1市场区位因子 Market Location Factor 市场区位就是指乡村旅游地与主城区客源市场的位置关系，用空间距离、时间距离及可达性来进行评价 The market location refers to the position relationship of village tourism source markets and the main city , which is appraised with spatial distance, temporal distance and reach ability . The village tourism road乡村旅游地距主城区5O ～ 100 km ，公路交通时间在1h范围内则为较优区位；乡村旅游地距主城区100 ～ 200 km ，公路交通时间在1 ～ 2 h范围内则为一般区位；乡村旅游地距大中城市2 00 ～ 3 00 km ，公路交通时间在2 h以上则为较差区位。 away from the main town 5O ~ 100 km and the transport time in 1h range compared to the better location; rural tourism away from the main city 100 of 200 km, road transport time in the range of 1 ~ 2 h, compared with the general location; 2 00 ~ 3 00 km, the highway traffic time in more than 2 h, compared with the poor location of village tourism from the large and medium cities.

[4] 1. 2旅游资源价值 The Value of Tourism Resources 资源价值是指乡村旅游开发所依托的乡村自然环境和人文环境 Resource value refers to the value of the natural and human environment that rural tourism development is relied on. 从资源的美学价值、康娱价值、历史文化价值、科学价值、环境容量和舒适性六个方面采用综合评价法进行评价。It is appraised with comprehensive methods from six aspects such as the resources of the aesthetic value, recreational value, historical and cultural value, scientific value, environmental capacity and comfort. 我们将综合评分的最高值设定为10 ，综合评分≥ 7则为具较高价值的资源，≤ 3的为较低价值的资源。 We will composite score the highest value which is set to 10, the composite score ≥ 7, compared with the resources of higher value ≤ 3 for the lower value of the resources. 中间分值为一般性旅游资源。 Middle score is of general tourism resources.

[4] 1. 3地理区位条件Geographic Location 地理区位从两个方面来进行评价：一方面，乡村旅游地是否位于某一风景名胜区(著名旅游地)周围，另一方Geographic location is appraised from two aspects: on the one hand, whether the village tourism is located in a scenic area (famous tourist places), on the other hand, 乡村旅游地是否处于某一旅游热线上。 whether the village tourism is located in the particular tourism hot line. 我们认为，二者兼具的地理区位为优势区位，只具其一的区位为一般区位，两者都不具备的区位为劣势区位。 We believe that with both the two geographic locations is the advantage location, and with only one of the two locations is the first general location, without the two locations is the disadvantage location.

[4] 2评价体系的建立和评价结果Establishment of the Evaluation System.

DOI: 10.12677/jwrr.2016.52015

[4] 2. 1评价体系 We use我们用M表示市场区位。 M to represent the market location. R表示资源价值， T表示旅游区位，分别用1 ， 2 ， 3 ，代表"优"、一般"和"差"三种状态，则其三项距阵形式为： R represents the source value, T represents tourist areas, we use 1, 2, 3, respectively stand for "excellent", "general" and "poor, three states, three matrix form. 结合重庆环城游憩带乡村旅游发展市场区位相对固定的特征（主要是针对主城区居民），我们主要从市Combining with the characteristics that the location of Chongqing ReBAM the development of rural tourism market is relatively fixed (mainly for residents of the main city). We mainly start with the market location to 对组合中的五个评价类型进行分析。analyse the combination of the five evaluation types.

[4] 2 . 2评价结果Evaluation Results.

[4] 2. 2 . 1可持续发展能力强的乡村旅游地Best rural tourism area of Sustainable development capability （１）这类乡村旅游区旅游资源分布、客源分布在空间上相互重叠，乡村旅游具有资源和客源双重优势的同时还具备良性的旅游聚集效应，是乡村旅游开发最 In this type of rural tourism area, the resources distribution and source distribution overlap each other in space, rural tourism with the dual advantage of resource and source of tourism also has benign aggregation effect that is a ideal region for rural tourism development. 它地处于主城区的近郊区，与主城区有便捷的交通方式相连接，处在主城区周边半小时游憩带内，此外还有公共交通为市民出行提供便利。 It is located in the near suburbs of the main city with a convenient mode of transportation connected to the main city and also in recreational belt within half of an hour to the main city in the surrounding area, in addition the public transportation is convenient for public travel. That例如在第一层游憩带上分布的乡村旅游地如缙云山的金果园和南山的"泉水鸡"一条街。 brings the distribution of rural tourism and recreation in the first layer, such as in Jinyun Mountain Orchard and Nanshan spring chicken, street.

[4] 2 . 2 . 2可持续发展能力较强的乡村旅游地Better rural tourism area of Sustainable development capability （１）这类乡村旅游地的特点是具备客源和交通便利，有一定知名度的景区、景点相互提携，形成较优的旅游集聚效 The characteristics of this kind of village tourism is the source of tourists and the convenient transportation. There are some well-known scenic attractions guiding and supporting each other that form a better tourism agglomeration effects. 有一定的资源优势，但该旅游资源对城市居民的吸引力一般，具有可替代性。 There are certain advantages in resources, but the tourism resources are generally attractive to the city residents that can be replaceable. 例如在第二层游憩带上分布的江津，距四面山景区79公里，应该充分利用四面山的优势，充分争取旅游团队停留用餐、购物、参观的节点。 For example, Jiangjin which is located in the second layer of the recreation distribution, 79 km away from the Simian Mountain Scenic Spot, should make full use of the advantages of Simian Mountain to become the node that fully strive the travel team to stay dining, shopping and visiting.

[4] 2. 2 . 3可持续发展能力一般的乡村旅游地Good rural tourism area of Sustainable development capability （１）这类乡村旅游地具有极其丰富的旅游资源，吸引一 The type of rural tourism has very rich tourism resources to attract a certain number of tourists. 在客源稳定的情况下，可以改变交通状况。 So with the condition of a stable customer base it can change the traffic conditions. 一般这类旅游地都在风景名胜区或者旅游热点的郊区，可以增加区间交通工具，例如观光车、小型旅游巴士等，增强地区的可进入性。 This type of tourist is generally in the outskirts of the scenic spots or tourist hot spots, so you can increase the range of transport, such as sightseeing cars, mini coaches to enhance the accessibility of the region. For example例如武隆的双河乡，因为境内有仙女山森林公园，年接待游客100万人次，双河乡应该继续开展除烤全羊、骑马、射箭外的其他旅游项目，从而延迟游客停留时间。 Wulong Township which locates in the Forest Park territory Xiannushan receives 1, 000, 000 passengers every year. Dual Township should continue to carry out the tourism projects such as roasted whole lamb, horse riding, archery outside and so on to delay the time tourists spend here. （２）此外，还要深度开发有特色丰富的旅游产品，大力气组织其生产.

[4] 2. 2 . 4Weaker rural tourism area of Sustainable development capability （１）这类乡村旅游地在客源相对固定与集中的前提下，旅游资源的价值不高，没有强烈吸引游客 This kind of village tourism is in the premise of a relatively fixed and concentrated customer base, while the value of tourism resources is not high so there isn't strongly dissimilarity to attract tourists. 地理位置也离主城区相对较远，不在风景名胜区或旅游热线上的近郊。 The location is also relatively far away from the main city, not in the scenic area or travel hotline suburban. 旅游资源仅可以吸引本地的居民，成为当地居民休闲娱乐的去处，在当地有一定的盛名。 Tourism resources can only attract the local residents. Be a place for local residents to enjoy leisure and become a certain reputation in the local. （２）建议在有多余资金而且其他地区地理位置较之更差的情况下，可以发展此类型4. 2. 2 . 5可持续发展能力弱的乡村weak rural tourism area of Sustainable development capability 这一模式的乡村旅游资源比较贫乏，资源特色不突出，而且独立于风景名胜区或旅游热线之Rural tourism resources in this model are relatively poor, resource isn't characteristics and it is independent of outside scenic spots or tourism hot line. 不能和其它旅游项目形成互动。 Interaction cannot be formed with other tourism projects. 唯一的优势还是市场。 The only advantage is still the market. So市场的需求就成为此种乡村旅游区生存和发展的指针。 the market demand is the pointer for survival and development of such rural tourism area. 这一模式在城市近郊或是城中村的旅游发展中较为常见。 This pattern is more common in the outskirts of the city or the villages of Tourism. 由于需要市场的介入，所以必须要有优惠灵活的政策进行配套。 Due to the intervention of the market, so there must be preferential flexible policies to support it. 重庆市渝北区鹿山村是这一模式的典型代表。 Yubei District, deer Village is a typical representative of this model. 6结Conclusion 综上所述，本文对重庆环城游憩带乡村旅游的发展，评价等作了初步 In summary, this article makes a preliminary analysis about the development and evaluation of Chongqing ReBAM with rural tourism. 但是，重庆环城游憩带的乡村旅游还存在一些问题。However, there are still some problems on the rural tourism of the Chongqing ReBAM. 例如产品粗燥加工、粗放经营明显，乡村旅游消费呈现出初级化，食宿设施落后，资金得不到保障等。 Such as product rough machining obvious, extensive management, rural tourism consumption showing primary, accommodation facilities are backward and funds are not guaranteed. 这些问题都需要我们在以后的研究中解决。 These problems need to be solved in the later study. 社会主义新农村建设不可能一蹴而就，环城游憩带的乡村旅游发展也是如此。 The building of a new socialist countryside cannot be done overnight, so do the development of rural tourism ReBAM. 希望更多的研究者来探讨这一课题，扶持和推动这项前景广阔的工程进一步向广度和深度进军。 We except more researchers to explore this topic in order to support and promote this promising project further march to the breadth and depth. Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (cstc2012jjA20010), Innovation Program of National Youth Science Fund Project(N0. 4120156). 参References.

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